Following are the SQL statements CATEGORIES that can be used in database testing:

• DDL – Data Definition Language:
  • CREATE: Used for creating databases and their objects LIKE tables, views etc.
  • ALTER: Used for altering the properties of database objects.
  • DROP: Used for dropping the database and objects of the database.
  • TRUNCATE: Used for removing all records from a table without touching its structure.
  • RENAME: Used for renaming the database objects.
• DML – Data Manipulation Language:
  • SELECT: Used for selecting specific records or data from the database objects.
  • INSERT: Used for inserting new data or records into the database tables.
  • UPDATE: Used for updating existing records.
  • DELETE: Used for deleting existing records.
• DQL – Data Query Language:
  • SELECT queries come under data query language to query the data based on any given conditions.
• DCL – Data Control Language:
  • Used for creating ROLES, GRANTING permissions and controlling ACCESSES to the database and the objects of the database. The commands that fall under DCL are:
    • GRANT: Used for providing the user access permissions.
    • DENY: Used for denying the user permissions.
    • REVOKE: Used for removing the user access.
• TCL – Transaction Control Language:
  • COMMIT: Used for writing and storing changes to the database.
  • ROLLBACK: Used for restoring the changes to the database to the last commit.