Scanners also function like photo-copiers by REFLECTING the light passed through narrow passage on to the document. Tiny sensors measure the reflection from each point along the strip of light. Reflectance MEASUREMENTS of each dot is called pixel. Images are classified as black and white, GRAYscale or colour based on hoe the pixels are converted into digital values.
For getting a gray scale image the pixels are mapped ONTO a range of gray shades between black and white. The entire image of the original document gets mapped as some shade of gray, lighter or darker, depending on the colour of the source.
In the CASE of black and white images, such mapping is made only to two colours based on the range of values of contrasts. A black and white image is also called a binary image.