1.

Write structural formulas and names of four possible aldol condensation products from propanal and butanal. In each case, indicate which aldehyde acts as nucleophile and which as electrophile.

Answer»

Solution :(i) Propanal ACTS as NUCLEOPHILE as well as ELECTROPHILE.
`underset("(Electrophile)")underset("Propanal")(CH_(3)CH_(2)CHO)+underset("(Nucleophile)")underset("Propanal")(CH_(3)CH_(2)CHO)rarr underset("3-Hydroxy-2-methylpental")(overset(5)CH_(3)overset(4)CH_(2)overset(OH)overset("|3")"CH"-overset(CH_(3))overset("|2")"CH"-overset(1)CHO)`
(ii) Propanal acts as electrophile and BUTANAL as nucleophile.
`underset("Electrophile)")underset("Propanal")(CH_(3)CH_(2)CHO)+underset("(Nucleophile)")underset("Butanal")(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)CHO)rarr underset("2- Ethyl -3- hydroxypentanal")(overset(5)CH_(3)overset(4)CH_(2)-overset(OH)overset("3|")"CH"-overset(CH_(2)CH_(3))overset("2|")"CH"overset(1)CHO)`
(iii) Butanal acts as electrophile and propanal as nucleophile.
`underset("(Electrophile)")underset("Butanal")(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)HO)+underset("(Nucleophile)")underset("Propanal")(CH_(3)CH_(2)CHO)rarr underset("3 - Hydroxy - methyhexanal")(overset(6)CH_(3)overset(5)CH_(2)overset(4)CH_(2)-overset(OH)overset("3|")"CH"-overset(CH_(3))overset("2|")"CH"-overset(1)CHO)`
(iv) `underset("(Electrophile)")underset("Butanal")(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)CHO)+underset("(Nucleophile)")underset("Butanal")(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)CHO)rarr underset("2 - Ethyl-2- hydroxyhexanal")(overset(6)CH_(3)overset(5)CH_(2)overset(4)CH_(2)-overset(OH)overset("3|")"CH"-overset(CH_(2)CH_(3))overset("2|")"CH"overset(1)CHO)`


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