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11601.

Question : Statement 1: Plasmolysis is bursting of cell membrane when a cell is kept in a hypertonic solution. Statement2: Hypertonic solution causes endosmosis.

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Both STATEMENTS `1`and `2` are corect.
Statement`1` is CORRECT but statement `2` is INCORRECT.
Statement `1`is incorrect but statement `2` is correct.
Both statements `1` and `2`are incorrect.

Solution :N//A
Discussion
11602.

Question : Statement 1: It becomes difficult to open and shut the wooden doors and windows during rainy season. Statement 2: Wooden doors and windows imbibe water in rainy season and thus their volume is increased.

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Both STATEMENTS `1` and `2` are CORRECT.
Statement `1`is correct but statement `2` is incorrect.
Statement `1` is incorrect but statement`2` is correct.
Both statements `1` and `2` are incorrect.

Solution : Wooden doors and windows adsorb water in humid rainy season and INCREASE in their volume so that they are hard to open or close. If a dry piece of wood is placed in water it swells and increases its volume During IMBIBITION the water molecules get tightly adsorbed and become immobilised.
Discussion
11603.

Question : Statement 1: Interferons are a type of anitobodies produced by body cells infected by bacteria.Statement 2: Interferons stimulate inflammation at the site of injury.

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Both 1 and 2 are TRUE
1 and 2 are FALSE
1 is true, but 2 is false
1 is false, but 2 is true

Answer :B
Discussion
11604.

Question : Statement 1: Grafted kidney may be rejected in a patient due to cell mediated immune response.Statement 2: T_H Cells produe immunoglobulins.

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Both S-1 and S-2 are TRUE
S-1 is true but, S-2 is FALSE
S-1 is false but, S-2 is true
Both S-1 and S-2 are false

Answer :B
Discussion
11605.

Question : State which were the first true land plants? Mention two Characteristics features of these plants.

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Solution :PTERIDOPHYTES are the first true land PLANTS. Pteridophytes are the first plants to ACQUIRE vascular tissue. HETEROSPOROUS condition was developed from Pteridophytes.
Discussion
11606.

Question : State whether true or false about the statements below. Correct the false statement if any. Myocin proteins are present in the I band

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SOLUTION :FALSE. MYOSIN in A BAND/Actin in I band
Discussion
11607.

Question : State whether true or false about the statements below. Correct the false statement if any. Macrocytes and leucocytes exhibit ciliary movement

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Solution :FALSE. Macrocytes and LEUCOCYTES exhibit AMOEBOID MOVEMENT/exhibit no CILIARY movement
Discussion
11608.

Question : State what will happen if plants are supplied with: (i) excess of sulphur.(ii) low content of nitrogen. (iii) excess of nitrogen.

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Solution :(i) If plants are supplied with excess of sulphur, increase in root DEVELOPMENT and nodule formation TAKES place,
(ii) If plants are supplied with LOW content of nitrogen, yellowing of leaves called chlorosis occurs
(iii) If plants are supplied with excess of nitrogen abundant leaves of dark green colour are produced. It also REDUCES the root system and delays flowering and seed formation.
Discussion
11609.

Question : State two functions of accessory pigments, found in thylakoids.

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Solution :(a) ABSORPTION of light and TRANSFER of energy to chlorophyll ‘a’.
(b) PROTECT chlorophyll ‘a’ from PHOTO oxidation.
Discussion
11610.

Question : State two economically important uses of heterotrophic bacteria

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Solution :Heterotrophic bacteria : These bacteria are natural scavangers. They breakdown dead ORGANIC matter into INORGANIC constituents. The inorganic substances are used by plants as nutrients. THUS, they increase the fertility of soil by decomposition of dead organic matter. Besides, they are helpful in SEWAGE disposal. They are helpful in making curd from milk, production of antibiotics, FIXING nitrogen in legume roots, etc.
Discussion
11611.

Question : State two economically important uses of archaebacteria

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Solution :Archaebacteria : Methanogens are strict ANAEROBES. They are responsible for the production of METHANE in BIOGAS FERMENTERS. About 65% of the methane found in our atmosphere is produced by these archaea. Besides, methanogens are present in the gut of several ruminant animals such as cows and BUFFALOES and they are responsible for the production of biogas (methanefrom the dung of these animals).
Discussion
11612.

Question : State two economically important uses of: (a) heterotrophic bacteria (b) archaebacteria

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Solution :(a) heterotrophic bacteria :
(i) Bacteria are natural scavengers. They obtain their nutrition by decomposing dead bodies, dead plants and animal excreta.
(ii) These are used in fermentation PROCESS for vinegar manufacturing, yogurt making etc.
(iii) Somc bacteria help in retoing of jute and coconut plant fibres.
 (iv) The genus streptomyces has many species used to produce different antibiotics.
(v) Bacteria play important role in different steps of nitrogen cycle.
(b) archaebacteria :
Archaebacteria can live in extreme environments so they are USEFUL in :
(i) MODERN biotechnology
(ii) GENERATION of biogas
(iii) Thermophilic enzyme
(iv) Biosensors
(v) Restriction enzymes
Discussion
11613.

Question : State the Xylem elements.

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Solution :Xylem Consists of Four Types of cells :
1. TRACHEIDS, 2. VESSELS or Trachea, 3. Xylem Parenchyma and 4. Xylem FIBRES.
Discussion
11614.

Question : State the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal breathing.

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Solution :Functional RESIDUAL CAPACITY. About 500 ml of air goes in and out in each NORMAL breath. Thus the volume of air remaining in the LUNGS after a normal breathing will be 4.5 to 5.5 litres.
Discussion
11615.

Question : Statethe typesof lateralmeristem , theirrole in woodyplants .

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
11616.

Question : State the theory of spontaneous generation.

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Solution :According to the theory of spontaneous generation or Abiogenesis, living organisms originated from non-living materials and occurred through STEPWISE chemical and molecular evolution over millions of YEARS. THOMAS Huxley COINED the term abiogenesis.
Discussion
11617.

Question : Write the significance of plasmolysis.

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SOLUTION :Plasmolysis isexhibited only by LIVING CELLS and so it is used to testwhether the CELL is livingor dead.
Discussion
11618.

Question : State the role of pancreatic juice in digestion of proteins.

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Solution :the panacreatic juice contains inactive enzymes like trysinogen,CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN,procarboxypeptidases,amylases,lipases and nucleases.The enterokinin present in intestinal juice activates the inactive trypsinogen into ACTIVE TRYPSIN,which in turn activates the other enzymes in the PANCREATIC juice.
Discussion
11619.

Question : State the role of pith in stem.

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SOLUTION :PITH STORES the FOOD MATERIAL.
Discussion
11620.

Question : Write a note on channel protein with examples.

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Solution :Channelprotein forms a channel or tunnel in the CELL membrane for the EASY passage ofmolecules to enter the cell. The channels are either OPEN or REMAIN closed.
Discussion
11621.

Question : State the role of calcium ions and ATP in muscle contraction.

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Discussion
11622.

Question :State the role of centrioles other than spindle formation.

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Solution : The CENTRIOLES FORM the basal body of CILIA or flagella. They help in formation of microtubules and tail in sperm cell.
Discussion
11623.

Question : State the protoplasm theory.

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Solution :1. Max Schultze (1861) established similarity between protoplasmand sarcode and proposed a THEORY which later on was called ..Protoplasm Theory.. by O. HERTWIG (1892).
2. Huxley (1868) proposed protoplasm as a ..physical basis of life... (Sarcode - Living juice in ANIMAL CELL.)
Discussion
11624.

Question : State the P_(O_(2)) and P_(CO_(2)) in the blood afterthe pulmonary gas exchange.

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Solution :After the pulmonary GAS EXCHANGE , `P_(O_(2))` and `P_(CO_(2))` and 95 mm Hg and40 mm Hg respectively.
Discussion
11625.

Question : State the P_(O_(2)) andand P_(CO_(2)) in the blood aftertissuerespiration.

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Solution :After tissue RESPIRATION , `P_(O_(2))` and `P_(CO_(2))` in DEOXYGENATED blood are 40 mm Hg and 46 mm Hg respectively.
Discussion
11626.

Question : State the physiologic functions of three fat soluble vitamins.

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Discussion
11627.

Question : State the physilogic functions of three water-soluble vitamins.

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Discussion
11628.

Question : State the number of segments in earthworm which are covered by a prominent dark band or clitellum

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SOLUTION :In an adult earthworm in 14-16 a segment clear dark band like GLANDULAR structure is CALLED calitellum . It SECRETES m ucous and Albumin.
Discussion
11629.

Question : State the name of polymer of fructose. (A) Starch (B) Glycogen (C) Inulin (D) Chitin

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Starch
Glycogen
Inulin
Chitin

Answer :C
Discussion
11630.

Question : State the most significant contribution of Dixon and Jolly:

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SOLUTION :Transpiration pull-cohesive force THEORY for ASCENT of SAP.
Discussion
11631.

Question :State the main function of leaf tendril.

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Solution : The leaf tendrils help the PLANT for CLIMBING.
Discussion
11632.

Question : Statethelocationof tyloses .

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SOLUTION :In manydicotplants ,the lumenof the xylemvessels is BLOCKED by manyballon- likeingrowths FROMTHE neeighbouringparenchymatous cells . Theseballon- LIKE structures arecalledtyloses .
Discussion
11633.

Question : State the location of the testes. Mention the functions and name of the hormones produced by it.

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Solution :Location : A PAIR of testis is present in the scrotal SAC (outside abdomen) of male.
Tetis performs dual fuctions as a prmay sex organ as well as an endocrine gland.
Testis is composed of seminiferous tubules and stromal or interstitial tissue.
The LEYDIG cells or interstitial cells, which are present in the intertubular SPACES produce a group of hormones called androgens mainly testosterone.
Androgens regulate the development maturation and functions of the male accessory sex organs like epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, urethra etc.
These hormones stimulate muscular growth, facial and axillary hair, aggressiveness, low pitch of VOICE etc.
Androgens play a major stimulatory role in the process of spematogenesis.
Androgens act on the central neural system and influence the male sexual behaviour libido.
They produce anabolic synthetic effects on protein and carbohydrate metebolism.
Discussion
11634.

Question : State the law of minimum .

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Solution :The " law of minimum " states that PRODUCTIVITY of soil depeds on AMOUNT of essential elements present in minimum QUANTITY.
Discussion
11635.

Question : State the Law of Laplace.

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Solution :1. The LAW of Laplace is used to understand the STRUCTURE and function of BLOOD vessels and the HEART.
2. Laplace law states that the tension in the walls of the blood vessel is proportional to the blood PRESSURE and vessel radius.
Discussion
11636.

Question : Enumerate the main differences between DNA and RNA.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
11637.

Question : State the importance of neural system.

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Solution :The neural system provides a point-to-point rapid co-ordination among organs. The neural co-ordination is FAST but short-lived.
As the nerve fibres do not INNERVATE all cells of the body the CELLULAR functions need to be continuously regulated, a special kind of coordination and regulation has to be proveided.
This function is carried out bu hormones.
The neural system and the endocrine system jointly coordinate and regulate the PHYSIOLOGICAL functions is the body.
Discussion
11638.

Question : State the importance of cambium.

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Solution :CAMBIUM CONSISTS of brick shaped and thin WALLED meristematic CELLS. It is one to four four layers in THICKNESS. These cells are capable of forming new cells during secondary growth.
Discussion
11639.

Question : State the functions of the following in blood Neutrophils .

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SOLUTION : Neutrophils : They are PHAGOCYTIC cells. That DESTROYED microbes ENTERING in the body.
Discussion
11640.

Question : State the functions of the following in blood Fibrinogen.

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Solution :FIBRINOGEN : It is the important INACTIVE factor for clotting of blood. It GETS converted into insoluble fibrin under the EFFECT of thrombin.
Discussion
11641.

Question : State the functions of the following in blood Lymphocytes.

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Solution : LYMPHOCYTES : These are CELLS PROVIDING special TYPE of energy.
Discussion
11642.

Question : State the functions of the following in blood Globilin .

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SOLUTION :GLOBULIN : It is a PROTEIN in plasma ASSOCIATED with immunity.
Discussion
11643.

Question : State the function of LH.

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Solution :a. It stimulates the final maturation and release of the ovum from the Graafian follicle. This process is CALLED ovulation.
b. It HELPS in the conversion of the Graafian follicle into CORPUS LUTEUM. It ALSO stimulate corpus luteum to secrete progesteron.
c. In males , it stimulates the interstitial cells of the testis called Leydig cells to the secrete the male sex hormones called testosterone. So LH is also called ICSH.
Discussion
11644.

Question : Differentiate photorespiration and Dark respiration.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
11645.

Question : State the component of fungal cellulose. (A) Chitin (B) Cellulose (C) Chitin + Polysaccharides (D) Chitin + Cutin

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CHITIN
Cellulose
Chitin + POLYSACCHARIDES
Chitin + Cutin

Solution :Chitin + Polysaccharides
Discussion
11646.

Question : Write the difference between Dark respiration and photorespiration

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
11647.

Question :State the demerits of RAPD analysis.

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SOLUTION : RAPD analysis has the MAJOR DISADVANTAGE that results are difficult to REPLICATE and in the HOMOLOGY of similar bands in different taxa may be nuclear.
Discussion
11648.

Question : State the characteristic features of Kingdom Monera.

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SOLUTION :Bacteria are the sole members of the KINGDOM Monera.
Occurance: Bacteria are the most abundant microorganisms which occur almost everywhere.
Hundreds of bacteria are present in a handful of soil.
They also live in extreme habitats such as hot springs, deserts, snow and deep oceans where very few other life forms can survive.
MANY of them live in or on other ORGANISM as parasites.
Types based on shape: Bacteria are grouped under four categories based on their shape.
The spherical coccus (Pl. Cocci), the rod shaped Bacillus (Pl. BACILLI), the comma - shaped Vibrium (Pl. Vibrio) and the Spirillum (Pl. Spirilla).

Mode of nutrition : Though the bacterial structure is very simple they are very complex in behaviour.
Bacteria show the most extensive metabolic diversity.
Some of the bacteria are autotrophic i.e. they synthesise their own food from organic substrates.
They may be Photosynthetic autotrophic or chemosynthetic autotrophic.
The vast majority of bacteria are heterotrophs i.e. they do not synthesise their own food but depend on other organisms or on dead organic matter for food.
Discussion
11649.

Question : State the Biogenetic law.

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Solution :Ernst Von Haeckel, propounded the ..biogenetic law or THEORY of recapitulation.. which states that the LIFE history of an INDIVIDUAL (ontogeny) briefly REPEATS or recapitulates the evolutionary history of the race (phylogeny). In other words ..Ontogeny recapitulates Phylogeny...
Discussion
11650.

Question : State the 3 types of viral symmetry,

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Solution :(i) CUBOID symmetry - Example: Adenovirus and Herpes VIRUS.
(ii) HELICAL symmetry - Example: Influenza virus and TMV.
(III) Complex er Atypical - Example: Bacteriophage and Vaccinia virus.
Discussion