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Correct choice is (d) National parks

The best I can explain: National park is the odd ONE out since it is an APPROACH of in-situ conservation while the rest is USED for ex-situ conservation. The on-site or the protection and conservation of species (genetic RESOURCES) in their natural habitat (populations of plant or animal species) is called in-situ conservation.

The correct choice is (B) Cryopreservation techniques

The best explanation: The TECHNIQUE by which the gametes, organelles, cells, tissues, or any other biological construct is preserved by cooling the SAMPLES to very low temperatures such that they remain in viable and fertile conditions for long periods is known as cryopreservation. It is USED for the conservation of the threatened SPECIES.

The correct answer is (c) 448

To elaborate: A protected area in which HUMAN ACTIVITIES like harvesting and collecting minor forest products are allowed such that they do not interfere with the well-being of animals and only the animals are conserved is known as the wildlife sanctuaries. INDIA consists of 448 wildlife sanctuaries including MUDUMALAI Wildlife Sanctuary, Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary, Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary, ETC.

The correct answer is (b) 90

To explain: A reserved area where activities like forestry, grazing, or cultivation are not allowed for the betterment of the wildlife. INDIA consists of 90 NATIONAL parks including GIR National Park, SILENT Valley National Park, Corbett National Park, Kanger Ghati National Park, etc.

Correct OPTION is (c) 14

Easiest explanation: BIOSPHERE reserves are the protected geographical areas where along with flora and fauna human population also forms a part of the system. In all, there are 14 biosphere reserves in India. NANDA DEVI, Manas, Panchmarhi are few examples of biosphere reserves.

Right option is (c) Western Ghats

To explain I WOULD SAY: The Western Ghats is the odd ONE from others. The Western Ghats are the BIODIVERSITY hotspots having EXCEPTIONALLY high biodiversity.

Right answer is (d) 34

To explain I WOULD say: A biogeographic region with significant levels of biodiversity having a large NUMBER of endemic species that are threatened by human HABITATION is known as biodiversity HOTSPOTS. In all, there are 34 biodiversity hotspots PRESENT throughout the world.

Right choice is (b) ENDEMIC

Explanation: ENDEMISM is the ecological state of the species being confined to a particular REGION or only in one geographic region and not found anywhere else. Such species are known as endemic species. Some examples are Asiatic lion, PURPLE frog, Sangai DEER, Sapria Himalayana, etc.

The CORRECT answer is (c) Ex-situ conservation

Best explanation: The off-site or the protection and conservation of species (genetic resources) OUTSIDE their NATURAL habitat (populations of plant or animal species) is known as ex-situ conservation. It is the approach in which we protect and conserve the animals that need urgent MEASURES to save it from extinction.

Correct ANSWER is (d) In-situ CONSERVATION

For explanation: The on-site or the protection and conservation of species (genetic RESOURCES) in their natural habitat (populations of plant or animal species) is CALLED in-situ conservation. In this, we conserve and protect the WHOLE ecosystem for the protection of endangered species.

Correct answer is (B) Ex-situ conservation

To ELABORATE: The off-site or the PROTECTION and conservation of species (genetic resources) outside their natural habitat (POPULATIONS of plant or animal species) is KNOWN as ex-situ conservation. Areas such as botanical gardens, zoos, Gene banks, Tissue culture banks are the places were ex-situ conservation is done.

Correct choice is (a) In-situ conservation

The EXPLANATION: The on-site or the protection and conservation of species (genetic resources) in their natural habitat (populations of plant or animal species) is called in-situ conservation. Areas such as biosphere reserves, national parks, and WILDLIFE sanctuaries are the places were in-situ conservation is DONE.

Right option is (b) Loss of flora and fauna

For EXPLANATION: Urbanization MEANS the increasing number of people that live in urban areas due to shifting from rural areas to urban areas. It affects the population density and LEADS to more loss of flora and fauna since more space for residence is OCCUPIED by humans.

Correct ANSWER is (d) Complete use of natural resources

Best explanation: The materials or substances occurring in NATURE that EXIST without the actions of HUMANKIND are known as natural resources. These resources can be conserved by using them wisely.

Right option is (b) 20 %

To ELABORATE: The AMAZON rainforest is the world’s largest TROPICAL rainforest and is also known as the Amazon Jungle or Amazonia. Approximately 20 percent of the total oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere is released by the Amazon forest by the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

Correct ANSWER is (c) Bioprospecting

To explain: Exploring molecular, genetic, and species-level diversity or the search for plant and ANIMAL species for products of economic importance such as MEDICINAL drugs and other COMMERCIALLY valuable compounds is known as bioprospecting. The compounds explored are used in various fields such as academic, agriculture, bioremediation, pharmaceuticals, nanotechnology, industrial purposes, etc.

The correct ANSWER is (b) BROADLY utilitarian

For explanation: The biodiversity is important for many ECOSYSTEM SERVICES that nature provides is stated by the broadly utilitarian argument. It involves the conservation of biodiversity by humans because it is their moral RESPONSIBILITY and they derive many benefits from nature.

Right option is (C) 25 %

Easy explanation: Almost 25 percent of plant species are used for the production of the DRUGS CURRENTLY sold in the market WORLDWIDE. Some plants used for the production of drugs are CAMPHOR tree, coca plant, poppy, turmeric, etc.

The correct option is (d) 25,000

Explanation: The species of plants contribute to the traditional medicines used by native PEOPLES around the world are approximately 25,000. Some examples of traditional plants used for medicinal PURPOSES are ginger, garlic, CHAMOMILE, tulsi, ETC.

Right option is (c) NARROWLY utilitarian

The best I can EXPLAIN: The humans derive COUNTLESS direct ECONOMIC benefits from nature is stated by the narrowly utilitarian argument. All the world commercial things PROVIDED to us by forests are included in this. It usually deals with the benefit of humans.

Right option is (b) Rare

To EXPLAIN I would say: Those species called whose members are few and live in a small GEOGRAPHICAL area and are very uncommon, scarce, or infrequently encountered are known as rare species.Some examples of rare species are Malabar GIANT Squirrel, Gee’s Golden Langur, Dugong, INDIAN Giant Flying Squirrel, etc.

Right choice is (d) Indeterminate

For explanation I would say: The species called whose MEMBERS are in danger of extinction but the reason is unknown, no enough information is available to decide their TRUE NATURE are called indeterminate species. Some examples of intermediate species are Short-eared rabbit of Sumatra, Three-banded armadillo of BRAZIL, RHINOCEROS, etc.

Correct choice is (c) Vulnerable

The best I can explain: Those SPECIES whose number of individuals is greatly reduced RECENTLY and is decreasing CONTINUOUSLY and are at a HIGH risk of ENDANGERMENT in the wild are known as vulnerable species. Some examples of vulnerable species are Barasingha, Nilgiri Langur, Yak, Olive Ridley Turtle, Sloth bear, etc.

Correct option is (d) Endangered

The explanation: Those species whose number of INDIVIDUALS is greatly REDUCED to a critical level and are at a high RISK of extinction in the wild are known as endangered species. Some examples of endangered species are Brown spider monkey, Bengal TIGER, Ganga river dolphin, Indian Rhino, Black buck, ETC.

Right ANSWER is (a) Maintaining the ecological processes

To explain I would say: The materials or SUBSTANCES (biotic and abiotic) occurring naturally and without the actions of HUMANKIND are known as NATURAL resources. The conservation of natural resources is important for the preservation of biological diversity and maintaining ecological processes.

Correct ANSWER is (b) International Union for Conservation of Nature

To explain: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) was FOUNDED on 5 October 1948 in France by Julian HUXLEY. It is working in the field of conservation of nature and sustainable use of natural resources.

The CORRECT option is (b) Preserve the biological diversity

Easiest explanation: The materials or substances occurring in nature that exist WITHOUT the actions of humankind are KNOWN as natural RESOURCES. The conservation of natural resources is IMPORTANT for the preservation of natural, biological diversity.

The correct ANSWER is (a) Co-extinction

Explanation: The coevolved plant-pollinator mutualism EXPLAINS the phenomenon of co-extinction. Co-extinction is the phenomenon that TELLS, when a species BECOMES extinct, the plant and animal species ALSO become extinct that are obligatorily associated with the host species.

Right option is (d) Co-extinction

Easy explanation: Co-extinction is the phenomenon that tells, when a SPECIES BECOMES extinct, the PLANT and ANIMAL species also become extinct that are obligatorily associated with the host species. If a host is extinct the parasite associated with it is also extinct.

Right choice is (c) WATER hyacinth

The EXPLANATION: Eichhornia crassipes also KNOWN as water hyacinth. It was FIRST introduced from South America into China that later on became a serious environmental problem. It reduces the sunlight penetration and lowers the oxygen CONTENT in the water that hampers the water ecosystem.

Correct choice is (b) Aquaculture

The best explanation: The African CATFISH Clarias gariepinus was INTRODUCED for aquaculture purposes. The introduction was illegal and posed a threat to the indigenous catfishes in our RIVERS DUE to disease introduction, competition, and ENVIRONMENTAL modification.

Right choice is (b) The carrot grass

Easy explanation: The carrot grass also known as Parthenium is an erect and annual herb. It is responsible for environmental, medical, and agricultural HAZARDS. It contains chemicals LIKE PARTHENIN, is TOXIC to cattle and causes pollen allergy in HUMANS.

Right CHOICE is (c) Extinction of cichlid FISH

The best I can explain: The cichlid fish, native of LAKE Victoria in east Africa were extinct due to the INTRODUCTION of alien species that is the Nile perch. It destroyed NEARLY 200 species of cichlid fish through predation and competition for food.

Correct answer is (d) They turn invasive and cause decline or extinction of INDIGENOUS species

Explanation: The unintentional or deliberate introduction of alien (NEW) species into a habitat cause the aliens to turn invasive and thus causing the decline or extinction of indigenous species. They can affect all types of ORGANISMS (ANIMALS, plants, fungi, and microorganisms) and ECOSYSTEMS.

Correct answer is (c) HUMAN activities

The best explanation: The excess and unsustainable use of RESOURCES is KNOWN as over-exploitation. MANY species such as the Steller’s sea cow and the passenger pigeon are lost in last 500 years due to human activities such as poaching.

Right choice is (d) Over-exploitation

To explain I would SAY: The EXCESS and unsustainable use of resources is known as over-exploitation. It is also known as overharvesting. Overexploitation of any kind of resource leads to RAPID decline and DESTRUCTION of that resource that MAY cause serious damage to the ecosystem.

Correct answer is (b) MIGRATORY species

The EXPLANATION is: When a large habitat is broken up into small fragments due to various HUMAN activities, the migratory species are badly affected. These AREAS are fragmented by humans for agriculture and urban DEVELOPMENT.

Correct option is (b) 14 %

To explain: The forests occurring in TROPICAL areas of heavy rainfall are known as tropical rain forests. It has ABUNDANT SPECIES of WILDLIFE and vegetation. Previously 14 percent of the EARTH’s land surface was covered by the tropical rain forests.

The correct answer is (a) Loss of habitat and fragmentation

To EXPLAIN: The most important reason for the extinction of animals and plants is the loss of habitat and fragmentation. Habitat loss DUE to destruction, fragmentation, or degradation of habitat makes natural habitat incapable of supporting its native SPECIES.

The correct option is (b) The decrease in the number of species

For explanation I would say: ‘The Evil Quartet’ is the sobriquet used to describe the REASONS for the decline in the number of species. The four reasons INCLUDE Loss of habitat and fragmentation, Over-exploitation of species, Invasion of ALIEN (NEW) species and Co-extinctions.

Right answer is (d) 5

The best explanation: The Earth went through five episodes of MASS extinction of SPECIES since the origin and diversification of LIFE (>3 BILLION years). Every mass extinction has led to more than 80% loss of species on Earth.

The correct choice is (b) 15,500

The explanation is: The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) GIVES the Red LIST. ACCORDING to the IUCN Red List, more than 15,500 species are facing the THREAT of extinction worldwide.

Right choice is (c) 27

The best EXPLANATION: Various human ACTIVITIES are responsible for the rapid decline in the biological wealth of our planet. Approximately 27 different species of organisms have been extinct in the last TWENTY YEARS.

Correct OPTION is (d) Quagga

Explanation: Quagga a native animal of South Africa BECAME extinct LATE in the 19th century. It was a SUBSPECIES of plains zebra. It became extinct due to mass killings by humans for meat and their skins.

The correct choice is (c) THYLACINE

The explanation: Thylacine a native ANIMAL of Australia Africa became extinct AROUND 1933. It was the largest known carnivorous marsupial. It became extinct due to mass killings by HUMANS and direct competition with ONE another animal called the dingo.

Correct option is (b) Steller’s Sea Cow

Explanation: Steller’s Sea Cow a NATIVE animal of RUSSIA became extinct around 1741. It was more in NUMBER during the PLEISTOCENE EPOCH. It became extinct due to mass killings by humans for fur trades, seal hunters, and subcutaneous fat.