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Solve : document type declaration?

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Need an explanation of "document type declaration".  I have had about 70-80 html pages on the internet in 3 different websites, all without a document type declaration.  I don't"
1)understand the function/purpose of such a declaration and
2)don't know how to DETERMINE which of the following ones APPLY to me:
--- for HTML 4.01 Strict documents, http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> should be the first line.

--- For HTML 4.01 Transitional documents, the first line should be http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">.

--- For HTML 4.01 Frameset documents, the first line should be http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">.  Thanks


I Is this homework?
The topic "document type declaration" with reference to HTML has to do with the evolution of HTML over the past few YEARS. HTML is supposed to be a standard now. Or soon will be. Real soon. Maybe.

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HTML 4.01 Strict does not allow presentational markup with the ARGUMENT that Cascading Style Sheets should be used for that instead
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Type_Declaration

Now, having PUT that link,
here is what I find in a page I just made:
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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HTML is supposed to be a standard now. Or soon will be. Real soon. Maybe.
HTML 4 and XHTML 1.1 is now the standard.

http://www.w3schools.com/xhtml/xhtml_dtd.asp


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