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5851.

How does the position from the basic of classification of chromosome

Answer» Centromere is a constriction present on the chromosomes where the chromatids are held together.Chromosomes are divided into four types based on the position of the centromere.(i) Metacentric chromosome The chromosomes in which the centromere is present in the middle and divides the chromosome into two equal arms is known as a metacentric chromosome. During anaphase, they appear V-Shaped.(ii) Sub-metacentric chromosomeThe chromosome in which the centromere is slightly away from the middle region is known as a sub-metacentric chromosome. In this, one arm is slightly longer than the other. During anaphase, they appear L-Shaped.(iii) Acrocentric chromosome The chromosome in which the centromere is located close to one of the terminal ends is known as an acrocentric chromosome. In this, one arm is extremely long and the other is extremely short. During anaphase, they appear J-Shaped.(iv) Telocentric chromosome The chromosome in which the centromere is located at one of the terminal ends is known as a telocentric chromosome. During anaphase, they appear i-Shaped.\xa0
5852.

Crime the sequence of event mitosis and meiosis first

Answer» Meiosis\xa0and\xa0mitosis\xa0both have prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.\xa0In\xa0meiosis, the chromosome or chromosomes duplicate (during interphase) and homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information (chromosomal crossover) during the\xa0first division, called\xa0meiosis\xa0I. The daughter cells divide again in\xa0meiosis\xa0II, splitting up sister chromatids to form haploid gametes.\xa0The\xa0mitosis\xa0theory states that\xa0meiosis\xa0evolved from\xa0mitosis. According to this theory, early eukaryotes evolved\xa0mitosis first, became established, and only then\xa0did meiosis\xa0and sexual reproduction arise.
5853.

Which is most imp. Chapters for exams to highly concentrate

Answer»
5854.

Are chemosynthetic bacteria autotrophic or heterotrophic

Answer» Chemosynthetic bacteria are autotrophic but it doesn\'t take energy from sun light ..
Autotrophic
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
5855.

Difference between bisphosphate and biphosphate

Answer» \xa0In biphosphate is any salt of phosphoric acid in which only one of the hydrogen atom has been replaced by a metal ion whereas bisphosphate is a diphosphate and it has two phosphate groups attached to a sugar residue.\xa0
5856.

What are vesicles

Answer» What are vesicles
5857.

What is the significance of heterospores

Answer» Heterospory is the phenomenon of formation of two types of spores, i.e., smaller microspore and larger megaspore. This phenomenon was firstly reported in Selaginella, a pteridophyte. The phenomenon of heterospory lead to the reduction of gametophyte, in situ germination of spores, retention of megagametophyte in the megasporangia and finally to the seed development. Examples of heterospory are Selaginella, Salvinia and Marsilea, etc.
5858.

The chemiosmotic hypothesis is given by..................?

Answer» The chemiosmotic hypothesis\xa0was proposed by Peter Mitchell. This\xa0hypothesis\xa0stated that a proton-motive force was responsible for driving the synthesis of ATP. In this\xa0hypothesis, protons would be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane as electrons went through the electron transfer chain.\xa0The chemiosmotic\xa0hypothesis\xa0suggests that the action of ATP synthase is coupled with that of a proton gradient. ... It is the action of the proton gradient that causes a proton motive force that allows ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP and inorganic phosphate to ATP.
5859.

Main deffrence between mitosis and meiosis

Answer» 1. In mitosis the parent cell divides into two daughter cells while in meiosis the parent cell forms four daughter cells.2.mitosis is the equational division ,i.e. in mitosis chromosome number in daughter cells is same as in parent cell,but meiosis is reductional division ,ie. the chromosome number in daughter cells is half as compared to parent cell.
5860.

Enlist any tow different between SER and RER

Answer» \tSr.No.SERRER1.Ribosomes are absent.Ribosomes occur over the surface of RER.2.Synthesis is specialised to synthesize lipids and steroids.Synthesis is specialised to synthesize proteins.3.The products do not pass into lumen.The products pass into lumen of E.R. for transport\xa0to other places.\xa04.Less stableMore stable5.Found in Epithelial cells, Intestinal cells, Sarcoplasmic ReticulumFound in Pancreatic Exocrine cells\t
The two differences between smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum are first smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not contain ribosomes rough endoplasmic contains ribosomes rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesise proteins and smooth Endoplasmic reticulum synthesis lipids smooth endoplasmic reticulum also called as steroid hormones smooth endoplasmic reticulum are found in muscles and help in deposition of calcium and magnesium ions a known as sarcoplasmic reticulum
5861.

What is the difference between bisexual and hermaphrodite? At least three points.

Answer» Bisexual\xa0means sexually attracted to both men and women or to people of multiple or any genders, whereas\xa0hermaphrodite\xa0means having gender-ambiguous sexual organs, typically including both types of gonads.\xa0Hermaphroditism, the condition of having both male and female reproductive organs.\xa0Hermaphroditic\xa0plants—most flowering plants, or angiosperms—are called monoecious, or\xa0bisexual.\xa0In biology, a\xa0hermaphrodite is an organism that has complete or partial reproductive organs and produces gametes normally associated with both male and female sexes. ... For\xa0example, the great majority of tunicates, pulmonate snails, opisthobranch snails, earthworms, and slugs are\xa0hermaphrodites.
5862.

Which mammal have nucleated RBC

Answer» In simple words birds , reptiles , and other lower form of vertibrate
Camel
The “camels have nucleated RBCs” story is just another stubborn myth. Like in all mammals, camel erythrocytes(RBCs) do have a nucleus and other organelles when first formed (in bone marrow), and in all mammals, these are ejected upon maturity (making more room for oxygen transporting hemoglobin).
5863.

What is Consciousness

Answer» Ability to sense
It means a ability to sense their surroundings.
5864.

PLANT cell and anila cell difesen

Answer» Plant cell and animal cell both under go mitotic cell division. Their main difference is how they form the daughter cells during cytokinesis. During the stage , animal cells form furrow or cleavage that gives way to formation of daughter cells .Due to the exestience of rigid cell wall , plant cell don\'t form furrows
5865.

How the heartbeat is regulated in humans ?

Answer» Heart rate\xa0is controlled by the two branches of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) releases the hormones (catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine) to accelerate the\xa0heart rate. The\xa0heartbeat\xa0is triggered by electrical impulses that travel down a special pathway through your heart: SA node (sinoatrial node) – known as the heart\'s natural pacemaker. The impulse starts in a small bundle of specialized cells located in the right atrium, called the SA node.
5866.

What do you mean by totipotency? ???

Answer» Totipotency is the ability of a cell to divide and differentiate into a complete body. In plants, the meristematic cells divide continuously and give rise new cells of the plant body. At maturity, the meristematic cells are fully developed and functional and develop the capacity of totipotency. This implies that when they provided with all the necessary conditions of temperature, humidity and nutrients at any stage of life, they can grow and develop into new plant tissue. These totipotent cells are used in plant tissue culture to generate a new plant from an explant.
5867.

Plzz explain that unicellular organism contains thousand of cell. How??

Answer» Wrong question, bcz. Unicellular organism have single cell
This ques. Is wrong Because, unicellular organism contain only single cell.
5868.

Hypojenus flower

Answer» There are three categories:\xa0hypogynous,\xa0perigynous, and epigynous. (a)\xa0hypogynous, if sepals, petals and stamens are attached to the receptacle below the ovary. ... (c)\xa0epigynous, if sepals, petals and stamens arise from the top of the ovary, or from a hypanthium inserted above the ovary. In\xa0hypogynous flowers, the perianth and stamens are attached to the receptacle below the gynoecium; the ovary is superior to these organs, and the remaining\xa0floral\xa0organs arise from below the point of origin of the carpel. ... …the pistil; such\xa0flowers\xa0are\xa0hypogynous\xa0(e.g., buttercup and magnolia).
5869.

Why prokartyotic cells multiply faster than eukaryotic cells

Answer» Because of body organisation
5870.

Name the two distinct compartments of intracellular space of cell divided by er

Answer» Endoplasmic Recticulum (ER) Consists of network of tiny tubular structures. ER divides the intracellular space into two distinct compartments − luminal (inside ER) and extra luminal (cytoplasm).(i) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) :• Ribosomes attached to outer surface.• Involved in protein synthesis and secretion.(ii) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) :• Lack ribosomes.• Site for synthesis of lipid.
5871.

How does butter in your food get absorb and digested in the body

Answer» By HCL
5872.

What is virginity test

Answer» The test , used to check if a person is still virgin or not
5873.

Periplaneta American means

Answer» Cockroach
5874.

Where is the pacemaker situated ?

Answer» The pacemaker is implanted just near the collarbone. If only one lead is needed, it is placed inside the lower-right chamber (the right ventricle). If two leads are needed, the other is placed in the upper-right chamber (the right atrium).
5875.

Which is not extrinsic factor in plant

Answer»
5876.

Which is not extrinsic factor

Answer»
5877.

What is the syllabus of half yearly

Answer» 5 chapters from bio
5878.

Heart external structure

Answer» Rana tigrina
Anura ans
What is scientific name of frog?
5879.

What is turgid explain

Answer» The state of being turgid or swollen, especially due to high fluid content is called turgidity.Turgidity is very important to plants as it helps in the maintenance of rigidity and stability of plant tissue
No
5880.

What is Flaccid

Answer» Flacid means of normal size that is not swollen or shrunken
5881.

What is photoperoidism

Answer» \tThe response of plants to periods of day/night is termed photoperiodism.\tSome plants require the exposure to light for a period exceding a well-defined critical duration known as long day plants, whereas others must be exposed to light for a period less than this critical duration before the flowering is initiated in them, known as short day plants.\tThe plants in which there is no correlation between exposure to light duration and induction of flowering response; such plants are called day-neutral plants.\tThe site of perception of light/dark duration are the leaves.\tThere is a hormonal substance, which migrates from leaves to shoot apices for inducing flowering only when the plants are exposed to the necessary inductive photoperiod.
5882.

Modification of the stem

Answer» Basically 3 types 1.underground 2.aerial 3.sub-aerial and these all types also have 4 sub types each.
5883.

Snakes are viviparous or oviparous

Answer» Oviparous
Oviparous
Oviparous
5884.

Meosis

Answer» Meiosis\xa0is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. These cells are our *** cells – sperm in males, eggs in females. During\xa0meiosis\xa0one cell?\xa0divides twice to form four daughter cells.\xa0Meiosis\xa0mainly takes place in sperm cell (male) and in egg cell (female). In the male,\xa0meiosis\xa0takes place after puberty. Diploid cells within the testes undergo\xa0meiosis\xa0to produce haploid sperm cells with 23 chromosomes.\xa0In multicellular plants and animals, however, meiosis is restricted to the germ cells, where it is key to sexual reproduction. Whereas somatic cells undergo mitosis to proliferate, the germ cells undergo meiosis to produce\xa0haploid\xa0gametes (the sperm and the egg).
5885.

Why high water potential of pure water is taken as zero?

Answer» Because there is no solute and the pressure in the container is zero.
5886.

Name the three cell organdles and their roles in photorespiration

Answer» Chloroplast, peroxisome and mitochondria are three cellular organelles involved in photorespiration.Various steps of photorespiratory pathway:(a) In presence of high Oz, RuBP carboxylase acts as oxygenase and results in formation of 3PGA (Phosphoglyeric acid) and 2-phosphoglycolate, 2-phosphoglycolate loses PO4 group to make glycolate.(b) Synthesized glycolate in chloroplast enters into peroxisomes.© The glycolate is oxidised into glyoxylate and H2O2 by oxidase enzyme.(d) Glyoxylate is changed into glycine (amino acid) by glutamate glyoxylate transaminase (enzyme).(e) Two molecules of glycine form serine and one mol. of CO2 in mitochondria but no ATP and NADPH are formed.(f) Finally serine passes into mitochondria and is changed into carbohydrate (3 carbon) and Phosphoglycolate (2 carbon).(g) Soon glycolate is formed of phosphoglycolate. In peroxisomes, glycolate soon changes into glycine and glycine into serine and CO2, without production of assimilatory powers (ATP and NADPH2).
5887.

What is the characteristics of mitochondria and plastid

Answer» Thanks
Mitochondria are organs of special importance. These organelles are absolute requirements to sustain the physiological activities of the cells.1. They are typically sausage shaped or cylindrical shaped.2. Each mitochondrion is a double membrane - bound structure with the outer membrane and the inner membrane dividing its lumen distinctly into two compartments, I.e., the outer compartment (perimitochindrial space) and the inner compartment matrix).3. They are present in almost all the cells of the body except in Red Blood Cells.4. They are freely floating in the cytoplasm and and stay in the regions of high energy requirement.5. Mitochondria are self replicable i.e. they can multiply on their own without the requirement of cell to divide.This characteristic feature helps replacement of old, worn out and damaged mitochondria with new and healthy mitochondria.6. Mitochondria have their own genetic material as single stranded DNA.7. The mitochondria have many enzyme complex which in series help in formation of energy i.e. adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP).
5888.

How to find floral formula for the flowers ?

Answer» A floral formula is a system of representing the structure of a flower using specific letters, numbers and symbols. It represents floral symmetry, number of parts, connation and adnation, insertion, and ovary position. Floral formulas are useful tools for remembering characteristics of the various angiosperm families. Their construction requires careful observation of individual flowers and of variation among the flowers of the same or different individuals.A floral formula consists of five symbols indicating from left to right:\tFloral Symmetry\tNumber of Sepals\tNumber of Petals\tNumber of Stamens\tNumber of CarpelsThe following symbols are used in floral formulae:Some important points to be remembered while writing floral formulae:\tFusion is indicated by enclosing the figure in brackets.\tAdhesion is indicated by drawing a line above the symbols of the floral parts.\tThe position of the mother axis with respect to the flower is represented by drawing a dot on the top of the floral diagram.Floral formulae of some important families of flowering plants:Family Fabaceae:Family SolanaceaeFamily\xa0Liliaceae
\xa0
5889.

Describe the internal parts of the Earth worm.

Answer» Morphology \tEarthworms have long cylindrical body divided into 100-120 similar short segments known as metameres .\tThe dorsal surface of the body is marked by a dark median mid dorsal line along the longitudinal axis of the body and the ventral surface is distinguished by the presence of genital openings.\tAnterior end consists of the mouth and the prostomium, covering the mouth.\tThe first body segment is called the peristomium, which contains the mouth.\tIn a mature worm, segments 14-16 are covered by a prominent dark band of glandular tissue called clitellum, thus dividing the body into preclitellar, clitellar and postclitellar segments.\tFour pairs of spermathecal apertures and a pair of male genital pores are situated on the 5th -9th segments and 18th segment, respectively.\tA single female genital pore is present in the mid-ventral line of 14th segment.\tNumerous minute pores called nephridiopores open on the surface of the body.\tExcept the first, last and clitellum, there are rows of S-shaped setae in each segment, help in locomotion.
5890.

How *** cells are formed in testes or ovary

Answer» In the female of the species the reproductive\xa0cells\xa0are the egg\xa0cells, and in the male the reproductive\xa0cells\xa0are the sperm. The male gonad, the testicle,\xa0produces\xa0sperm in the form of spermatozoa. The female gonad, the\xa0ovary,\xa0produces\xa0egg\xa0cells. Both of these gametes are haploid\xa0cells.\xa0The\xa0seminiferous tubules\xa0are considered the parenchyma of the testis. Within the developing testis the three main differentiating cell types are: gamete forming cells (spermatogonia), support cells (Sertoli cells) and hormone secreting cells (Leydig\xa0or interstitial cells).
5891.

Which is known as the biological catalyst?

Answer» Biological catalysts:\xa0The molecules.that can speed up the chemical reactions in cells is called a biological catalyst.Example:\xa0Enzyms as biological catalyst :Enzyms are soluble protein molecules. They can speed up the chemical reactions in cells respiration,photosynthesis and making new protiens are include in this reaction. due to this reaction enzymes are some times called as biological catalyst.In enzime catalized reaction, the substract is changed to the product via a high energy transition in the state. this state has a very short life cycle and it is stabilized by the enzymeAn example of this type of reaction is decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Although the reaction is strongly favored thermodynamically, it is very slow unless catalyzed
5892.

About brain

Answer» Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body. It is protected by a bony box called cranium, within which are present three layers of fluid-filled membranes called meninges for absorbing shock.\xa0The brain is divided into three regions (i) Forebrain (ii) Midbrain and (iii) Hindbrain.The forebrain is the largest part of the brain. It is the main thinking region. It is made up of cerebrum, hypothalamus and thalamus. The midbrain does not have any further divisions. The hindbrain consists of cerebellum, pons and medulla.
5893.

discovery of electron

Answer» DISCOVERY OF ELECTRON:The Electron was discovered by J.J Thomson by conducting a Cathode ray tube experiment.For the experiment he used Crooke’s tube, which was 60cm long glass tube and had a small tube attached. To this small tube vacuum pump was attached, it also had two metal plates which were connected to battery by wires.The tube contained gas at atmospheric pressure. when current at high voltage (10,000volts) was passed following observations were made:\tWhen current was passed through a gas at 1 atmospheric pressure and at a very high voltage, nothing happened. That is no visible effect was seen inside the tube.\tThen further the pressure of gas was reduced by pumping the air out, with the help of vacuum pump. The pressure was reduced to 10-2atm, then on passing current it was seen that whole tube started glowing green.\tThen further the pressure was reduced to 10-4It was seen the whole glow vanished, but it was seen that at the end of the tube (anode side) there was a faint green glow observed.To confirm the faint glow anode was made perforated, and a zinc sulphide screen (fluorescent material) was placed behind it.When current was passed under same conditions it also started glowing green. This confirmed that under those conditions some rays were emitted through cathode, and were travelling towards anode. Those rays were called as cathode rays and found to consist of negatively charged particles called electron.
5894.

Explain the process of breathing (for 4 marks)

Answer» The Process of Breathing :Breathing involves the ribs, the intercoastal muscles, lungs and the diaphragm. Breathing process is carried out in two phases :• Inhalation or Inspiration• Exhalation or Expiration.Inhalation : To make inhalation possible the intercoastal muscles contract and lift the ribs upward and outward. The diaphragm muscle also contracts and flattens. These movements increase the size of chest cavity; as a result the pressure inside the lungs decreases. As the pressure outside the lungs is greater and the air moves into the lungs.Exhalation: When breathing out, the muscles relax, the ribs go back to their normal unexpanded position, and the diaphragm springs back into place. With the chest activity back to its normal size, the pressure inside the lungs increases and is greater than the atmospheric pressure. As a result the air moves out of the lungs through nose or mouth.
5895.

Where is present abdominal gland

Answer» The gastric glands are located in different regions of the stomach. These are the\xa0fundic glands, the\xa0cardiac glands, and the\xa0pyloric glands. The glands and gastric pits are located in the stomach lining.\xa0The\xa0adrenal glands\xa0are small\xa0glands\xa0located on top of each kidney. They produce hormones that you can\'t live without, including *** hormones and cortisol. Cortisol helps you respond to stress and has many other important functions. With\xa0adrenal gland\xa0disorders, your\xa0glands\xa0make too much or not enough hormones.
5896.

What are diffrence between lymph and blood

Answer» Lymph blood*colourless fluid *red coloured Fluid.*absence of haemoglobin *presence of Haemoglobin *it is present in specific *it runs Places. Throughout The body.*it is not divided. *it is divided Into two Types.
5897.

Apendicular skeleton consist of?

Answer» Appendicular skeleton comprises of limb bones and girdles. Limb bones are again divided into bones of forelimbs and bones of hindlimbs. Girdles comprises of pectoral girdle and pelvic girdleLimb Bones\tThere are two pairs of limbs—a pair of forelimbs and a pair of hind limbs.\tEach fore limb is made of 30 bones.\tBones of the forelimbs are\tBoneRegionNumberHumerusUpper arm1RadiusForearm1UlnaForearm1CarpalsWrist8MetacarpalsPalm5PhalangesFingers14\t\tEach hind limb is made of 30 bones.\tBones of the hind limbs are
\tBoneRegionNumberFemurThigh1TibiaShank1FibulaShank1TarsalsAnkles7MetatarsalsInstep5PhalangesToes14PatellaFingers1\t
Pectoral Girdle\tThe pectoral girdle is formed of two identical halves.\tEach half of the girdle consists of the following bones — scapula and clavicle.\tScapula:\tThe scapula is also called the shoulder bone.\tIt is the flat, triangular bone located at the back of the thorax.\tIt has a slightly elevated ridge called the spine.\tThe spine projects as a flat, expanded process called the acromion.\tBelow the acromion is a cup-shaped cavity called the glenoid cavity.\tThe glenoid cavity articulates with the humerus of the forelimbs.\tClavicle:It is also called collar bone.It is a rod-shaped bone extending between the neck and the shoulder.\t\tPelvic Girdle\tIt is made of two coxal bones.\tEach coxal bone comprises three bones—ilium, ischium and pubis.\tAt the point where all the three bones fuse is a depression called the acetabulum. The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum.A line of fusion called the pubic symphysis is observed where the two halves meet
5898.

What is closed vascular system ?

Answer» \tThe vascular system consists of complex tissues, the phloem and the xylem.\tThe xylem and phloem together constitute vascular bundles.\tIn dicotyledonous stems, cambium is present between phloem and xylem, such vascular bundles because of the presence of cambium possess the ability to form secondary xylem and phloem tissues, and hence are called open vascular bundles.\tIn the monocotyledons, the vascular bundles have no cambium present in them, hence they do not form secondary tissues and they are referred to as closed vascular bundles.
All vertebrates have a closed vascular system, in which the circulatory fluid is totaly confined within the series of vessels consisting of arteries, veins and fine linking capillaries.
5899.

What is the Rh blood grouping

Answer» The rh blood group is similar to one present in rhesus monkeys rh groups should also be matched before transfusions
Rh grouping\tThe Rh antigen similar to one present in Rhesus monkeys is also observed on the surface of RBCs of majority of humans, hence the antigen is known as Rh antigen.\tThe individuals having Rh antigen are called Rh positive (Rh+ve) and those in whom this antigen is absent are called Rh negative (Rh-ve).\tAn Rh-ve person, if exposed to Rh+ve blood, will form specific antibodies against the Rh antigens, and hence Rh group should also be matched before transfusions.\tA special case of Rh incompatibility has been observed between the Rh-ve blood of a pregnant mother with Rh+ve blood of the foetus , which leads to a disease known as erythroblastosis foetalis.\tRh antigens of the foetus do not get exposed to the Rh-ve blood of the mother in the first pregnancy as the two bloods are well separated by the placenta, during the delivery of the first child, maternal blood may get exposed to small amounts of the Rh+ve blood from the foetus and the mother starts preparing antibodies against Rh in her blood.\tIn case of subsequent pregnancies, the Rh antibodies from the mother (Rh-ve) can leak into the blood of the foetus (Rh+ve) and destroy the foetal RBCs, which cause severe anaemia and jaundice to the baby leading to a condition known erythroblastosis foetalis.\tErythroblastosis foetalis can be avoided by administering anti-Rh antibodies to the mother immediately after the delivery of the first child.
5900.

What is the scientific name of lion

Answer» Panthera leo
Panthera leo
Panthera leo is the scienctific name of lion.