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1851.

Question : State the unit of coliform count levels in the water.

Answer»

SOLUTION : MPN/100 ML
Discussion
1852.

Question : State the type and characteristics of germ cells.

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Solution :Type of germ cells: male GAMETES and female gametes.
In very simple organisms, the two germ cells may be similar or LITTLE different.
For HIGHER and more complex organisms the germ cells are of SPECIALISED type.
`{:("Male gametes","Female gametes"),("They are smaller and motile.","They are larger and contains NUTRIENTS."),("They are called sperms.","They are called egg cells."):}`
Discussion
1853.

Question : What is the role of brain in reflex action ?

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Solution :The sensory AREA of brain receives information, interprest it and MAKES a repid decision `to ` message TRANSMITTED to MOTOR area `to ` motor nneuron sends information to receptor orgain `to ` controlled by MEDULLA in the hind brain.
Discussion
1854.

Question : State the role and function of lymph in the human transport and system.

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Solution :Lymph is a circulatory fluid. If FLOWS through the lymph vessels.
• Lymph (also called as tissue fluid) is colourless.
• It consits oflymphocytes which kill germs and PROTECT the human body from INFECTIONS.
•Lymph carries digested fats and obsorbs fat from the intestine.
• It drains excess fluid from extra cellular space BACK into the blood.
• Its FLOW is unidirectional i.e, from
tissues `to` lymph capillaries `to` veins heart.
Discussion
1855.

Question : State the probability of birth of offspring as a son or a daughter.

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Solution :The probability of BIRTH of offspring as a SON or a daughter is `50%`, i.e., `1 : 1`.
Discussion
1856.

Question : State the process of grafting.

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Solution :In GRAFTING, stem parts of two different plants are joined to produce a new plant. ONE PART is of in SITU rooted plant called stock and another part from superior QUALITY plant called scion. Both are obliquely cut and placed over each other and tied with the tape. Part of stock remain rooted but scion is separated from the mother plant. After a month or so, both parts unite with each other and a new plant develops from the scion. Stockprovides water and minerals from the soil to the developing plant.
Discussion
1857.

Question : State the principle of an electric generator.

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Solution :An electric generator works on the PRINCIPLE of electronromagnetic induction when a closed COIL is rotated in a UNIFORM magnetic field with its axis perpendicular to the DIRECTION of the field. The magnetic field lines passing through the coil changes and induce potential differences. HENCE a cirrent is set up in it.
Electric motor
* It converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
* It works on the principle of magnetic field of electric current.
Electric generator
* It converts mechanical energy into electrical energy
* It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
Discussion
1858.

Question : State the possible disadvantage if the cereal plant is growing in soil rich in pesticides.

Answer»

SOLUTION :Biggest disadvantage of USING PESTICIDES in the soil used for growing cereal crops is that these chemicals will reach in maximum amount in our BODIES due to the PHENOMENON of Biological Magnification.
Discussion
1859.

Question : State the points of explanation which are derived from the study of flow of energy in an ecosystem.

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Solution : From the study of flow of energy in an ecosystem, following points of explanation are derived:
( 1 ) The GREEN plants capture only about 1 % of the energy from the total available solar energy and convert it into food.
( 2 )A large amount of energy is lost as heat to the environment during the flow of energy from one trophic level to next.
( 3 ) Compared to producers, CONSUMERS utilise more energy.
( 4 ) Continuous supply of energy is reqUired for an ecosystem
( 5 )At every trophic level, organisms utilise energy for growth, reproduction, ETC
( 6 ) On an average, 10 % of available energy gets transferred from one trophic level to next in food chain
( 7 ) Food chains generally consist of three or four steps. After four trophic LEVELS very little usable energy remains in the food chain.
( 8 ) Producers occur in the largest number whereas top level carnivores are in the smallest number.
Discussion
1860.

Question : What are necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and what are its by product ?

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Solution :Necessary CONDITIONS are : SUNLIGHT water, chlorophyll and CARBON dioxide
By PRODUCTS `to CO_(2), H_(2)O`, sunlight,
SOURCE `to` Sun, earth , environment
Discussion
1861.

Question : State the names of STDs caused by bacteria and virus.

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SOLUTION :BACTERIAL STDs : Gonorrhoea, Syphilis.
VIRAL STDs : WARTS, HIV-AIDS
Discussion
1862.

Question : State the name of microbe that has increased beyond a safe level in the river Ganga.

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Solution :FAECAL COLIFORM are the MICROBIAL pollutants that has increased in the river Ganga beyond SAFE level.
Discussion
1863.

Question : State the name of scientists who had successfully synthesised amino acids in laboratory.

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SOLUTION :Stanley L. MILLER and Harold C. Urey
Discussion
1864.

Question : State the name of ideas essential for understanding evolution.

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SOLUTION :IDEAS of HEREDITY and GENETICS
Discussion
1865.

Question : State the name of fuels that we are using.

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SOLUTION :We are using wood, coal, petrol, DIESEL, CNG, kerosene, LPG, ETC. as fuels.
Discussion
1866.

Question : State the name of any two greenhouse gases.

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SOLUTION :`CO_(2)` and `CH_(4)`
Discussion
1867.

Question : State the main functions of abscisic acid in plants.

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SOLUTION :Abscisic ACID INHIBITS the GROWTH of PLANTS.
Discussion
1868.

Question : State the laws of refraction. What is the meaning of the refractive index of crown glass is 1.52. Define the power of lens. What is the meaning of 'The power of a lens is 1 diaptor'. If the power of a lens is -2.0 D, then what type of lens is that? When an object is kept at infinity from this type of lens, what is the size of the image formed?'

Answer»

Solution : Laws of refraction of light are :
The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal to the INTERFACE of TWO transparent media at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane.
The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is a constant.
`(sin i )/(sin r) ` = constant
This means that the ratio of the speed of light in air and the speed of light in crown glass is equal to 1.52. The ability of a lens to CONVERGE or diverge the ray of light after refraction is called POWER (p) of lens. It is defined as the reciprocal of the focal length i.e, `P = 1/f`
S.I unit of power of a lens is dipotre. A lens of focal length 100 em has a power of 1 dipotre i.e, 1 dioptre =`1M^(-1) `If the power of a lens is -2.0 D then the type of lens is concave lens. The size of the image in the lens is highly diminshed, point sized.
Discussion
1869.

Question : The information source for making proteins is

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Solution :DNA is the INFORMATION SOURCE of MAKING PROTEINS in cell.
Discussion
1870.

Question : State the importance of lymph in human transport system .

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Solution :Lymph is a light yellow viscousfluid formed from tissue fluid by special lymph capillaries.It facilitatesexchange of materials between blood and tissues. Lymph alsohelps in maintenance of blood volume. Thirdly lymphocytes mature inside the lymph nodes andtherefore helps in immunity to fight against foreignmaterial . Lymph is specialised to carry secretionswhich cannot pass directly intoblood like hormones, plasmaproteins, FATS. LAST but not the least it carries WASTE PRODUCTS before theyare poured into blood for FILTERATION in kidneys.
Discussion
1871.

Question : State the importance of biofertilizer.

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SOLUTION :Increasing the HARVEST yields, improving soil STRUCTURE, better water relation, economical, eco FRIENDLY and more efficient farms are due importance of biofertilizer
Discussion
1872.

Question : State the functions of the following components of transport system: (i) Blood (ii) Lymph

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Solution :(i)The following are the important functions of BLOOD:
(a) It transports the digestive component of food to all the body cells.
(b) It also transports respiratory gases to body cells.
(c) It also carries WASTE product for excretion.
(d) It acts as CARRIER of hormones.
Discussion
1873.

Question : State the function of plant hormones. Name a plant hormone which is essential for cell division.

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SOLUTION :PLANT HORMONES are the chemicals SECRETED by the plants which helps to co-ordinate growth, development and RESPONSES to the environment.
Discussion
1874.

Question : State the function of Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus.

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Solution :Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus have semipermeable walls. The glomerulus, is a tuft of capillaries contained in Bowman’s capsule. The water and dissolved SUBSTANCES (wastes and useful) are FILTERED into the Bowman’s capsule and from here they are filtered into the tubule. THUS, both the structures ACT as filtering apparatus.
Discussion
1875.

Question : State the function of epiglottis.

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Solution :At the top of the trachea (or WIND pipe) there is a FLAP of cartilage called epiglottis. The function of epiglottis is to cover the mouth of trachea (or wind pipe) when we swallow food so that the food MAY not enter the trachea (or wind pipe).
Discussion
1876.

Question : State the example of animal in which sex is not genetically determined.

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SOLUTION :In SNAIL, SEX is not GENETICALLY DETERMINED.
Discussion
1877.

Question : State the difference in meaning between zygote, embryo and foetus.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
1878.

Question : State the consequences that can lead to a short circuit ? OR A 14 - year old student is notable to see clearly the questions written on the blackboard placed at a distance of 5 m from him. (a) Name the defect of vision he is suffering from . (b) With the help of labelled ray diagrams show how this defect can be corrected. (c) Name the type of lens used to correct this defect .

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Solution :It occurs as a consequence of failure of electrical direct contact with neutral or earth wire.
presence of external conducting material such as WATER which is introduced accidentally into the circuit.
electrical APPLIANCES are foraced to operate when tis moving parts are jammed.
connection of current carrying parts of electrical equipment.s comes in contact to ONE another due to human or natural cause
Use of less rating wires.
When this happens there is an excessive electric current which can damage the circuit and may also cause electrical FIRES.
(a) Short - sightedness (MYOPIA).
(b)
(c) Concave lens.
Discussion
1879.

Question : State the changes that take place in the uterus when : (a) Implantation of embryo has occurred. (b) Female gamete/egg is not fertilised.

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Solution :(a) (i) Pregnancy (II) MENSTRUATION.
(b) In first case, the lining of uterus becomes THICK and spongy, richly supplied with blood, helps in implantation of the EMBRYO. In second case, the lining breaks along with blood VESSELS and comes out through vagina as menstrual flow.
Discussion
1880.

Question : State the changes that take place in the uterus subsequent to implantation of embryo ? How does this embryo get nourishment inside the mother's body ?

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SOLUTION :After implantation-
The uterine WALL thickens that is richly supplied with blood.
A special tissue called placenta develops which connects embryo to the uterine wall that provides NUTRIENTS and oxygen to it.
Placenta is a disc which is embedded in the uterine wall. It contains villi on the embryonal side. On maternal side, are blood spaces, which SURROUND the villi. This provides large surface area for glucose and oxygen to PASS from the mother to the embryo.
Discussion
1881.

Question : State the basic features of inheritance of traits.

Answer»

Solution :The basic features of inheritance of traits are as follows :
Traits have two or more alternative forms.
Specific factor (GENE) controls specific trait.
One trait may be dominant over the other. e.g., character of free earlobe is dominant over the attached earlobe.
`rarr` Traits may remain unexpressed i.e., recessive but they can be EXPRESSED in future generation without any change.
`rarr` One alternative (allele) of a trait may express more often than the other.
`rarr` For sexually reproducing ORGANISMS, both male and FEMALE parents contribute equal amount of genetic material to the offsprings. This means can be influenced by both that each trait PATERNAL and maternal DNA.
Discussion
1882.

Question : (a) State the applications of DNA finger printing technique. (b) Describe the structure of spinal cord.

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SOLUTION :• DNA fingerprinting technique is WIDELY used in forensic applications such as identifying the culprit.
• It is also used for paternity testing in case of disputes.
• It also helps in the study of genetic diversity of population, EVOLUTION and SPECIATION
Discussion
1883.

Question : State some name of the ancient water harvesting techniques.

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Solution :Kulhs, BUNDHIS, bandharas, nadis, TANKS and KATTAS.
Discussion
1884.

Question : State the method used for growing rose plants and jasmine plants.

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SOLUTION :ARTIFICIAL METHOD of VEGETATIVE propagation like cutting is used to grow rose plant.
Discussion
1885.

Question : State one important function of ozone layer in the atmosphere. How is it formed there? Which compounds are responsible for the depletion of ozone layer ? How do these compounds enter into the atmosphere ?

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Solution : Ozone layer prevents harmful ultraviolet radiations to reach earth.s atmosphere.
Ozone is FORMED at the higher level of atmosphere by the action of UV radiations on `O_2` molecule. High energy UV radiations split apart some oxygen molecules into atomic oxygen which react with molecular oxygen to form ozone molecules as shown by the following equations :

CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS are responsible for the depletion of ozone layer. These compounds which are used in refrigerators and FIRE extinguishers get leaked during MANUFACTURE or repair and go up high into the atmosphere.
Discussion
1886.

Question : State one function of each of the following parts of human male reproductive system. (i) Vas deferens, (ii) Testes, (iii) Prostate gland.

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Solution :(i) Vas Deferens : It helps in the PASSAGE of SPERMS.
(ii) Testes : It produces sperms and MALE sex hormone- testosterone.
(iii) PROSTATE gland : It secretes alkaline fluid which is DISCHARGED into the urethra. It protects sperms from acidity of male urethra.
Discussion
1887.

Question : State Ohm's law.

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Solution :Under similar PHYSICAL conditions and at CONSTANT temperature the CURRENT FLOWING thought a wire is directly proportional to the POTENTIAL difference applied across its ends.
Discussion
1888.

Question : State one difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs.

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Solution :AUTOTROPHS MAKE their own FOOD by the PROCESS of photosynthesis. Heterotrophs cannot make their own food. They depend upon autotrophs or other heterotrophs for food.
Discussion
1889.

Question : State in brief the role of human male reproduction system. Why is it called the 'urinogenital' system?

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Solution :The primary reproductive ORGAN in males are testis. Testis produce male gamete and testosterone. They are located in scrotum, outside the abdominal cavity, to maintain TEMPERATURE `1-3 ""^@C` lower than body temperature. This is essential for production of sperms.
The sperms are formed and delivered through vas deferens which UNITES with ureter coming from urinary bladder.
The prostate GLANDS and seminal vesicles release their secretions which are essential for sperms transport and nutrition.
This opens into urethra through which both urine and sperms are released. Hence, human male reproductive system is also CALLED urino-genital system as urine and semen are released from same tract.
Discussion
1890.

Question : State in brief the function of the following organs in the human female reproductive system: (i) Ovary, (ii) Fallopian tubes, (iii) Uterus.

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Solution :Functions of
(i) Ovary : It performs dual function of PRODUCTION of female gamete or ovum and the secretion of female SEX hormone estrogen and progesterone.
(ii) Fallopian TUBES : They carry ova or eggs from the ovary to the UTERUS.
(iii) Uterus : It helps in the development of an EMBRYO.
Discussion
1891.

Question : State differences between artery, vein and capillary.

Answer»

SOLUTION :
Discussion
1892.

Question : State any two names of pollution free source. Which one among it is best one ? Why ?

Answer»

Solution :CNG and solar cell are POLLUTION free source. CNG is clean fuel, it is CLEANER source than other.
In some cases, the actual operation of a device like the solar cell may be pollution free, but the assembly of the device can cause some environmental damage.
Discussion
1893.

Question : State any two changes that can be included under the general process of growth in human beings.

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Solution :Increase in height and weight, replacement of milk TEETH by PERMANENT teeth, ETC.
Discussion
1894.

Question : State any two common changes that appear in both sexes during the period of adolescence ?

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SOLUTION :Thick hair growing in armpits and the genital area, the skin FREQUENTLY BECOMES oily and pimples begin to develop.
Discussion
1895.

Question : State any three forms of energy used in our daily lives for doing work with suitable examples.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
1896.

Question : State a difference between budding in hydra and budding in yeast.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
1897.

Question : State advantages and limitations in harnessing wind energy.

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SOLUTION :Advantages of wind energy : (1) Wind energy is an environment friendly. (2) It is efficient source of renewable energy. (3) It requires no recurring expenses for the production of electricity.
Limitations in harnessing wind energy :
(1) Wind energy farms can be established only at those places where wind BLOWS for the greater part of a year.
(2) The wind speed should be higher than `15 km//h` to maintain the required speed of the turbine.
(3) There should be some back-up facilities (Like storage cells) to take care of the energy needs during a period when there is no wind.
(4) Establishment of wind energy farms requires large area of land. For a 1 MW generator, the farm needs about 2 hectares of land.
(5) The initial cost of establishment of the farm is quite high.
(6) The tower and blades need a high level of maintenance as they exposed to the vagaries of nature like rain, SUN, storm and CYCLONE.
Discussion
1898.

Question : Stars appear to be twinkling but planets do not twinkle. Why? Explain why the colour of the clear sky during day appears blue and during sunset appears red.

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Solution :Stars twinkle due to atmospheric refraction of starlight. As the stars are very far away, they behave as almost point source of light. But planets are much closer to the earth and are seen as extended sources so, a planet may be considered as a collection of a LARGE number of point size light sources. Although light coming from individual point sized sources flicker but the total amount of light entering our eye from all the individual point sized sources average out to be constant. There by planets appear equally BRIGHT and there is no twinkling of planets. The colour of clear sky appear blue during day because the PARTICLES in air of Earth.s ATMOSPHERE scatter the blue light in all directions. The scattering of blue light is more than other colours. That is the reason we can see the blue sky most of the time as other colour like red are scattered less. Smoke particles are ALSO there which are responsible for blue colour
Discussion
1899.

Question : Starfishes crawl by means of

Answer»

arms
muscular foot
tube feet
parapodia

Answer :C
Discussion
1900.

Question : Starfish belongs to

Answer»

elasmobranchii
cetacea
teleostomi
asteroidea 

ANSWER :D
Discussion