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Properties such as boiling point, freezing point and vapour pressure of a pure solvent change when solute molecules are added to get homogeneous solution. These are called colligative properties. Application of colligative properties are very useful in day- to - day life. One of its examples is the use of ethylene glycol and water mixture as anti-freezing liquid in the radiator of automobiles. A solution M is prepared by mixing ethanol and water. The mole fraction of ethanol in the mixture is 0.9. Given : Freezing point depression constant of water (K_(f)^("water"))="1.86 K kg mol"^(-1) Freezing point depression constant of ethanol (e_(f)^("ethanol"))="2.0 K kg mol"^(-1) Boiling point elevation constant of water (K_(b)^("water"))="0.52 K kg mol"^(-1) Boiling point elevation constant of ethanol (K_(b)^("ethanol"))="1.2 K kg mol"^(-1) Standard freezing point of water = 273 K Standard freezing point of ethanol = 155.7 K Standard boiling point of water = 373 K Standard boiling point of ethanol = 351.5 K Vapour pressure of pure water = 32.8 mm Hg Vapour pressusre of pure ethanol = 40 mm Hg Molecular weight of water = "18 g mol"^(-1) Molecular weight of ethanol = "46 g mol"^(-1) In answering the following questions, consider the solutions to be ideal dilute solutions and solutes to be non-volatile and non-dissociative. The freezing point of solution M is |
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Answer» 268.7 K i.e., 0.9 mole of ethanol is mixed with 0.1 mole of water, i.e., water is the SOLUTE and ethanol is the solvent. `therefore"MOLALITY of water in the solution"` `=(0.1)/(0.9xx46)xx1000=2.415` `DeltaT_(F)=K_(f)"(ethanol)"xxm=2.0xx2.415=4.83K` `therefore"FREEZING point of the solution (ethanol)"` `=T_(f)^(@)"(ethanol)"-DeltaT_(f)=155.7-4.83=150.87K` = 150.9K |
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