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Why are aryl halides less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions than alkyl halides? How can we enhance the reactivity of aryl halides? |
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Answer» Solution :Aryl HALIDES are less reactive towards NUCLEOPHILIC substitution because C-X bond in aryl halides has partial double bond CHARACTER due to resosnance. Therefore, its cleavage is very difficult as compared to ALKYL halides where C-X bond is not involved in any resosnace. for more details, (a).  (b). By deactivating the ring: Benzene ring can be deactivated with the help of electron withdrawing GROUPS such as nitro `(-NO_(2))` groups and as a result, nucleophilic substitution can be carried under milder conditions. for Example  .
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