1.

State chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds: (i) Propanal ad propanone. (ii) Phenol and bennzoic acid.

Answer»

Solution :(i) Propanal and propanone: The two componds can be distinguished by iodoform TEST. Propanone contains `CH_(3)CO`- group and gives iodoform test while propanal `(CH_(3)CH_(2)CHO)`
does not give iodoform test.
`CH_(3)COCH_(3)+3NaOItoCH_(3)COONa+2NaoH+underset("Iodoform")(CHI_(3))`
(ii) Phenol and benzoic acid: The two compounds can be distinguished as under:
Ferric chloride test: Phenol gives a violet colour with aqueous `FeCl_(3)` while benzoic acid gives buff coloured ppt. of ferric benzoate. < br> `underset("Phenol")(C_(6)H_(5)OH)+FeCl_(3)to` violet colour
`underset("Benzoic acid")(3C_(6)H_(5)COOH)+FeCl_(3)tounderset(("Buff coloured ppt"))underset(Ferric benzoate")((C_(6)H_(6)COO)_(3)Fe+3HCl`
Sodium BICARBONATE test: Phenol is a weaker acid than benzoic acid. While benzoic acid DECOMPOSES sodium bicarbonate, phenol does not.
`C_(6)H_(5)COOH+NaHCO_(3)toC_(6)H_(5)COONa+CO_(2)uarr+H_(2)O`
`C_(6)H_(5)OH+NaHCO_(3)to` No action.


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