Explanation:

End effector:

The end effector is the hand connected to the robot's arm. The end effector in the form of the gripper, vacuum pump, tweezer, scalpel etc. is just about anything that helps it to do the job.

Sensor:

Sensors play an important role in the functioning of robots. Sensors are basically measurement devices that translate one form of signal into another. They are used in the robots for feedback purposes. The feedback system helps in guiding the robot end-effector along the proper path for proper operations.

Sensors are classifieds as:

• Internal state sensors
• External state sensors

Internal state sensors:

• They are basically used for the detection of variables that help in identifying the orientation of the tool-tip and manipulator joints.
• Example: position, velocity, and acceleration from potentiometers, LVDT, etc.

External state sensors:

• External state sensors are used for the detection of variables such as the range of the target or the concerned object of interest to be picked or moved
• Example: Strain gauges, proximity sensors, etc.