Explanation:

The ans is:

The team is a DYNAMIC set of people that has a particular purpose. Under certain conditions conducive to unity, the team is developed into an organized system of interdependent roles, institutions, common goals, values, attitudes and homogeneous behavior, which satisfies the needs of its members.

Although Western culture promotes independence, people in today’s organizations do not work in isolation but in teams so team working is very important.

It is recognized as an existing entity from its members but also from members who know the team.

It provides a degree of interdependence among its members.

It provides differentiation of tasks and roles.

Human society is based on teams. From a practical standpoint, people participate in teams because:

They feel the need to build social relationships.

Teams are a source of information.

Teams provide compensation (e.g. friendship, recognition, material goods).

Participation in a team enables the individual to achieve goals that could not be ACHIEVED at his/her personal level.

People are asked to join a team, a fact that occurs mainly in the workplace. In this case, it concerns FORMAL groups, which vary from the informal groups that are created spontaneously based on common interests, friendships, etc. In the typical workplace, the formal (e.g. department of a business) groups and the informal groups coexist.

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Team Spirit – Team Work

All companies that want to achieve high productivity ensure that there are team spirit and cooperation among employees. In particular, many experts argue that teamwork is very effective in companies where the requirement for dissemination of information is very high. Thus, a connection is seen between information management and teamwork.

For this reason, it is imperative to create effective teams, which should be motivated either through monetary and non monetary rewards to produce the best possible result.

An effective team has clear objectives, is consisted of people with similar skills that match the team’s goals. Members should trust each other, trust should be encouraged by an open, honest and cooperative business culture (Beer et al. 1984:66).

Human Resources Management is one of the key factors for creating such culture. Good cooperation requires good communication and good leadership.

Furthermore, companies should offer incentives, especially, team incentives, which will help increase cooperation. Apart from monetary incentives, companies must provide non-monetary rewards such as employee involvement and empowerment.

Effective teamwork can be achieved through the proper organization of the teams. It is particularly beneficial for businesses because it increases flexibility and speed. A project is carried out by several people with different skills so it is possible to have more innovative ideas and decision making will be more effective due to the heterogeneity of the group. The most important thing is that the team should be encouraged and supported in order to increase productivity to a much greater extent than if the work was performed on an individual basis (Robbins & Coulter 2002:255).

The role of Human Resources Management is seen as particularly crucial to achieve this goal, i.e. the creation of efficient teams.

Myths regarding teams

Mature individuals compose mature teams.

The team is the sum of individuals.

Effective procedures, methods and rules of the team have universal application.

The effectiveness of the group depends primarily on the quality of its leader.

The individual must sacrifice his freedom to belong to the group.

Theory of group creation

Among the theories that explain the formation of groups, the dominant and most prevalent is the one suggested by George Homans (Albanese and Van Fleet and 1985:250). According to this theory, the creation of a team is the result of THREE interrelated forces that constitute the environment in which every social system exists. These forces are the technology and know-how (technological environment) of the organization, the elements of the natural environment (place, facilities) of the organization, the training / culture of the environment or of the organization (norms, values, beliefs). These forces affect more people and require certain actions and interactions among them. These imposed actions and interactions in turn create emotional situations (emotions) and attitudes among individuals. The actions, interactions and emotions are interdependent with each other. For EXAMPLE, the more contacts (interactions) exist among individuals the more positive the emotions become and vice versa. This combination of these three parameters, Homans calls it “external system” because it is caused by the environment of the individuals. This combination leads to the initial creation of the group.