1.

Presenceof electron - withdrawing substituents

Answer»

STABILIZES carbocations , carbanions as WELL as free radicals.
stabilizes carbocations and carbonions.
stabilizes carbocations and free radicals.
stabilizes carbanions.

Solution :Electron - withdrawin SUBSTITUENTS disperse the ELECTRONS or negative charge , hence they stabilize carbanions , and destabilize carbocations.


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