Answer» - Process: Any program in execution is referred to as a process. Any process is controlled by a process control block. Process priority, process id, process state, CPU, register, and other information are all stored in the Process Control Block (PCB). Child Processes are created when a process spawns another process. It takes longer for a process to end, and it is isolated, which means it doesn't SHARE memory with other processes.
- Thread: A thread is a section of a process, which means that a process can have several threads, all of which are CONTAINED within the process. A thread can be in one of three STATES: running, READY, or blocked. Threads require less time to terminate than processes, but they do not isolate like processes.
The following table illustrates the differences between them: | Process | Thread |
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| The creation of a process takes more time. | The creation of a thread takes less time. | | Switching between contexts from one process to another takes longer. | Switching between contexts from one thread to another takes less time. | | In terms of intercommunication, the process is inefficient. | In terms of intercommunication, Thread is more efficient. | | Different processes use different areas of memory. They do not share memory. | Threads of the same process share memory. | | The Process Control Block, Stack, and Address Space are all unique to each process. | All threads of the same process share the process control block but have different thread control blocks, stack and address space. | | When one process gets blocked, it does not affect the other running processes. | When one thread gets blocked, all the other threads of the same process get blocked. | | The operating SYSTEM interface is used for process switching. | Thread switching does not necessitate invoking an operating system or causing a kernel interrupt. |
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