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Correct answer is (c) Dodo

The best I can explain: Dodo a NATIVE flightless bird of (Mauritius) is an example of recent extinction. All the 3 SPECIES of dodos were extinct by 1790. It became extinct DUE to MASS killings by HUMANS.

Correct ANSWER is (d) 87

Explanation: ACCORDING to the IUCN Red List (2004) documents, 784 species have extinct in the last 500 years. Out of these 87 plant species have become extinct.

Right option is (b) 359

For explanation: The Red list is given by The International Union for Conservation of NATURE (IUCN) in 2004 states that 784 species have extinct in the last 500 years. Out of this 359 INVERTEBRATE species have become extinct.

The correct choice is (c) 338

Explanation: The Red list is given by The INTERNATIONAL Union for CONSERVATION of Nature (IUCN). Almost 784 SPECIES have extinct in the LAST 500 years, according to the IUCN Red List (2004) documents. Out of this 338 vertebrate species have become extinct.

Right choice is (d) 784

The best explanation: The International Union for CONSERVATION of Nature (IUCN) gives the Red LIST. According to the IUCN Red List (2004) documents, 784 species have EXTINCT in the last 500 years. It includes various vertebrates, invertebrates and plant species.

The CORRECT option is (b) IUCN

To EXPLAIN I would say: The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) gives the RED list. It documents the THREATENED SPECIES. On the basis of these documents, the extinct species can be known.

The CORRECT option is (b) Human ACTIVITIES

For explanation I WOULD SAY: Various human activities are responsible for the rapid decline in the biological wealth of our PLANET. This is the result of various human activities such as excessive use of fossil fuels, deforestation, poaching, pollution, etc.

The correct answer is (b) SERIOUS threat to the safety of the ecosystem

Easiest explanation: An ecosystem consists of biotic and ABIOTIC components that interact within a system. If there is an increase in the number of FROG species, the prey (food that frogs eat) might become EXTINCT and so will the other prey-predator species CAUSING serious harm to the safety of the ecosystem.

Right option is (d) Ecosystem is damaged

The BEST I can explain: An ecosystem CONSISTS of biotic and abiotic components that interact WITHIN a system. The Western Ghats ecosystems are the biodiversity-rich regions. If they become less functional, it will cause DAMAGE to the ecosystem leading to the extinction of many important SPECIES.

The correct answer is (d) Rivet POPPER hypothesis

To elaborate: Paul Ehrlich, a Stanford ecologist gave the ‘Rivet popper hypothesis’. It states that an ecosystem is JOINED by thousands of species and if a problem occurs LEADING to the extinction of few species, it MAY not affect the ecosystem initially but as more and more species are removed, the ecosystem becomes weak. This will hamper the survival of living species to a greater extent.

Right choice is (c) SERIOUS threat to the safety of the ecosystem

The best explanation: An ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic components that interact within a system. If there is a decrease in the number of bird species, the prey (FOOD that birds eat) and PREDATOR (ANIMALS eating those specific birds) both will be affected causing serious harm to the safety of the ecosystem.

Correct option is (B) Serious threat to the safety of the ecosystem

The explanation is: An ecosystem consists of BIOTIC and abiotic components that interact within a system. The components are LINKED together with various nutrient cycles and energy flows. The ecosystem might become unsafe and will collapse if the KEY species that drive major ecosystem FUNCTIONS are lost.

Right option is (C) Species

The explanation: Paul Ehrlich, a Stanford ecologist gave the ‘Rivet POPPER HYPOTHESIS’. In this hypothesis, he CONSIDERED species as a rivet. This hypothesis provides a perspective on what might happen if a few species of the PLANET are extinct.

The correct option is (c) Paul Ehrlich

To EXPLAIN: Paul Ehrlich, a Stanford ECOLOGIST gave the ‘Rivet popper hypothesis’. This hypothesis provides a PERSPECTIVE on what might HAPPEN if a few species of the planet are extinct.

The correct choice is (b) Resistant to INVASIONS by ALIEN species

The explanation: Resistant to invasions by alien species is a feature of a stable community. It is a GROUP of people who SHARE the same place or live WITHIN the same area. A group of populations is known as a community.

The CORRECT answer is (d) Survival of the HUMAN race

Best explanation: Biodiversity is the variety and variability of all the levels of biological organization (plant and animal life) on Earth. Throughout the WORLD, the diversity of plants and animals is not a UNIFORM that is uneven distribution is observed. Rich biodiversity is ESSENTIAL for the survival of the human race.

The correct choice is (c) Increased diversity contributed to higher PRODUCTIVITY

To elaborate: George David Tilman is an American ecologist. He PERFORMED long-term ecosystem EXPERIMENTS using outdoor PLOTS. Through his plots, he provided some tentative ANSWERS such as increased diversity contributed to higher productivity.

The correct choice is (a) 0.1 to 0.2

Easy explanation: According to ecologists, the VALUE of Z ranges from 0.1 to 0.2. It is regardless of the taxonomic region or group and the slopes of the regression LINE are MOSTLY SIMILAR.

Correct choice is (b) log C + Z log A =log S

Easy EXPLANATION: On a logarithmic scale, S = CA^z is DESCRIBED as log S = log C + Z log A. Here S = Species richness, A = Area explored, Z = SLOPE of the LINE (regression coefficient), and C = Y-intercept.

The correct CHOICE is (b) ALEXANDER von Humboldt

Best explanation: Alexander von Humboldt a German naturalist and GEOGRAPHER explored the South American JUNGLES. Through his observations, he concluded that with the increasing explored area, the species diversification increased. But this increase in diversity of species was seen only up to a limit.

Right option is (d) Solar

Best explanation: The solar energy contributes to HIGHER productivity in the TROPICAL regions. This LEADS to more FOOD production that in turn leads to specialization in the niche and leads to a GREATER diversification of species.

Correct option is (c) Tropical environments

Best EXPLANATION: The LESS seasonal, more CONSTANT and predictable environments are the tropical environments. Due to such ENVIRONMENTAL consistency, they promote specialization in the niche and LEAD to a greater diversification of species.

Correct option is (d) Amazonian rain FOREST

Easy explanation: The tropical Amazonian rain forest situated in South America has maximum BIODIVERSITY on EARTH. Situated in the tropical region, it is HOME for 378 of reptiles, 427 of amphibians and mammals, 1,300 birds, 3,000 of fishes, 40,000 PLANTS and 1,25,000 invertebrates species.

Right CHOICE is (d) 1,400

The best explanation: Colombia that is LOCATED near the equator harbors 1,400 species of birds. Columbia is a country located in South Carolina, USA. It is the second most mega-diverse country in the WORLD, ranking FIRST in bird species.

Right OPTION is (b) Decreases

To EXPLAIN I would say: The diversity observed at the species level is known as the species diversity. It is the number and abundance of each species in a particular area. A DECREASE in the diversity of species is observed while moving from the equator towards the POLES.

Correct ANSWER is (a) 3,00,000

The best explanation: Robert McCredie May estimated that there are almost 7 MILLION species globally. CONSIDERING May’s global estimates and applying this proportion to India’s DIVERSITY figures, we can SAY that there are more than 3,00,000 animal species yet to be discovered and described in India.

Correct option is (d) 1,00,000

Easy EXPLANATION: Robert McCredie MAY estimated that there are almost 7 million species globally. Considering May’s global estimates and applying this PROPORTION to India’s diversity figures, we can say that there are more than 1,00,000 PLANT species yet to be discovered and described in India.

Right answer is (b) 22 percent

For explanation I would say: Robert McCredie May is a theoretical ecologist and promoter of SCIENCE. He estimated that there are almost 7 million species GLOBALLY. CONSIDERING May’s GLOBAL estimates, only 22 percent of the total species have been recorded.

The correct answer is (b) Sloth BEAR

Explanation: Out of the total global species diversity, India contributes 8.1 percent. Out of this sloth bear is FOUND in India, while rest others are MARSUPIALS that are MOSTLY found in Australia.

The correct option is (C) 2.4 percent

To explain: Of the entire world’s land AREA, India has 2.4 percent. India with a total area of 3,287,263 square kilometers that is 1,269,219 square MILES is said to be the seventh-largest COUNTRY in the world.

Right answer is (d) Lichens

To explain I would SAY: The mutualistic RELATIONSHIP between a FUNGUS and photosynthesizing algae is CALLED lichens. Of all the plant species recorded, lichens have the minimum number of species. They are used in the food industry, making dyes and have medicinal USE.

The correct choice is (C) Fishes

For explanation I would say: Fishes are LIMBLESS cold-blooded vertebrate gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals. They commonly have fins and are covered with SCALES. Of all the vertebrate species recorded, fishes have the MAXIMUM number of species.

Correct choice is (d) Insects

The BEST I can EXPLAIN: Among animals, insects are said to be the most SPECIES-rich taxonomic group. Insects are HEXAPOD invertebrates belonging to phylum Arthropoda. Out of all known animal species, 70 percent is comprised of insects.

The CORRECT ANSWER is (b) 70 %

EASY explanation: AMONG animals, insects are said to be the most species-rich taxonomic group. Insects are hexapod invertebrates belonging to PHYLUM Arthropoda. Out of all known animal species, 70 percent is comprised of insects.

The correct option is (c) 22 %

For EXPLANATION: Based on the currently available species inventories of Earth, out of all species recorded, almost 22 percent of species are of plants. These INCLUDE all the KNOWN species of (including algae, FUNGI, bryophytes, gymnosperms, and ANGIOSPERMS.

Correct OPTION is (d) 70 %

Explanation: Based on the currently available species inventories of Earth, out of all species RECORDED, more than 70 PERCENT of species are of animals. Animals are the consumers that depend on PRODUCERS for their energy requirements.

The correct CHOICE is (b) 7 million

Explanation: Robert McCredie MAY is a theoretical ecologist and promoter of SCIENCE. He ESTIMATED that there are almost 7 million species globally.

The CORRECT option is (a) 1.5 MILLION

The BEST I can explain: The biosphere of EARTH is heterogeneous in nature and shows immense DIVERSITY. There are more than slightly more than 1.5 million species known and still many species are yet to be discovered and described.

Correct option is (b) International Union for Conservation of Nature

To explain I would say: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) was founded on 5 October 1948 in France by JULIAN HUXLEY. It is working in the field of conservation of nature and sustainable USE of natural RESOURCES.

The CORRECT option is (d) Millions

To explain: EVOLUTION is the result of the PROCESS of slow and gradual changes in millions of years. As evolution PROCEEDS, organisms become more and more complex. The complexity of organisms can be given by studying VARIOUS processes of biological organization.

The correct option is (b) Ecological diversity

The explanation is: Ecological diversity is one of the IMPORTANT FEATURES of the BIOSPHERE. It deals with the variations in ecosystems and their overall IMPACT on human existence and the environment within a geographical area.

Right option is (C) Amphibians

Explanation: Amphibians have more species diversity in the Western Ghats than the Eastern Ghats. A chain of mountains running parallel to INDIA’s western coast (Sahyadri) and the mountain ranges RUN parallel to the Bay of Bengal are the western and eastern ghats respectively.