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State Raoult's law for a solution containing volatile liquids. Explain with suitable example the concept of maximum boiling azeotropes. |
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Answer» Solution :Raoult.s law : For a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour pressure of each componentin the solution is directly proportional to its MOLE fraction. Let us say that there are two components 1 and 2 in a solution. For component 1, `p_1 prop x_1`, where `p_1` and `x_1` are partial pressure and mole fraction of component 1. and `p_1 p_1^0 x_1` where `p_1^0`is the vapour pressure of pure component 1 at the same temperature. Similarly for component 2, `p_2 = p_1^0x_2` Maximum boiling azeotropes : SOLUTIONS that show large NEGATIVE deviations from Raoult.s law form maximum boiling azeotropes at a SPECIFIC composition. Nitric acid and water is an EXAMPLE of this type of azeotropes. This azeotrope has the approximate composition, 68% nitric acid and32% water by mass, with a boiling point of 393.5 K. |
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