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| 1. |
WINDS- CAUSES AND TYPES OF WINDS |
| Answer» <p>Wind is caused by air flowing from high pressure to low pressure. The Earth's rotation prevents that flow from being direct, but deflects it side to side(right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern), so wind flows around the high and low pressure areas.</p><p>Types of Wind</p><p>1.Planetary Winds:</p><p>The winds blowing throughout the year from one latitude to another in response to latitudinal differences in air pressure are called “planetary or prevailing winds”. They involve large areas of the globe.</p><p>Two most important prevailing winds are trade winds and westerly winds.</p><p>2.Trade Winds:</p><p>These are extremely steady winds blowing from sub-tropical high pressure areas (30°N and S) towards the equatorial low pressure belt. These winds should have blown from the north to south in Northern Hemisphere and south to north in Southern Hemisphere, but, they get deflected to the right in Northern Hemisphere and to the left in Southern Hemisphere due to Coriolis effect and Ferrel’s law. Thus, they blow as north eastern trades in Northern Hemisphere and south eastern trades in Southern Hemisphere.</p><p>They are also known as tropical easterlies, and they blow steadily in the same direction. They are noted for consistency in both force and direction.</p><p>3.The Westerlies:</p><p>These winds blow from sub tropical high pressure belts towards sub-polar low pressure belts. The westerlies of Southern Hemisphere are more stronger and constant in direction than Northern Hemisphere. These winds develop between 40° and 65°S latitudes and these latitudes are known as Roaring Forties, Furious Fifties and Shrieking Sixties.</p><p>4.Periodic Winds:</p><p>Periodic winds change their direction periodically with the change in season, e.g., Monsoons, Land and Sea Breezes, Mountain and Valley Breezes.</p><p>5. Local Winds:</p><p>The local difference in temperature and pressure causes local winds. It is of four types: hot, cold, convectional and slope.</p> | |