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What are monohydric alcohols ? How are they classified ? |
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Answer» Solution :Alcohols having only one hydroxyl group in their MOLECULES are called monohydric alcohols. Monohydric alcohols are classified according to the type of hybridization of th carbon atom to which the hydroxyl group is attached . (1) Alcohols containing`C_(sp^(3))-OH` bond : In these alcohols -OH group is attached to a `sp^(3)`hybridised carbon atom of alkyl group. These alcohols are represented as R-OH . They are further classified as primary , SECONDARY and tertiary alcohols in which -OH group is attached to primary , secondary , and tertiary carbon atoms respectively.  (a) Allylic alcohols : In these alcohols -OH is attached to a `sp^(3)`-hybridised carbon atom next to the carbon-carbon double bond i.e., to allylic caron. Allylic alcohol may be primary , secondary and tertiary alcohols.`{:(CH_(2)=CH-CH_(2)-OH""CH_(2)=CH-overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(CH)-OH""CH_(2)=CH-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)C-OH),("Allyl alcohol (primary)(secondary alcohol )(teritary alcohol)"),("prop-2-en-1-olbut-3-en-2-ol2-methylbut-3-en-2-ol") :}` (b) Benzylic alcohols : In these alcohols -OH group is attached to a `sp^(3)` -hybridised carbon atom next to an aromatic ring. Benzylic alcohol may be primary , secondary and tertiary alcohols.  (2) Alcohols containing `C_(sp)^(2)-OH` bond : In these alcohols -OH group is ttached to a `sp^(2)` hybridised carbon atom , e.g., vinylic carbon. These alcohols are ALSO called vinylic alcohols. |
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