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Polyphenol which protect us by abdominal cancer is present in Gram.

Delhi and Kolkata

For landing and taking off aeroplanes.

A. Village Road,

B. District road,

C. State highway,

D. National highway.

Ahmedabad Metro:

Ahmedabad Metro or Metro Link Express for Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad is a mass transit rail system under construction in Gujarat. The project will connect Ahmedabad, GIFT City, airport and Gandhinagar.

Kanpur Metro:

The under-construction Kanpur Metro rail project is a mass transit system in for the city of Kanpur. Lucknow metro team are working on Kanpur metro for three corridors of IIT Kanpur and CSA University.

Nagpur Metro:

Nagpur Metro rapid transit system is an under-construction project with world-class features, solar energy and eco-friendly. Nagpur Metro planning to integrate environmental protection design and technology with the objective of keeping eco friendly.

Noida Metro:

Noida Metro rail services is a 30-km Noida Greater Noida metro link will ready for operations by 2017 December. The Noida metro project will have 1 line which is under construction and 22 stations.

Navi Mumbai Metro:

Navi Mumbai Metro is part of the rapid transit rail system in the Indian city of Navi Mumbai, The system has planned to consist of three rail lines and first line is projected to open in 2017.

Jute was traditionally the most important industrial crop of eastern India. The fibre obtained from the jute plant is rough in texture and uneven making it an ideal raw material for ropes, gunny bags, mats etc. but not for cloth. Its roughness makes it an uncomfortable material for clothing purposes.

It is produced in Ahmadnagar, Nashik, Pune, Sholapur and Ratnagiri.

(d) Uttar Pradesh

Chhattisgarh’s plain area is called ‘the bowl of rice’. The main districts in production are – Bilaspur, Bastar, Sarguja, Raigarh, Dantewara and Narayanpur.

Correct Answer is: (b) 34%

For it, 20°C – 30°C temperature, 100 – 200 cm rainfall and clayey loamy and black soil are suitable.

21°C – 25°C temperature, 50 – 100 cm rainfall and black soil are suitable for its production.

Correct Answer is: (a) Thanjavur

Following regions of Karnataka produce 50% cotton of the state: 

1. Regions of black soil – Salhate, Bellary, Shimoga, Chikmaglur and Chittaldurg districts.

2. Regions of red soil – Daurhatti – Raichur and Dharwar districts.

Hanumangarh district is advanced in Rajasthan which produces 30% cotton of the state.

Kerosene, diesel, petrol, tar coal, etc.

Three; cottage industry, small-scale industry and heavy industry.

Bhilai in Madhya Pradesh, Bukaro in Bihar, Bhadravati in Karnataka and Jamshedpur in Jharkhand.

Industries:

Industries can be classified on the basis of:

(A) Investment,
(B) Number of employees and
(C) Quantity of production.

Classification on the basis of quantity of production:

(I) Cottage industry:

• Industry in which people mainly work from home to produce goods is called cottage industry.
• Investment in such industry is very less.
• For e.g., making incense stick, papad, furniture, pickles, etc.

(II) Small scale industry:

• Such industry consists of a factory, some machinery and some workers.
• Investment in such industry is more than cottage industry.
  For e.g. industries manufacturing toys, plastic goods, etc.

(III) Heavy industry:

• Industry in which huge factory, big machinery and large number of workers are needed and also extremely
• heavy investment is required is called heavy industry.
  For e.g., iron and steel industry, industries producing cars, cement, etc.

Sugar is produced from sugarcane.

Uttar Pradesh produces largest quantity of sugarcane.

Sugar industry is developed in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

Petrochemical industry:

• The industry which separates mineral oil into various components and produces several products, is known as petrochemical industry.
• Mineral oil is obtained from the interior of earth.
• Various components such as petrol, kerosene, diesel, tar coal, etc. are obtained from mineral oil.
• Vadodara, Jamnagar, Mumbai, Vishakhapattnam, Chennai, etc. are important centres of mineral refineries in India.
• Colour and chemical industry is also a part of petrochemical industry.
• Various chemicals such as soda ash, chemicals, colour and dyes, etc. are produced in petrochemical industries.
• Even chemical fertilizers used in agriculture are a part of petrochemical industries.
• Kalol, Vadodara, Sindri, Mumbai, Gorakhpur and Durgapur are important centres of industries of chemical fertilizers.

Airways:

• Airways are the fastest mode of transport for goods and passengers.
• Airports are constructed for landing and taking off aeroplanes.
• International airports that carry goods and people from one country to another are located at Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Thiruvananthapuram.
• Government-owned airlines named ‘Indian Airlines’ provides service for domestic travel and ‘Air India’ provides service for international travel.
• Moreover, several private airlines also operate in India.

(d) All of these 

‘Norman Ernest Borlaug’.

‘Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan’ is the father of Green revolution was introduced in 1960’s.

• Increase in Agricultural production and yield per hectare. 
• Better land use by employing two or three crop pattern. 
• Reduction of imports of food grains. 
• Improves country’s Economic status.

1.M.S.Swaminathan is known as father of green revolution.

2. 70% of the population is engaged in agriculture.

The Demerits of Green Revolution are as follows: 

• Degradation of land due to use of heavy chemical fertilizers. 
• Weeds have increased, due to more crop rotation pattern. 
• Loss of bio-diversity, due to heavy use of pesticides, insecticides and chemical fertilizers. 
• Adding chemicals in ground water, will affects our health.
• Excess use of fertilizers has made the soil infertile and may affect human’s health. 
• Regional disparities. It means Green Revolution has had an impact on some states. But other states are hardly touched. So far Green Revolution has affected only 40% of the cultivate land in India.

Correct Answer is: (a) Assam

In tea production, Assam is at the 1st place in India.

The important stratergies are as noted below:

• High yielding varieties : Which results of short maturing period, double cropping, short stems, resistance to wind damage etc. 
• Use of Irrigation : An assured and regular supply of water to crops not only adds to production but also assures stability in production. 
• Use of chemical fertilizers : The HYV seeds need a heavy dose of fertilizers along with irrigation to give high yield. 
• Use of Insecticides & Pesticides : In order to meet the loss of 10% crop. It requires use of proper doses of insecticides, pesticides & weedicides. 
• Role of Public institutions : The national seeds corporations have to setup to promote services to the farmers. 
• Guaranteed Minimum Prices : Support Price Policy for food grains was adopted in 1964 all over the country. 
• Facilities of agricultural credit: Now Co-operatives, Commercial banks, and regional rural banks extend loans to the farmers on easy terms. 
• Rural electrification : It is very essential in modem agricultural system to lift water by tube well, sprinkler, irrigation etc. 
• Rural roads and Marketing : These are very important to connect the villages to the neighbouring markets and urban centres. 
• Soil testing : Its main purpose is to know what type of fertilizers and seeds will be more fruitful in different regions . 
• Multiple cropping programme : It aims at maximizing production per unit of land and per unit of time by taking two or three crops in a year. 
• Farm of Mechanization : It saves on human labour & Quickens farm operations, there by adding to efficiency & productivity. 
• Agricultural Universities : Engaged in agricultural research and pass on this information to the farmers.

Correct option is (c) Rajasthan

Its aim is to make agricultural land bigger by integrating the scattered holdings. Thus, it is easy to irrigate and to look after the fields.

(d) Increasing pressure of population on land

Nature has imparted India excellent geographical conditions, plain land, fertile soil, sufficient water supply and monsoon climate which has made India special in agriculture sector.

Main types of Indian agriculture are – Primitive intensive agriculture, wet and dry agriculture, intensive and extensive agriculture, commercial agriculture and organic agriculture.

Comprehensive land development programme included both institutional and technical reforms. 

Following reforms were introduced: 

(a) Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease. 

(b) Establishment of Grameen Banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest were some important steps in this direction. 

(c) Kissan Credit Card (KCC) was introduced for easy availability of inputs. 

(d) Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) was introduced by the Government of India for the benefit of the farmers. 

(e) Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on the radio and television. 

(f) The government also announced minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops to check the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen.

At present, in the world, this farming is being done on almost 3.7 crore hectare land, which is 9% of total agricultural land of the world.

Correct Answer is : (b) 54.6%

40.5% total area of India.

Due to population growth, and growing trend of individual family land is divided (from generation to generation), consequently the size of agricultural holdings is getting smaller.

(i) Land reforms: Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari.

(ii) Agricultural reforms: Green revolution and White revolution.

(iii) Land development programmes: Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, etc., establishment of Grameen banks, Cooperative societies and banks for providing loans.

(iv) Issuing of Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme, etc.

(v) Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers on radio and TV.

(vi) Government announces Minimum Support Price (MSP) and remunerative and procurement prices to clreck exploitation.

(vii) The government provides HYV seeds and fertilisers.

(viii) Government provides technical assistance and training for farmers.

(ix) Soil testing facilities, cold storage and transportation facilities are provided by government for farmers.

 Agriculture is considered to be the backbone of Indian economy. However, agriculture in India suffers from various problems. Dependency of farmers on rainfall, their exploitation by the middlemen, exorbitant rates of interest charged by the moneylenders, use of old aged weapons are some of the problems from which the Indian agriculture suffers. In order to improve the condition of farmers and farming, some reforms were introduced by the government of India. 

These are

(i)Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease. 

(ii)Establishment of Grameen banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest.

(iii)Kissan Credit Card (KCC), Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) schemes is introduced by the Government of India for the benefit of the farmers.

(iv)Moreover, special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers have been introduced on the radio and television.

(v)The government had also announced minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops to check the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen.

Agriculture is the basis of Indian economy. 

Its importance can be clarified in the following ways: 

1. Providing most sources of employment. 

2. Major source of raw material for industries. 

3. Major source of national income. 

4. Providing foreign currency. 

5. Major source of nutritive substances. 

6. Development of transportation etc.

(i) More and more land is used for construction of factories, warehouses and shelters which have reduced the land under cultivation.

(ii) Soil gets degraded by the use of pesticides, fertilizers, over irrigation, etc., which leads to water logging and salinity.

(iii) Today Indian farmers are facing a big challenge from international competition.

(iv) Our government is reducing the public investment in agriculture, subsidy on fertilizers have decreased.

(v) Reduction in import duties on agricultural products have proved detrimental to agriculture in the country.

Indian agriculture plays important role in providing food grains, raw material to industries, source to national income, earning of foreign currency, production of nutritious products and development in transportation. So Indian agriculture is given much importance.

(i) Land reforms: Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari.

(ii) Agricultural reforms: Green revolution and White revolution.

(iii) Land development programmes: Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, etc., establishment of Grameen banks, Cooperative societies and banks for providing loans.

(iv) Issuing of Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme, etc.

(v) Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers on radio and TV.

(vi) Government announces Minimum Support Price (MSP) and remunerative and procurement prices to clreck exploitation.

(vii) The government provides HYV seeds and fertilisers.

(viii) Government provides technical assistance and training for farmers.

(ix) Soil testing facilities, cold storage and transportation facilities are provided by government for farmers.

(i) Agriculture is the mainstay of Indian economy because about 67% of our population depends directly or indirectly on agriculture.

(ii) It provides raw materials to the industries.

(iii) India earns foreign exchange by exporting agricultural products.

(iv) It contributes about 29% to the gross domestic product.

(v) It provides food to over 1,027 million population.

(i) Agriculture is the mainstay of Indian economy because about 67% of our population depends directly or indirectly on agriculture.

(ii) It provides raw materials to the industries.

(iii) India earns foreign exchange by exporting agricultural products.

(iv) It contributes about 29% to the gross domestic product.

(v) It provides food to over 1,027 million population.

Agriculture provides good employment opportunities which contributes to the increase in national income level. This also improves people's living standards. 

Steps taken by government:

(1) Research centres like Indian Council of Agriculture Research have been set up by the government

(2) To modernize agriculture different agricultural universities have been started.

(3) Breeding centres for animals are opened.