global.json: can define solution level settings in global.json file
launchsettings.json: can define project specific settings associated with each profile VISUAL Studio is configured to launch the application, including any environment variables that should be used. You can define framework for your project for compliation and debugging for specific profiles.
appsettings.json: to store CUSTOM application setting, DB connection strings,Logging etc
bundleconfig.json: can define the configuration for bundling and minification for the project.
project.json: STORING all project level configuration settings
bower.json: Bower is a package manager for the web. Bower manages components that contain HTML, CSS, JavaScript, fonts or even image files. Bower installs the right versions of the PACKAGES you NEED and their dependencies