Self-efficacy is a person’s belief in his ability to accomplish some specific goal or a task.
It depends on his trust in his own competency. Competence can vary between different situations, e.g. a person’s self-efficacy may be high in painting but low in cooking.
Self-efficacy is based on ‘Social cognitive theory. The theory holds that humans actively shape their lives rather than passively reacting to the environment.
Maddux defined self-efficacy as ‘what I believe I can do with my skills under certain conditions.
Two factors related to efficacy are outcome expectancies (skills required to complete the goal) and efficacy expectancies (person’s analysis about whether he has those capacities).
Self-efficacy can be improved by reinforcing oneself, developing one’s own skillset, choosing a role model for a particular activity and following him, seeking constructive feedback from others, and learning techniques to control one’s own emotional arousal.