For my school project we have been asked to talk about the similarities between Linux and Windows, and to relate some of the tasks we have done in school with Windows (both GUI and CL). Does anyone know anything that you can do on either Windows (GUI and CL) and on Debian CL? Also, are there any advantages for either one over the other, such as ease-of-use, or more complex things such as its being easier to create NEW users and assign them to groups?

I have been asked to get primary RESEARCH, so I’m not asking you to write a project for me, just to mention some things that you think are easier on either one.We do not do homework.  Here are some key areas you can consider.
First, Debian is a variant of Linux. Herein think of them as near equal.
A. MS-DOS and Windows started out on the 8086 CPU which had a limited address space and a strange way of doing program segments. Linux was developed for the i386 CPU large address space without need for SEGMENTATION. 
B. Linux was developed as a community project without the need for a profit plan. The objective was to share work and reward with all.
C. Like UNIX, Linux was meant to support several terminals on one  desktop computer. A number of users could all use the computer at the same time using teleprinters or dumb terminals, also called consoles.

The great thing about Linux was its use as a server for start-up internet providers. It was free and well suited for use as a Internet server. It is still widely used as a web server.

Hope that helps.