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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 20251. |
Question : Describe the ill-effects of drug abuse in males and females. Also mention the preventive measures that is to be taken to reduce such effects. |
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Answer» Solution :i) Avoid undue peer pressure - no child should be pressurised to perform beyond his/ her limits in studies/sports/activities. ii) Education and counselling channelize - childs energy into healthy pursuits like sports, reading, MUSIC and yoga. iii) Seeking help from parents and peers - GUIDANCE, advise keeping away from fiend who INDULGE them for abuse. iv) Looking for danger signs - parents and teachers should watch along with FRIENDS and should bring it to the notice incase of danger signs. v) Seeking professional and medical help - qualified psychologists, psychiatrists, REHABILITATION programmes and detoxification programmes are of great help. |
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| 20252. |
Question : Briefly explain Biological OxygenDemandin water . |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Whenthe WATER is eutrophic , BOD valuescross 1.0 level. It ISA testusedtodeterminethe amountof oxygenneeded by microbes to breakdown ORGANIC mattercompletely intoinorganicmaterials overa periodof time . When the amountof organic load is morein the waterthe BOD value also increase . | |
| 20253. |
Question : Briefly explain about the types of tapetum. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :There are two TYPES of TAPETUM BASED on its BEHAVIOUR. They are : | |
| 20254. |
Question : Briefly explain. a. Ex situ conservation b. In situ conservation c. Protected areas d. Biosphere Reserves e. Red list |
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Answer» Solution :a. Conservation outside the habitats. b. Conservation INSIDE natural habitats. c. The areas of LAND or SEA which are meant for the protection and maintenance of biodiversity, natural resources etc. d. The protected areas of land or coastal environmental to conserve the ecosystem and the genetic resources present there are known as biosphere reserves. e. RED list is a catalogue of taxa that are facing the RISK of extinction. |
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| 20255. |
Question : Briefly describe various steps involved in the development of improved varieties of crop. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :REFER pagge no. 171 NCERT Text Book Class-XII. | |
| 20256. |
Question : Briefly describe various steps involved in plant breeding |
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Answer» Solution :(i) COLLECTION of variability (II) Evaluation and selection of parents (iii) Cross hybridisation among the SELECTED parents (iv) Selection and testing of superior RECOMBINANT (v) Testing, release and COMMERCIALISATION of new cultivars. |
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| 20257. |
Question : Briefly describe various steps involved in plant breeding. |
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Answer» Solution :The mainstepsin BREEDING a new genetic variety of a crop are- i. Collection of variability ii.Evaluation and selection of parents iii. Cross HYBRIDISATION among the SELECTED parents: IV. Selection and TESTING of superior recombinants v. Testing,release and commercialisation of new cultivars |
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| 20258. |
Question : Briefly describethe structureof earwith the help of a suitablediagram. |
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Answer» Solution :(1)The ear iscomposedof the outer ear, middle ear andinternal ear. (2) The external earconsistsof the pinnaand externalauditorymeatus (canal). The pinnacollectssoundwaves comingfrom theenvironment.The externalauditory canal isthe circulartube leading insideup to the eardrum. (tympanic membrane). (3) The ear drum isformedof connective tissueshavingouter skin cover andinner mucus membrane. (4) Themiddle ear consists of chain of three ossiclescalled malleus,incus andstapes.The malleusis attached totympanicmembraneand the stapesis connectedto the oval window of theinternal ear.They helpin the transmission of soundwaves fromexternalauditorycanalto internalear. (5)Connectingmiddle earwith the pharynx is aneustachiantube which helpsin equalizingthe air pressureon eitherside of thetympanicmembrane. (6) The internal ear isfluidfilledstructurecalled bonylabyrinthand the membranouslabyrinth. (7) The membranes consist of coiledcochlea,the reissner'smembraneand basilarmembranes.Thesemembranesdivide thesurroundingperilymphfilled bonylabyrinth into an upperscalavestibule and a lowerscalatympani. (8)The space within COCHLEA which is knwon as scala media is filled with endolymph. The scala vestibule ends at the oval window at the base of cochlea. (9) Thescalatympani terminates at the roundwindow whichopensto themiddle ear.The organ of thecorti is locatedonthe brasillarmembrane.It containsthe haircells whichact asauditory receptors.A thinelasticmembraneprojects above therows of thehairscellscalled tectorialmembrane. (10) Abovethe cochlea. the internalear alsocontainsvestibularapparatus.It consistsof threesemicircularcanals whcihare in PERILYMPH and the OTOLITH organsformed of thesacculus andutriculus. (11) Thebases of canalsare swollenand are calledampullae. Whichcontain a PROJECTING ridgeknow as crista ampullariswhichcontainhair calls. (12)The sacculus and utriculus also haveprojectingridgecalledmacula. The cristaand maculaare the specificreceptorsof vestibular apparatus . They are responsiblefor maintenance of bodyposture and the balance.  .
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| 20259. |
Question : Briefly describe the various steps involved in plant breeding. |
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Answer» Solution :BREEDING of new genetic variety of crops involve- a) Collection of variability - The entire collection (of plants and seeds) having all diverse alleles for all genes in a given crop is called germplasm collection. b) Evaluation and selection of PARENTS -The germplasm is evaluated in order to identify plants with desirable combination of characters and selection of parents. c) Cross hybridisation among the SELECTED parents- Involves cross hybridizing the two parents to produce hybrids that genetically combine the DESIRED characters in one plant. d) Selection and testing of superior recombinants - It involves the selection of superior plants than both the parents among the progency of the hybrids. Plants with desired character of combination are SELF pollinated for several generations, so that the characters do not segregate in the progeny. e) Testing, release and commercialisation of new cultivars - The newly selected lines are tested and evaluated by growing in research fields. Then later, the materials are tested in farmers field for atleast three growing seasons at several agro climatic zones where the crop is usually grown, The material is evaluated in comparison to the best available local crop cultivar - a check or reference cultivar and commercialised. |
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| 20260. |
Question : Briefly describe the following : Translation |
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Answer» Solution :Translation : Translation is the process of polymerizing amino acid to form a polypeptide chain. The triplet sequence of base pairs in mRNA defines the order and sequence of amino acid in a polypeptide chain. The process of translation involves three steps : (i) Initiation (ii) Elongation (iii) Termination During the initiation of the translation, tRNA gets charged when the amino acid BINDS to it using ATP. The start (initiation) codon (AUG) present on mRNA is recognized only by the charged tRNA. The ribosome acts as an actual site for the process of translation and contains two separate site in a large submit for the attachment of subsequent amino acids. The small submit of ribosome binds to mRNA at the initiation codon. (AUG) followed by the large subunit. Then, it initiates the process of translation. During the elongation process, the ribosome moves one codon downstream along with mRNA so as to LEAVE the space for binding of ANOTHER charged tRNA. The amino acid brought by tRNA get linked with the previous amino acid through a peptide bond and this process continues resulting in the FORMATION of a polypeptide chain. When the ribosome reaches one or more STOP codon (VAA, UAG and UGA), the process of translation gets terminated. The polypeptide chain is release and the RIBOSOMES get detached from mRNA. |
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| 20261. |
Question : Briefly describe the role of biological control agents, to control pests and diseases. |
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Answer» Solution :Biocontrol is defined as controlling plant diseases and PESTS using biological methods, earlier chemicals like insecticides and pesticides were used for biocontrol. Some examples of Biocontrol are : i. Lady birds and dragon flies are used to get rid of APHIDS and mosquitoes. ii. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) are used to CONTROL butterfly caterpillars. a. Dried spores of BT are mixed with water and sprayed on plants such as brassicas and fruit trees. b. Insect larvae, after eating these are killed by the TOXIN released in their gut. c. B.Thuringiensis toxin genes have been introduced into plants to provide resistance to pests for eg : Bt. Cotton. iii. Trichoderma sps. free living fungi are present in root systems where they act against several plant pathogen. iv. Baculoviruses are pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods. a. Most of these biocontrol agents belong to the GENUS Nucleopolyhedrovirus. These are species-specific narrow spectrum insecticides. b. They do not harm plants, mammals, fish and other non-target insects. c. Baculoviruses are helpful in integrated pest management programme, in which beneficial insects are conserved. |
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| 20262. |
Question : Briefly describe the RNA interference process for preventing nematode infestation of plants. |
| Answer» Solution :RNA interference (RNAI) takes PLACE in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defence. This method INVOLVES the silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary double stranded RNA molecule that binds to it and prevents translation of mRNA. The source of this complementa ry RNA could be from an INJECTION by viruses having RNA genomes or mobile genetic ELEMENTS. | |
| 20263. |
Question : Briefly describe the following : Transcription |
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Answer» Solution :Transcription : Transcription is the process of synthesis of RNA from DNA template. A segment of DNA gets copied into mRNA during the process. The process of transcription starts at the promoter region of the template DNA and TERMINATES at the terminator region. The segment of DNA between these two region is known as transcription unit. The transcription requires RNA POLYMERASE enzyme, a DNA template, four types of ribo nucleotides and certain cofactors such as `Mg^(2+)`. The three important event that occur during the process of transcription are as follows : (i) Initiation (ii) Elongation (iii) Termination. The DNA dependent RNA polymerase and certain initiation factors bind at the double stranded DNA at the promoter region of the template strand and initiate the process of transcription. RNA polymerase moves along the DNA and leads to the unwinding of DNA duplex into two separate STRANDS. Then, one of the strands CALLED sense strand acts as template for mRNA synthesis. The enzyme, RNA polymerase, utilizes nucleoside triphosphates [dNTPs] as raw material and polymerizes them to form mRNA according to the complementary bases PRESENT on the template DNA. This process of opening of helix and elongation of polynucleotide chain continues until the enzyme reaches the terminator region. As RNA polymerase reaches the terminator region, the newly synthesized mRNA transcripted along with enzyme is relased. Another factor called terminator factor `(rho)` is required for the termination of the transcription. |
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| 20264. |
Question : Briefly describe the following : Polymorphism |
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Answer» Solution :POLYMORPHISM : Polymorphism is a form of genetic variation in which distinct nucleotide sequence can exist at a particular SITE in a DNA molecule. This HERITABLE mutation is observed at a high frequency in a population. It ARISES due to mutation either in somatic cell or in the germ cells. The germ cell mutation can be transmitted from parents to their offsprings. This results in ACCUMULATION of various mutation in a population, leading to variation and polymorphism in the population. This plays a very important role in the process of evolution and speciation. |
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| 20265. |
Question : Briefly describe the following: a. Transcription b. Polymorphismc. Translationd. Bioinformatics |
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Answer» Solution :a. Synthesis of RNA from DNA is called transcription. b. Variation at genetic levels is called polymorphism. c. The process of polymerisation of amino acid to forma polypeptide isknown as translation. d. Bioinformatics is the application of computer technology to themanagement of BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION. Computers are used to gather, STORE, analyse and integrate biological and genetic information which can then be applied to gene based discovery and drug development. The term bioinformatics was coined by Paulien Hogeweg in 1978. The need for bioinformatics capabilities has been precipitated by the explosion of publicly available GENOMIC information resulting from the human genome project. |
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| 20266. |
Question : Briefly describe the following : Bioinformatics |
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Answer» Solution :Bioinformatics is the application of computational and statistical TECHNIQUES to the field of molecular biology. It solves the practical problems arising from the management and analysis of biological data. The field of bioinformatics developed after the completion of human genome project [HGP]. This is because ENORMOUS amount of data has been generated during the process of HGP that has to be MANAGED and stored for easy access and INTERPRETATION for future use by various scientists. Hence, bioinformatics involves the creation of biological databases that store the vast information of biology. It develops certain tools for easy and efficient access to the information and its utilization. Bioinformatics has developed new algorithms and statistical methods to find out the relationship between the data, to predict protein structure and their functions and to cluster the protein sequences into their RELATED families. |
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| 20267. |
Question : Briefly describe the charecteristics of cancer cells. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :Cancer CELLS are DIFFERENT from NORMAL cells They divide in an UNCONTROLLED manner They do not undergo differentiation |
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| 20268. |
Question : Brief about female heterogamety. |
| Answer» Solution :FEMALE hetrogametry(ZO FEMALES ) refersto the CONDITION, where femaleproduces two typesof EGG cells . SOMEWITH Z chromosomeand somewithoutZ chromosome. | |
| 20269. |
Question : Breeds introduced in an area from an outside country is called heterosis. |
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Answer» True |
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| 20270. |
Question : __________________breeds of animals are introduced in an area from an outside country. |
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| 20271. |
Question : Breeding of crops with high levels of minerals, vitamins and proteins is called |
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Answer» SOMATIC hybridisation |
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| 20272. |
Question : Breeding of crops with high levels of mimerals,vitamins and proteins is called: |
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Answer» SOMATIC hybridisation |
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| 20273. |
Question : Breeding of crops which high levels of minerals ,vitamins and proteins is called |
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Answer» SOMATIC hybridisation |
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| 20274. |
Question : Breeding of animals is an important aspect of animal husbandry. What is animal breeding? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Controlled mating followed by selection in order to OBTAIN SUPERIOR genotype of DOMESTICATED animals is known as animal BREEDING. | |
| 20275. |
Question : Breeding of crops to increase its nutritional value is called: |
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Answer» Biofortification |
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| 20276. |
Question : Breeding method that help to overcome inbreeding depression is |
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Answer» Outcrossing |
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| 20277. |
Question : Breeding of animals is an important aspect of animal husbandry. What are the different types of animal breeding? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :INBREEDING, OUTBREEDING and ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION. | |
| 20278. |
Question : Breeding in a particualr season every year is an example of |
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Answer» Circannual rhythms |
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| 20279. |
Question : Breeding ground for migratory flamingo is........... |
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Answer» AREA between Khadir and Paccham ISLANDS in great Rann of Kachch |
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| 20280. |
Question : Breeding crops with the objective of increased nutritional quality is called …..... |
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Answer» |
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| 20281. |
Question : Breeding Crops with the objective of increased nutritional quality is called _____. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :BIOFORTIFICATION | |
| 20282. |
Question : Breeding crop for improved nutritional quality is referred to as A) Biomagnification B) Biofortification C) Bioremediation D) Biome |
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Answer» BIOMAGNIFICATION |
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| 20283. |
Question : Breed |
| Answer» Solution :A group of animals related by descent and similar in most characters like general appearance, FEATURES, size, CONFIGURATION etc. are SAID to BELONG to a breed. | |
| 20284. |
Question : _____breed of animals are introduced in an area from an outside country. |
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| 20285. |
Question : Breast feeding during initial period of infant growth is necessary to develop immunity of new born babies. Why ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Milk produced during initial few days of LACTATION (COLOSTRUM) contains SEVERAL antibodies essential to develop immunity/colostrum/passive immunity/IgA/Antibodies. | |
| 20286. |
Question : Breast fed babies are more immune to disease than the bottle fed babies. Why? |
| Answer» Solution :The mother.s milk consists of antibodies (lgA) such antibodies are not AVAILABLE to BOTTLE FED BABIES. | |
| 20287. |
Question : Breakdown of nucleic acids form ………. In small quantity. |
| Answer» Answer :B | |
| 20288. |
Question : Detritivores break down detritus into smaller particles. This process is called |
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Answer» fragmentation |
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| 20289. |
Question : Break down of complex organic matter into inorganic substances by decomposers is called decomposition . Some terms related to decomposition are given . Detritus , detritiv ores , fragmentation , leaching , catabolism , humification, mineralisation . Explain the above termsto give an outline of decomposition process. |
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Answer» Solution :Detritus : Includes DEAD plant remains such as leaves , BARK , flowers and dead remains of animals including feacal matter . Detritivores : Organisms thet break down detritus into smaller particles . Fragmentation : Break down of detritus into smaller particles . Leaching : Process by which water soluble inorganic nutrients GO down into the soil horizon and get precipitated as unavailable salts . CATABOLISM : Dagradation of remaining detritus into simpler inorganic substances by bacterial and fungal enzymes . Humification : Leads to accumulation of a dark coloured amorphous substance called humnus . Mineralisation : Further degradation of the humus by some MICROBES and release of inorganic nutrients occur by this process . |
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| 20290. |
Question : Break down of complex organic matter into inorganic raw material like CO_2, water and various nutrient by micro organism _____ |
| Answer» SOLUTION :DECOMPOSITION | |
| 20291. |
Question : Bread wheat is a naturally occuringautoteraploid. |
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Answer» |
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| 20292. |
Question : Brandy is produced with the help of ....(A) yeast(B) bacteria(C) mould(D) virus |
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Answer» YEAST |
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| 20293. |
Question : Brazzeinis producedby |
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Answer» PentadiplandraBrazzeana |
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| 20295. |
Question : Branching descent and natural selection are the two key concepts of Darwinian Theory of Evolution. Explain each concept with the help of a suitable example. |
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Answer» Solution :Branching descent: The process of evolution of different species in a GIVEN GEOGRAPHICAL area starting from a POINT and literally radiating to other areasof geography (habitats) is called adaptive radiation Example: The many varieties of Darwin's finches having different beaksevolved from the original seed EATING variety in the same island itsell Natural Selection. It is a process in which a heritable variation enablingbetter survival of an organism leads them to reproduce and leave a greater number of progeny Example: Excess use of herbicides and pesticides has resulted in the selection of resistant varieties, LIKE the evolution of DDT resistant mosquito. |
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| 20296. |
Question : Branchial basket is the modification of |
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Answer» MOUTH in cephalochordate |
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| 20297. |
Question : Branched rhizome is not found in |
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Answer» ZINGIBER officinate |
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| 20298. |
Question : Branched tubular gland is |
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Answer» Salivary |
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| 20299. |
Question : Branched conidiophore exist in |
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Answer» Penicillium |
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| 20300. |
Question : branch of science which deals with the study of principles and procedures for grouping of organisms is |
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Answer» classification |
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