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1351.

Question : How do plants get nutrients?

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SOLUTION :1. Nutrients are supplied to PLANTS by air, water and soil.
2. There are in all 16 ESSENTIAL nutrients for the palnts.
3. Out of these carbon and oxygen are supplied through air. Remaining 13 are obtained through the soil. They are supplied to the plants by giving them manure and fertilizers. Manure contains quantities of nutrieints. Fertilizers are commercially produced plant nutrients. They SUPPLY nitrogen, PHOSPHORUS and potassium.
Discussion
1352.

Question :A teacher in a laboratory period asked a student to identify the organ used by a female Anopheles mosquito to suck animal blood and the student correctly identified it as :

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Wings
PROBOSCIS
Spiracles
Antennae

SOLUTION :Proboscis
Discussion
1353.

Question : How do human activities affect nitrogen cycle?

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Solution :Burning fossil FUELS, APPLICATION of NITROGEN based fertilizers and other ACTIVITIES can INCREASE the amount of biologically available nitrogen in an ecosystem.
Discussion
1354.

Question : A teacher focused the slide given below under a compound microscope. Which of the following students identified it correctly? Why? (a) Sheela identified it as cheek cells.(b) Madhu identified it as squamous epithelium. (c) Balaji identified it as parenchyma. (d) Shanti identified it as onion peel

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SOLUTION :The answer is (d) as nucleus is SEEN on ONE SIDE of the cell.
Discussion
1355.

Question : How do Gymnosperms and Angiosperms differ from each other?

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
1356.

Question : A teacher advised students that while placing cover slip on the slide during preparation of temporary mount of onion peel a lot care is to be taken. Asif didn't follow the instructions. What problem, he must have faced while observing the slide under the focus of a microscope. How could it have been avoided ?

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Solution :While preparing the temporary mount of onion cell, the following care has to be taken:
(1) Spreading the sections neatly so that the layers are not overlapped.
(2) Slide should be clean and dry.
(3) Proper type of STAIN has to be used in sufficient quantity.
(4) Cover slip should be put with care so that air bubble will not enter the mounting and come in between the focus. If Asif has not taken this type of care, his mounting will be blurred and UNCLEAR. The air bubbles, excess stain and the carelessly mounted material will not ALLOW clear observation. Therefore, Asif has to take all the above steps to AVOID the trouble.
Discussion
1357.

Question : (a) Tarun was asked to draw a diagram of sclerenchyma as seen in longitudinal section and label it . His figure is given below. Point out the mistake in the figure. (b) Are the cells of sclerenchyma live or dead ?

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Solution :(a) The figure is transverse SECTION INSTEAD of longitudinal section.
(B) The CELLS of SCLERENCHYMA are dead cells.
Discussion
1358.

Question : How do good animal husbandry practices benefit farmers?

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Solution :1. ANIMAL husbandry practices give additional income for the farmers.
2. By PRACTICING cattle rearing , the draught animals are also avialble for FARMING operations.
3.The milk and milk products can be marketed for the additional income.
4. For the poultry, the RAW feed is available on the farm, which can be utilized to produce protein rich eggs and meat.
5. By following good management of animal husbandry, the benefitdoubles for the farmers.
Discussion
1359.

Question : (a) Study any angiospersm plant. Write one characteristic featrue of this group. (b) Givne one featue each of monocot and dicot plant also mention example of each.

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ANSWER :(a) Angisopersm are vascular plants which produceflowers and the seeds are enclosed in FRUITS.
(b) Monocots include those flowring those flowring plants in WICH the EMBRYO posses two single cotyldon, e.g., WHEAT.
Dicots include those flowering plants in which the embryo possess two cotyldons e.g., Gram
Discussion
1360.

Question : How do CO_(2) and water move in and out of the cell ?

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Solution :The substances LIKE `CO_(2)` and water ENTER the cell by diffusion and come out similarly from it.
Discussion
1361.

Question : A student soaked 10 g raisins in 75 mL of distilled water in two beakers A and B. He maintained beaker A at 20^(@)C and beaker B at 40^(@)C. After an hour, the percentage of water absorbed will be ...

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Same in BEAKER A and B
More in A than in B
More in B than in A
TWICE as MUCH in B as in A

Answer :A::B
Discussion
1362.

Question : How do children in many parts of India get immune to hepatitis A by the time they are five years old ?

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SOLUTION :The CHILDREN in many parts of India are exposed to hepatitis A through CONTAMINATED water and FOOD in the initial YEARS, so children develop immunity against it
Discussion
1363.

Question : A plant is kept in a dark room for about 24 hours before conducting any experiment on photosynthesis in order to …………. .

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REMOVE CHLOROPHYLL from the leaf
remove starch from the leaves
ensure that photosynthesis occurred
to PROVE transpiration

Answer :B
Discussion
1364.

Question : How do biotic and abiotic factors affect crop production?

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Solution :1. Biotic factors that affect crop production are microbes, fungi, insects, nematodes and other pests, rodents and few species of birds.
2. Abiotic factors include TEMPERATURE, water availability, humidity, soil structure, etc Drought, salinity, watger logging, soil structure, etc Drought,, salinity, watter logging heat, cold and frost are the conditions that directly INFLUENCE these abiotic factors.
d 3. Both the factorscan reduce the yield. When both the factors are interconnected they cause more losses, e.g., Crops are damaged by fungus to GREATER extent when there is humidity.
4. These factors affect the crop production in teh following way:
1. Less yield 2. Infested GRAINS with pests 3. Poor germination capacity 4. Degraded quality 5. Grains becomes discoloured and odorous 6. Poor marketability.
Discussion
1365.

Question : A plant body which is not differentiated into stem,

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THALLUS
MYCELIUM
FROND
SUBSTRATUM

ANSWER :A
Discussion
1366.

Question : A person takes concentrated solution of salt, after sometime, he starts vomiting. What is the phenomenon responsible for such situation ? Explain.

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SOLUTION :CONCENTRATED salt solution, when CONSUMED, CAUSES irritation and EXCESSIVE dehydration in the cells of various parts of alimentary canal due to exosmosis. Uncomfort stretching results in reverse peristaltic movements leading to vomiting.
Discussion
1367.

Question : How do annelid animals differ from arthropods ?

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
1368.

Question :A peculiar water-driven tube system, that is used for moving around, is seen in the phylum........

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SOLUTION :ECHINODERMATA
Discussion
1369.

Question : How do Angiosperms differ from Gymnosperms? Give one example each

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
1370.

Question : A nerve cell differs from a muscle cell is

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genetic constitution
the kinds of PROTEINS in the cytoplasm
being noncontractile
the FEATURES STATED in (b) and (c)

ANSWER :B
Discussion
1371.

Question : How classification and evolution are interrelated to each other ?

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ANSWER :N/a
Discussion
1372.

Question : (a) Name the phenomenon which helps fresh water unicellular ofganisms (e.g., Amoeba) continuously gain water in their bodies. Also name the mechanism by which these organisms throw out excess of water from their bodies. (b) Give at least two examples in plants where similar phenomenon is used to gain of water :

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Solution :(a) Fresh water UNICELLULAR organisms (e.g., Amoeba) continuously GAIN water in their bodies due to osmosis. These organisms have contractile vacuoles to throw out EXCESS of water from their bodies.
(b) (i) Absorption of water by the plant roots from the soil through root hairs occurs due to osmosis.
(II) In plants, cells, tissues and soft organs (leaves, young shoots, flowers) MAINTAIN turgidity due to osmotic absorption of water.
Discussion
1373.

Question : Tabulate the vitamins and corresponding deficency diseases.

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Solution :Vitamins BOOST the immune system , support NORMAL GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT .
Discussion
1374.

Question : (a) Name the cell organelle which is commonly termed 'protein factory' of the cell. What is its alternative name ? (b) List their types found in prokaryotic and enkaryotic cells. (c) Describe their structure.

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SOLUTION :(a) RIBOSOMES. They are also called Palade particles.
(b) 70S - ribosomes in prokaryotic CELLS and 80S - ribosomes in eukaryotic cells.
(c) Ribosomes consist of a rRNA and proteins without a membrane around them.
Discussion
1375.

Question :How are the criteria for deciding divisions in plants different from the criteria for deciding the sub-groups among animals?

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Solution :(1) Characteristics that decide the more fundamental differences are considered for making the DIVISIONS while classifying . (2) PLANTS are classified according to the morphological characteristics, presence or absence of vascular system, presence or absence of seeds, whether the seeds are enclosed in fruits and lastly possessing single or double cotyledons in the seeds. (3) Cryptogams are plants with hidden reproductive organs. Phanerogams on the other hand are plants with well-differentiated reproductive tissues. ( 4 ) The divisions of Cryptogams are based on pattern of body designs, viz. Thallophyta, Bryophyta and Pteridophyta. Whereas divisions of Phanerogams are according to the basis of naked seeds or seeds enclosed in the fruits, viz. Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. (5) Angiosperms are further divided according to number of cotyledons in the seed, viz. Monocotyledonae and Dicotyledonae. (6) Animals are classified as per presence or absence of vertebral column. (7) The cytological characteristics are also taken ACCOUNT while classifying the groups further. e.g., layers of CELLS, presence or absence of coelom, symmetry of the body, etc. (8) The individual phylum of Animal kingdom shows similar characters in the hierarchy of the classification.
Discussion
1376.

Question : (a) Name one process by which materials are exchanged through plasma membrane without the expense of energy. (b) Name one process which involves expense of energy for the transport of materials across the plasma membrane.

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SOLUTION :(a) OSMOSIS
(B) ACTIVE TRANSPORT.
Discussion
1377.

Question : (a) Name any two examples where on would find non-green chromoplasts. (b) Draw well labelled diagram of a chloroplast in section. (c) Give important function (s) of plastids.

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SOLUTION :(a) Non-green CHROMOPLASTS are found in flowers and fruits of HIGHER PLANTS.
Discussion
1378.

Question : How are the computers classified?

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Solution :The computers can be based on their design,shape,speed,efficiency,WORKING of the memory UNIT and theirapplications.The computers can be classified as FOLLOWS,
(i) Mainframe COMPUTER
(II) Mini Computer
(iii) Micro or personal computer
(iv) Super computer
Discussion
1379.

Question : (a) Many times confusion occurs about the identify of some ortanisms when they are recognized by same names in different regions . Why? (b) How can such problem of idenitiy be solved and confusion be avoided ?

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ANSWER : (a) In DIFFERENT REGION of the world, a particular species is know by one name in one part of the globe and by another naem in another part. This leads to CONFUSION about the amount of DIVERSITY and identity of living organisms.
(b) Thisproblem can be solved by following scientific nomenclature in which each species is know by a valid name all over the world
Discussion
1380.

Question : How are simple tissue different from complex tissue in plants ?

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Solution :The simple TISSUES are made up of ONE type of cells and COMPLEX tissues are made of one or mor types of cells.
Discussion
1381.

Question : A major problem in composite fish farming is lack of availabililty of good qualilty seed.

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ANSWER :1
Discussion
1382.

Question :How are Pteridophytes different from Phanerogams?

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
1383.

Question : How are photosynthesis by plantsand gas exchange by animals interrelated ?

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SOLUTION :The oxygen released by the PLANTS is INHALED by the animals. Animals exhale carbon DIOXIDE, which is taken up by the green plants for photosynthesis. Thus the photosynthesis by plants and the GAS exchanges by animals are interrelated.
Discussion
1384.

Question : (a) List various components of the nucleus. (b) What are chromosomes ? Give their chemical compositon. (c) List the type of chromosome if it has the following position of centromere. (i) in the middle.(ii) at the tip of chromosome.

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Solution :(a) NUCLEAR envelope, nuclear sap, chromatin material, nucleolus and nuclear matrix.
(b) Chromosomes are thread-like structures usually present in the nucleus and BECOME visible only during CELL DIVISON. Each chromosome is MADE up of DNA and Proteins.
(c) (i) Metacentric chromosome(ii) Telocentric chromosome.
Discussion
1385.

Question : How are fish obtained?

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Solution :Fish is OBTAINED by two fishery methods,
1 When naturally occurring, fish is captured using net and gear, it is called capture fishery. 2.When fish larvae or eggs are reared in ARTIFICIALLY made PONDS ang grown to a MARKETABLE size, then it is called CULTURE fishery.
Discussion
1386.

Question : How are diseases in plants caused?

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Solution :Diseases in plants are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and VIRUSES. These pathogens can be present in and AROUND the plants and are thus transmitted though the soil, WATER and AIR.
Discussion
1387.

Question : (a) Is the cell wall in a plant cell living or non-living ? (b) Is the cell wall in a plant cell permeable or selectively permeable ? (c) What is its chemical composition ?

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Solution :(a) A PLANT CELL wall is non-living.
(B) It is permeable.
(C) Plant cell wall is chiefly composed of insoluble fibrous polysaccharide, cellulose (carbohydrate). Centain other compounds (hemicellulose, pectins and proteins) also OCCUR in the cell wall.
Discussion
1388.

Question : How are crops protectd against the weeds and pests?

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Solution :1. Weeds are controlled by followed methods:
(i) Mechanical REMOVAL in which they are plucked. (II) Preventive methods in weed control are PROPER seed bed preparation, timely sowing of crops, inter CROPPING and crop rotation.
2. Pests are controlled by using pesticides.
3. Some other preventive measures against posts are th use of resistant varieties and summer ploughing.
4. In summer ploughing, the fields are ploughed deep in summer to destroy weeds and pests.
Discussion
1389.

Question :A ......... includes all organisms that are similar enough to breed and perpetuate. (Phylum, Class, Species)

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SOLUTION :SPECIES
Discussion
1390.

Question : How are clouds formed?

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Solution :During day time, on being heated, a large amount of water evaporates from various water BODIES and goes into the air. A part of this water vapour also reaches the atmosphere through BIOLOGICAL activities such as transpiration and respiration. This causes the air in the atmosphere to heat up.
When this heated air rises, it expands and cools, which results in the condensation of water vapour forming water DROPLETS. The presence of dust and other suspended particles in air also FACILITATES the PROCESS of condensation. The formation of water droplets leads to the formation of clouds.
Discussion
1391.

Question : How are the limbs of the birds adapted for avian life?

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Solution :(i) Birds have spindle shaped body.
(II) The FORE limbs arc modified as wings for aerial locomotion.
(iii) The air sacs present in the birds, make the bird LIGHT weight.
(iv) The body is COVERED with feathers.
Discussion
1392.

Question : (a) If a person is suffering from jaundice, name the mode of its transmission and the organ affected by this disease. (b) List one general mode of prevention of jaundice. (c) It has been observed that despite the availability of the vaccine for Hepatitis A in the market, it may not be necessary to be given to children by the time they are 5 years old. Why?

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Solution :(a) Jaundice is better known as hepatitis A. The mode of transmission of hepatitis is virus HAV. (hepatitis A virus). In hepatitis A, liver is majorly AFFECTED.
(b) For prevention of jaundice or hepatitis A, one should not use contaminated food and water. Especially during rainy season food should be cover from house flies and water should be consumed only after BOILING.
(c) By the AGE of 5 the children get naturally immunized against jaundice. Due to minor amounts of virus ENTERING in the body through water and food, children get already immunized for jaundice. Therefore, even if VACCINE is given at later age, there is no benefit of such artificial immunization.
Discussion
1393.

Question : ……………..honey bee is used to get high honey collection.

Answer»


ANSWER :ITALIAN
Discussion
1394.

Question :Hermaphrodite organisms are...................

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HYDRA, TAPE worm, EARTHWORM, Amphioxus
Hydra, Tape wonn, Earthworm, ASCIDIAN
Hydra, Tape worm, Earthworm, BALANOGLOSSUS
Hydra, Tape worm, Ascaris, Earthworm

Answer :D
Discussion
1395.

Question : (a) Identify figures A and B (b) Which has living cells and which has dead cells ? (c) which one is impermeable and does not allow substance to pass through it (d) What is common between A and B.

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Solution :(a) Figure A is surface view of EPIDERMIS showing stomata and epidermal cells Figure B shows protective tissue consisting of cork cells .
(b) A has living cells and B AHS DEAD cells.
(c) B is impermeable to GASES and water due to presence of suberin in their cell walls.
(d) Both are protective covering.
Discussion
1396.

Question : Hermaphrodite animals have both male and female sex organs.

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ANSWER :TRUE
Discussion
1397.

Question : (a) How would you differentiate between organisms belonging to subkingdoms Cryptogamae and Phanergogamae? (b) List two characters based on which sub-kingdom Phanerogae is divided onto two- sub division. Alo, name these sub-divisions.

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Answer :(a) Refer to Table 3.4., PAGE 129
(B) (i) NAKED or covered ovlues
(ii) Absenceor presence of FRUITS
Two sub-division: GYMNOSPERMAE and Angiospermae.
Discussion
1398.

Question : A healthy person is one who is free from

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diseases
MENTAL tension
diseases and mental tension
bacteria

Answer :C
Discussion
1399.

Question : A growing seeding is kept in the dark room. A burning candle is placed near it for a few days, The tip part of the seeding bends towards the burning candle. This is an example of …….. .

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chemotropism
thigmotropism
phototropism
geotropism

Answer :C
Discussion
1400.

Question : A good job and social harmony are very essential for personal health.

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Solution :We need food for good health and this food will have to be carned by doing work job).
For this good opportunities to do work have to be AVAILABLE. A good job is therefore essential to earn SUFFICIENTLY.
Be truly HAPPY, we should treat each other nicely and to keep pleasant MOOD. Not to afraid of each other and not to make any community issue as it also affect the personal health.
Hence, a good job and social harmony are very essential for personal health.
Discussion