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20001.

Question : Brunner's glands are present in

Answer»

Ileum
Duodenum
Stomach
Oesophagus

Answer :B
Discussion
20002.

Question : Brown colouration of Phaeophyceae is due to excess

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FUCOXANTHIN
Zeaxanthin
Phycoerythrin
LYCOPENE

ANSWER :A
Discussion
20003.

Question : Brown algae contains dominating pigment ……….

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ANSWER :FUCOXANTHIN
Discussion
20004.

Question : Brown algae are quite common in

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Fresh WATER habitats
TROPICAL sea water
Temperate sea water
Both (1) and (2)

ANSWER :C
Discussion
20005.

Question : Broca's area in human brain controls

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speech
taste
respiration
heartbeat

Solution :Broca's AREA is the MOTOR speech area lying in the FRONTAL LOBE of cerebrum.
Discussion
20006.

Question : Brinjal fruit has persistent calyx. Have you ever noticed the same in any other fruits? Name them.

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Solution :TOMATO, LADY's finger, GUAVA and CHILLI also have persistent CALYX.
Discussion
20007.

Question : Brinjal and potato belong to the same genus Solanum, but to two different species. What defines them as separate species ?

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Solution :Brinjal and potato both belong to same GENUS as they share some common correlated characters. They belong to DIFFERENT species because they have
(i) different morphological features.
(II) reproductive isolation [inability to interbreed]
Discussion
20008.

Question : Bring out the significance of phase contrast microscopy

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Solution :1. It is a modification of normal light microscope with all its basic principle.
2. The OBJECTE are observed byincreasing the CONTRAST by bringing about the change in the ampitude of the light waves.
3. The constrast can be increased by introducing the phase plate in the condenser lens.
4. Phase contrast microscope is used to observe LIVING CELLS, tissues and the cells cultured invitro during mitosis.
Discussion
20009.

Question : What is the significance of meiosis ?

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Solution :* Meiosis maintains a definite constant number of chromosomes in ORGANISMS.
* Crossing over takes place and exchange of gnetic material LEADS to VARIATIONS among SPECIES. These variations are the raw materials to evolution. Meiosis leads to genetic variability by partitioning different combinations of genes into gametes through independent assortment.
* Adaptation of organisms to various environmental stress.
Discussion
20010.

Question : Bring out similarity and difference between leghaemoglobin and haemoglobin.

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Solution :Similarity : Both leghaemoglobin and haemoglobin are OXYGEN scavangers.
Difference : Leghaemoglobin is present in the root nodules in the PLANTS belonging to FAMILY Leguminosae. Haemoglobin is a PIGMENT of human blood.
Discussion
20011.

Question : Briefly outline the classification of enzymes.

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SOLUTION :ENZYMES are classified into six groups BASED on their mode of ACTION.

Discussion
20012.

Question : Briefly mention the mechanism of action of FSH.

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Solution :In MALES, FSH and ANDROGENS regulate spermatogensis. In females, FSH is responsible for growth and DEVELOPMENT of the OVARIAN follicles, maturiation of egg and secreation of ESTROGEN.
Discussion
20013.

Question : Briefly mention the mechanism of action of FSH .

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Solution :Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted by the pars distalis region of he anterior pituitary. In the ovary, FSH stimulates the growthand maturation of ovarian follicle. As the follicle GROWS and matures, it releases an inhibitory hormone known as inhibin that ends the process of FSH production.
Action of FS: Follicle stimulating hormone produces its effect by binding to its specific receptors PRESENT in the ovarian cell membrane.
Binding of FSH hormone to its receptor leads to the formation of hormonereceptor complex. The ovarian follicle nature and RELEASE a mature ovum in the fallopian TUBE for fertilization.
Discussion
20014.

Question : Briefly give the contributions of the following scientists in the field of cytology. (a). Schleiden and Schwann (b) Singer and Nicolson.

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Solution :(a) Schleiden and SCHWANN proposed the CELL theory.
(b) singer & NICOLSON proposed the fluid MOSAIC model of plasmomembrane.
Discussion
20015.

Question : Briefly give the contributions of the following scientists in formulating the cell theory(a) Rudolf Virchow(b) Schleiden and Schwann

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Solution :(a) RUDOLF Virchow in (1855) : EXPLAINED that the cells divide and new cells are formed from the pre-existing cells.
(b) Schleiden and Schwann : They observed cells and CELL membrane for the first time. They mentioned in cell theory that plant and animal cells POSSESS cell components and organelle.
Discussion
20016.

Question : Briefly explain the structure of thyroid gland

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SOLUTION :The butterfly shaped thyroid gland is a bilobed gland located below the laryns on each side of upper trachea. It is the largest endocrine gland in the body. Its TWO lateral lobes are connected by a median tissues mass called isthmus. Is slope is made up of many lobules. The lobules consists of FOLLICLES called acini. Each acinus is lined with glandular, cuboidal or squamous epithelial. cells. The lumen of acinus is filled with COLLOID, a thick glycoprotein mixture consiting of thyroglobulin molecules.
Hormones of the thyroid gland are often called the major metabolic hormones. The follicular cells of thyroid gland secrete two hormones namely tri-iodothyronine `(T_3)` andthyroxine or tetra-iodothyronine `(T_4)`. THe parafollicular cells or .C. cells of thyroid gland secrete a hormone called thyrocalcitonin. Iodine is essential for the normal synthesis of thyroid hormones . Thyroid releasing hormones form the hypothalamus stimulates the adenohypophysis to secrete .TSH., which inturn stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete the thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones show a NEGATIVE feedback effect on the hypothalamus and pituitary.
Discussion
20017.

Question : Briefly explain the development process of leaf primordium.

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SOLUTION :The plumule of the embryo of a germinating seed grows into stem. The epicotyl elongates after embryo growth into the AXIS (the stem) that bears leaves from its TIP, which contain the ACTIVELY dividing cells of the shoot called apical MERISTEM. Further cell divisions and growth result in the formation of mass of tissue called a leaf primordium.
Discussion
20018.

Question : Brieflydescriblethe following: (a)Anaemia(b) Angina Pectors . (c) Atherosclerosis(d) Hypertension. (e) Heatfailure(f) Erthyroblastosisfoetialis .

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Solution :(a) Anaemia : CAUSED DUE to lack of RBC
(b), (c ), (d) and (e ): For answer SEE section-`A Q gt NO gt19`
(f) Erythroblastosis foetalis : For answer see section-1a Q. No. 6last 3 points
Discussion
20019.

Question : Briefly discuss on five kingdom classification. Add a note on merits and demerits.

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Solution :R.H. Whittaker, an american taxonomist proposed five kingdom classification in the year 1969. The kingdoms include Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. The CRITERIA adopted for the classification include cell structure, thallus ORGANIZATION, mode of nutrition, REPRODUCTION and phylogenetic relationship. A comparative account of the salient feature of each kingdom is givenin table.

Merits :
`**` The classification is based on the complexity of cell structure and organization of thallus.
`**` It is based on the mode of nutrition.
`**` Separation of fungi from plants.
`**` It shown the phylogeny of the organisms.
Demerits :
`**` The kingdom monera and protista accommodate both autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms, cell wall LACKING and cell wall bearing organisms thus making these two groups more hetergeneous.
`**` Viruses were not included in the SYSTEM.
Discussion
20020.

Question : Briefly describe water potential. What are the factors affecting it?

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SOLUTION :Water potential quantifies the tendency of water to move from one PART to the other during various cellular processes such as diffusion, osmosis, etc. It is denoted by the Greek letter Psi or `psi and is expressed in Pascals (Pa). The water potential of pure water is always taken as zero at standard temperature and pressure.
Water potential `(psi w)` is expressed as the sum of solute potential `(psi s)` and pressure potential `(psi p)`.
` psi w = psi s + psip`
When some solute is DISSOLVED in water, the water potential of pure water decreases. This is termed as solute potential `(psi s)`, which is always negative. For a solution at atmospheric pressure,` psi w = psi s .`
The water potential of pure water or a solution increases on the application of pressure VALUES more than atmospheric pressure. It is termed as pressure potential. It is denoted by Ψp and has a positive VALUE, although a negative pressure potential is present in the xylem. This pressure potential plays a major role in the ascent of water through the stem.
Discussion
20021.

Question : Briefly describe the types of groups participating in the structure of amino acids.

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Solution :Amino acids are organic COMPOUNDS containing an amino group and acidic group as substituents on the same CARBON i.e. a-carbon. Hence, they are called a-amino acids.
There are four substituent groups occupying the four valency positions. These are hydrogen, carboxyl group, amino group and a variable group designated as R group.
The R group in these proteinaceous amino acids could be a hydrogen (amino acid glycine), a methyl group (alanine), hydroxyl methyl (serine) etc.
`underset("Glycine")(H-underset(H)underset(|)overset(COOH)overset(|)C-NH_(2)), underset("Alanine")underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(COOH)overset(|)(H-C-NH_(2)), underset("Serine")underset(CH_(2)-OH)underset(|)overset(COOH)overset(|)(H-C-NH_(2))`
The chemical and physical properties of amino acids are essentially of the amino, carboxyl and the R FUNCTIONAL groups.
Based on number of amino and carboxyl groups, there are acids (e.g., glutamic acid), basic (lysine) and neutral (valine) amino acids. Similarly, there are aromatic amino acids (tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan).
A particular property of amino acids is the ionizable nature of -`NH_2` and -COOH groups. Hence in solutions of different PHS, the structure of amino acids changes.
`underset("B is called zwitterionic form")(H_(3)^(+)N - overset(R)overset(|)CH-COOH)
Discussion
20022.

Question : Briefly describe the leaf modification in Nepenthes.

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Solution :The leaf BECOMES modified into a pitcher in NEPENTHES. In Nepenthes the basal PART of the leaf is laminar and the midrib continues as a coiled tendrillar structure. The APICAL part of the leaf as modified into a pitcher the mouth of the pitcher is closed by a lid which is the modification of leaf apex.
Discussion
20023.

Question : Brief notes on spinal nerves.

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Solution :Spinal NERVES 31 pairs of spinal nerves emcrge out from the spinal cord through spaces called the intervetcbral foramina found between the ADJACENT vertebrac. The spinal nerves an named according to the region of vertebral column from which they originate
i. Cervical nerves (8 pairs)
ii. Thoracic nerves (12 pairs)
iii. Lumbar nerves (5 pairs)
IV. Sacral nerves (5 pairs)
v. Coccygeal nerves (1 pair)
Each spinal nerve is a mixed containing both afferent (sen sory) and efferent (motor) fibers. It originates as two ROOT 1) a posterior doral root with a ganglion outside the spinal cord and 2) an anterior ventral root with no external ganglion.
Discussion
20024.

Question : Breeding season of cockroaches

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July-September 
January-June 
March-September 
November-January 

ANSWER :C
Discussion
20025.

Question : Breeding between animals of the same breed for 4-6 generation is called ....

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outbreeding
INBREEDING
cross breeding
outcrossing

Solution : inbreeding
Discussion
20026.

Question :Breeding between a superior male of one breed with a superior female of another breed is called ...............

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INBREEDING
OUTBREEDING
outcrossing
CROSS BREEDING

SOLUTION :cross breeding
Discussion
20027.

Question : breathing through nose is healthier than breathing through mouth why

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Solution :The NOSE has FINE hairs and mucus that can filter the air. The temperature of the inhaled air is ALSO made suitable . So it is better to INHALE through the nose RATHER than the mouth.
Discussion
20028.

Question : Breathing ratein humanis controlledby :

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Thalamus
Hypothalamus
CEREBELLUM
Medulla OBLONGATA

Answer :D
Discussion
20029.

Question : Breathing is controlled by

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cerebrum
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
cerebellum
pons

Solution :medulla oblongata
Discussion
20030.

Question : Breathingbecomes faster in feverbecause .

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Fever stimulates the respiratorycentre of brain
`O_(2)` carryingcapacitybecomes LOWER
INCREASE in temperature increases METABOLIC rate requiringmore oxygen
Oxygen is usedin fighting the germs

Answer :B
Discussion
20031.

Question : Breakdown of macromolecules of food into micromolecules is …………

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SOLUTION :N/A
Discussion
20032.

Question : Breakdown of glucose is called …………….. while formation of glucose from non - carbohydrate sources is called ………………

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SOLUTION :GLYCOLYSIS, GLUCONEOGENESIS
Discussion
20033.

Question : Break down of detritus into small praticles is called

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Fragmentation
Leaching
Catabolism
Humification

Answer :A
Discussion
20034.

Question :Break bone fever is

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typhoid
viral ENCEPHALITIS
kala-azar
dengue

ANSWER :D
Discussion
20035.

Question : Brassica Campestris Linn (a) Give the common name of the plant, (b) What do the first two parts of the name denote? (c) Why are they written in italics? (d) What is the meaning of Linn written at the end of the name ?

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Solution :(a) Common name is Mustard.
(b) First part represent the genus or GENERIC name, while the second part represent the SPECIFIC name.
(c) According to ICBN, all scientific NAMES have to be written in italics always. It is a RULE of BINOMIAL nomenclature.
(d) Linn : It is the abbreviation of the name of scientist Linnaeus, who gave the name to the plant
Discussion
20036.

Question : Branched rhizoids and leafy gametophytes are the characteristic of

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Liverworts
Mosses
Ferns
Conifers

Solution :Branched RHIZOIDS and LEAFY gametophytes are the CHARACTERSTIC of mosses.
Discussion
20037.

Question : Branch of zoology dealing with the study of amphibians and reptiles is called

Answer»

ICHTHYOLOGY
ORNITHOLOGY
HERPETOLOGY
MALACOLOGY

SOLUTION :Herpetology
Discussion
20038.

Question : Brain is the chief organ of our body. It controls endocrine function by a special structure. What is the name of it? How does it control ?

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Solution :Brain controls the endocrine system of our body by a special structure called hypothalamus. Hypothalamus is a SMALL cone shaped structure that projects downward from the brain ending into the PITUITARY stalk. It interlinks both the nervous system and endocrine system. Though pituitary gland is known as master endocrine GLANDS that controls the other endocrine glands, but it is, in turn controlled by the hypothalamus. Hypothalamus contains groups of neurosecretary cells. It PRODUCES neurotransmitters which regulate the secretions of the pituitary. The hormones produced by the hypothalamus acts either as a releasing hormone or as a inhibitory hormone.
Discussion
20039.

Question : Brain is protected by two meninges

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ANSWER :FALSE
Discussion
20040.

Question : Brain depends on blood for the supply of

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ATP and glucose
oxygen and ATP
oxygen and glucose
oxyen and electrolytes

Solution :Brain performs a number of activities like it controls the functions of our organs and also PROVIDES qualities of learning, reasoning and memory.For all the activites, brain needs a large and constant supply of energy.The brain accounts for 20% of body's consumption of oxygen and 15% of consumption of blood glucose.If brain is deprived of oxygen for just 5 minutes, it BECOMES PERMANENTLY damaged.Mental confusion occurs if brain is deprived of glucose.
Discussion
20041.

Question : Bracts are modified leaves which bear flowers in their axils. Identify the plant which has a large showy brightly coloured bract ............

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Jasmine
Euphorbia
Hibiscus
BOUGAINVILLEA

Solution :Bougainvillea
Discussion
20042.

Question : Brace roots are

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Adventitious supporting roots
BRANCHES of PRIMARY root
Ultimate branches of tap root SYSTEM
Negatively GEOTROPIC adventitious roots

Answer :A
Discussion
20043.

Question : BPGA :

Answer»


ANSWER :BiphosphoglycericAcid.
Discussion
20044.

Question : Bowman's glands are located in the

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PROXIMAL END of uriniferous tubules
anterior pituitary
female REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM of cockroach
olfactory EPITHELIUM of our nose

Answer :D
Discussion
20045.

Question :Bowman's glands are located in ..............

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Olfactory epithelium of HUMAN nose
Female reproductive SYSTEM of COCKROACH
Anterior pituitary
Proximal END of uriniferous tubules

Solution :Olfactory epithelium of human nose
Discussion
20046.

Question : Bow annuals differ from blennlall ?

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Solution :ANNUALS complete their life-cycles in ONE growing season WHEREAS biennials complete their life-cycles in two YEARS.
Discussion
20047.

Question : Bouquet arrangement of chromosome is seen in……..

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Pachytere
LEPTOTENE
Zygotene
Diplotene

ANSWER :B
Discussion
20048.

Question : Both unicellular and multicellular organisms undergo mitosis. What are the differences, if any, observed in the process between the two ?

Answer»

Solution : In unicellular organisms this type of cell division is called mitosis. In that somatic cells are directly DIVIDED into two parts.
In MULTICELLULAR organisms this process is indirect.
Nucleus is divided in unicellularorganism. It follows CYTOKINESIS. In that one nucleus is seen in cell from two.
In multicellular organisms cell elements do not divide directly. They are associated with FORMATION of chromosomes. It passes from the various phases of cell division like PROPHASE, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase.
Discussion
20049.

Question : Both tricho and filiform sclereids are found in

Answer»

LEAVES of HAKEA
Leaves of Olea
Petioles of Nymphaea
AERIAL roots of Monstera

Answer :B
Discussion
20050.

Question : Both the thin and the thick segments of the ascending limb of Henle's loop transport NACl out to the interstitial fluid. What is the difference in their respective mode of transport ?

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Solution :In the DESCENDING limb of loop of Henle, because of HIGH osmotic pressure of MEDULLARY extracellular fluid, `Na^(+)` enters the tubule. In the ascending limb of loop of Henle, `Na^(+), K^(+)` and some `CL^(-)` ions are reabsorbed actively.
Discussion