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Right ANSWER is (b) False

The best I can EXPLAIN: The branch involved in the study of Fungi is called Mycology. Mycologists are those who study fungi in detail. Fungal infections are SCIENTIFICALLY termed as MYCOSIS or Mycoses (PLURAL).

Right CHOICE is (a) True

To explain I would say: Mushroom consists of STEM, cap and spores at the BOTTOM of the cap. Spores are the MAIN mode of reproduction in MUSHROOMS. The following figure describes the parts in a mushroom.

Correct option is (C) single set of CHROMOSOMES

The EXPLANATION is: Diploid cell refers to the cells with two set of chromosomes. HAPLOID cells refer to the cells that have only a single set of chromosomes. The number of chromosomes in a haploid cell is half that of a diploid cell. Germ cells are haploid.

Correct ANSWER is (b) False

The best I can explain: Protozoans are animal like protists because they are mobile and are predators. Protozoans comprise of AMOEBOIDS, flagellated PROTOZANS, CILIATED protozoans and sporozoans.

Right option is (B) Chrysophytes

The best explanation: Chrysophytes are found in aquatic habitats. They are present in fresh WATER as well as marine. Chrysophytes Are microscopic in nature and FLOAT in water CURRENTS like planktons.

Right option is (b) In 2 kingdom classification, all the fungi and algae are forcefully made to join Animalia

The explanation is: Whittaker’s classification MANAGED to CONSIDER cell structure, NATURE of the cell wall, mode of NUTRITION and method of reproduction. In 2 kingdom classification, all the fungi and algae are forcefully made to join Plantae. Whittaker’s classification is POLYPHYLETIC and so failed to group similar organism under the same kingdom. Whittaker’s classification didn’t include viruses.

Correct answer is (a) Size

Easy explanation: Aristotle classified plants BASED on their size into herbs (Wheat, Paddy, etc.), shrubs (ROSE, Jasmine, etc.) and TREES (Banyan, Banana, etc.). He classified ANIMALS based on their blood.

Right OPTION is (b) SLIME molds are immobile

To explain: Slime molds are motile and this is the MAJOR DIFFERENCE between molds and slime molds. Mushrooms are edible and are grown in rainy season. Yeasts are sometimes found multi-cellular by formation of hyphae. Yeast doesn’t need SUNLIGHT to grow.

Right answer is (c) co-existence of coral reef with zooxanthellae

Best EXPLANATION: Lichens are the co-existence of blue green algae with fungi. Fungus protects the algae from sun LIGHT. In turn algae PROVIDE nutrition for fungus since fungus cannot prepare its own food due to ABSENCE of CHLOROPHYLL.

The CORRECT option is (b) Penicillium

To EXPLAIN I would say: Pencillium is used in preparation of anti-biotic called PENICILLIN. Penicillin was first discovered by Alexander Flemming during Second WORLD War and was a profounding discovery that saved the lives of many soldiers during WW-II.

Correct answer is (a) True

Best explanation: All protozoans are EITHER parasitic or PREDATORS. They depend on other animals for their food. They don’t contain chlorophyll and so can’t PREPARE their own food. This is why protozoans are considered as animal LIKE protists.

Correct choice is (c) Coloration of water due to rapid multiplication of red DIANOFLAGELLATES

Explanation: Red TIDE is the coloration of water due to very rapid multiplication of red dianoflagellates. Chemicals RELEASED due to this rapid growth are harmful for AQUATIC life.

Right CHOICE is (d) Sexual REPRODUCTION and ASEXUAL reproduction

Explanation: Bacteria reproduce either by asexual reproduction or sometimes adopt sexual mode of reproduction. In sexual reproduction they MAINLY adopt conjugation in which DNA transfer takes place from one BACTERIUM to other. In asexual reproduction they undergo binary fission.

Correct choice is (C) two flagella with lone being LONGITUDINAL and other being transversal

Explanation: Dianoflagellates CONTAIN two flagella with lone being longitudinal and other being transversal. These two flagella HELP them for their movement and ROTATION.

The correct option is (b) False

Explanation: Yeast belongs to the division of ASCOMYCETES. Yeast is a unicellular eukaryotic fungus. All Ascomycetes are multi-cellular eukaryotic FUNGI except Yeast. Other familiar examples of Ascomycetes include Yeast, ASPERGILLUS, PENCILLIUM and Neurospora etc.

The correct option is (a) SPOROZOANS

Explanation: Sporozoans are non-mobile and therefore don’t have cilia. They are mostly parasitic and depend on HOST to meet their food requirements. They reproduce by SPORE formation.

The CORRECT option is (a) MONERA

Easy explanation: In eukaryotes, all the cell organelles are separated by a membrane. This membrane is absent in PROKARYOTES. Whittaker classified all the prokaryotes under the kingdom Monera. So, nuclear membrane is absent in Monera.

The correct CHOICE is (d) Slime moulds

Easy explanation: Slime moulds are considered to be fungus like protists SINCE they grow in moulds and reproduce using spores. But there are many differences between Slime moulds and fungi. Unlike fungi, slime moulds LACK CHITIN in their cell wall and are mobile.

Correct OPTION is (C) Zygospores are formed DUE to isogamous fertilization and zoospores are formed due to anisogamous fertilization

The best explanation: Zygospores are formed either due to isogamous or anisogamous fertilization. Zoospores and APLANOSPORES are motile and non-motile spores produced due to asexual mode respectively. Phycomycetes are aseptate fungi and are coenocytic. Phycomycetes are also called as algal fungi or conjugation fungi.

Right choice is (a) sharing of common cytoplasm

Easiest explanation: The word “coeno” MEANS common and “cytic” means cytoplasm. Therefore the word “coenocytic” means sharing of common cytoplasm. ASEPTATE FUNGI have MULTIPLE nuclei in a common cytoplasm.

Correct option is (C) 2 and 78 respectively

Best explanation: After one budding cycle, number of fertile and BARREN yeasts are 1 and 1 respectively. After two budding cycles, number of fertile and barren yeasts are 1 and 2 respectively. After n budding cycles, number of fertile and barren yeasts would be 1 and n respectively.

Therefore, after 78 hours number of budding cycles = 78/2 = 39

Since, N0 = 2, after 78 hours number of fertile and barren yeasts are 2 and 78 respectively.

Right option is (c) ORGANIC compounds

Easiest explanation: Organic compounds are the main source of energy for yeast. They ACQUIRE energy from glucose, sucrose and SOMETIMES even from DISACCHARIDES LIKE maltose and galactose.

The CORRECT ANSWER is (a) Protozoans

Easiest explanation: SINCE, Protozoans are MOBILE and can INGEST food into their body they resemble animals. Some of the protozoans follow holozoic nutrition like that of animals. Therefore, Protozoans are animal like protists.

The correct option is (c) Multi-cellular organism

The explanation is: Plantae consists of Eukaryotes that are multi-cellular and autotrophic i.e. all the ORGANISMS in Plantae have multiple cells that contain MEMBRANOUS cell ORGANELLES and also can prepare their own FOOD.

Right answer is (b) False

To explain: BASIDIOMYCETES don’t have asexual spores. Sexual spores in Basidiomycetes are called as BASIDIOSPORES and are produced exogenously on BASIDIUM in fruiting BODIES called Basidiocarps.

The correct option is (a) True

Explanation: Whittaker classified organism into 5 kingdoms based on their cell structure, MODE of nutrition, METHOD of reproduction and evolutionary relations namely, MONERA, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and ANIMALIA.

The correct answer is (B) 5 × 2^96

Easy EXPLANATION: After 144 hours, NUMBER of budding CYCLES = 144 × 60/90 = 96 cycles.

Population after ‘n’ budding cycles = N0×2^n.

Population after 96 cycles = 5 × 2^96.

Right CHOICE is (a) True

To explain: Viruses at any COST don’t contain both RNA and DNA. Animal viruses contain either single/double stranded RIBONUCLEIC ACID or double stranded DEOXY ribonucleic acid.

The correct ANSWER is (B) Yeast

The explanation is: Yeast is used in BREWING of beer. Yeast helps in the fermentation of Beer and WINE. Fermentation is the PROCESS in which yeast turns wheat into alcohol and CO2.

Right ANSWER is (b) CONJUGATION fungi

Explanation: Phycomycetes are ALSO called as Conjugation fungi. Because, phycomycetes can reproduce USING dissimilar gametes i.e. ANISOGAMOUS fertilization can take place and hence came the name conjugation fungi.

Correct choice is (c) 2 Kingdoms

The best I can EXPLAIN: Aristotle’s classification contained two kingdoms i.e. PLANTS and Animals. Plants are sub-divided into herbs, SHRUBS and TREE. Animals are further sub-divided into red blooded and non- red blooded animals.

Right OPTION is (a) GONYAULAX

Best explanation: Red tide is the coloration of water due to very RAPID multiplication of red dianoflagellates like Gonyaulax. Chemicals released due to this rapid GROWTH are harmful for aquatic life.

Right CHOICE is (c) Penicillium notatum

For explanation I would say: Penicillin was first discovered from Penicillium notatum. Penicillium notatum is fungus belonging to the DIVISION of Ascomycetes and family of Penicillium. TODAY, Penicillium chrysogenum plays a vital ROLE in the preparation of Penicillin.

Correct option is (a) Mycelium in Ascomycetes is septate and coenocytic

To explain: Mycelium in Ascomycetes are septate and BRANCHED but not coenocytic. Ascomycetes are also CALLED Sac fungi. Asexual spores in Ascomycetes are called as Conidia and are produced exogenously by conidiocarps. Sexual spores in Ascomycetes are called as ASCOSPORES and are produced endogenously by ASCOCARPS.

The correct OPTION is (c) DEAD and DECAY mater

For explanation I would say: SLIME moulds grow on dead and decay MATTER. Under favorable conditions, they aggregate to form plasmodium which grows and spreads across several feet. If the conditions weren’t favorable they form a food bearing spores at their tips which are extremely resistant and get dispersed by air currents.

Correct ANSWER is (a) PHYCOMYCETES

The explanation: Rhizopus also CALLED as bread mold belongs to Phycomycetes or conjugation fungi. Other WELL known examples of Phycomycetes or Conjugation fungi are Mucor and Albugo (MUSTARD fungi).

Correct CHOICE is (b) Chrysophytes

To ELABORATE: Chrysophytes COMPRISE of diatoms and golden algae (DESMIDS). Desmids are unicellular eukaryotes and can prepare their own food by photosynthesis. Desmids reproduce both by SEXUALLY and asexually.

Right ANSWER is (c) Silica

To ELABORATE: Cell wall in diatoms is MADE up of Silica. It’s a double SHELLED cell wall that fits EXACTLY into each other like the lid of a box. Cell wall of diatoms remains in the earth even after they die and accumulate to form diatomaceous earth.

The correct ANSWER is (B) aquatic regions

Best explanation: PROTISTS survive in aquatic regions. They can EITHER survive in fresh WATER lakes, large oceans, deep seas and marshy areas etc. This is because their body is adapted to survive in areas with low oxygen concentration.