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501.

42.in mitochondria, protons accumulate in theAIPMT (Mains)-2011](1) Intermembrane space(2) Matrix(3) Outer membrane(4) Inner membrane

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option 1 is the answer

502.

Choose the correct alternative :-Cell wall of plant cell is made of :-(a) Proteirn(c) Cellulose(1)(b) Fats(d) Protein and fat

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option C cellulose is the answer.

503.

2. How sclerenchyma tissues are important for plant though they are dead tissue ?

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•They give support to plant parts.• It stores food

504.

7. The casparian strips of root endoderm is contain a mixtureof(a)(c)(b) cellulose and lignin(d) cellulose and suberincellulose and cutinlignin and suberin8

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In plant anatomy, the Casparian strip is a band of cell wall material deposited in the radial and transverse walls of the endodermis, and is chemically different from the rest of the cell wall - the cell wall being made ofligninand withoutsuberin- whereas the Casparian strip is made ofsuberinand sometimeslignin.

hence, option (c) is correct.

505.

2. The Greeks referred to dictators as

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Aprilianoi" (Aprilians), denoting the month of the coup. The term "Aprilianoi" has become synonymous with the term "dictatorsof 1974

506.

Write the scientific name of potato.

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Solanum tuberosum is scientific name for potato.

solanum tuberosum is the scientific name

507.

17. What is binomial nomenclatursP Whointroducedit?Writethescientificnameofthefollowring(a) Man (b) House fly

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It isthe system of nomenclature in which two terms are used to denote a species of living organism, the first one indicating the genus and the second the specific epithet.

Binomial Nomenclature was formly introduced by Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus. In the binomial Nomenclature two terms are used to debote aspeciesof living organisms, the first one indicate thegenusand second one the specific epihet.Example:-Homo sapiens is the scientific name of human.

Thescientific nameofHouseflyis Musca Domestica andscientific nameofManis Homo Sapiens.

508.

what's cell membrane

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Thecell membrane(also known as theplasma membraneor cytoplasmicmembrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biologicalmembranethat separates the interior of allcellsfrom the outside environment (the extracellular space). It consists of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

509.

what is cell membrane

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It is the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.

510.

Assertion (A): The nocturnal bat can fly without crashing and capture prey.Reason (R): A sound or sounds caused by the reflection of sound waves from a surface back to thelistener.Does the reason satisfies the Assertion. Give reason for it.

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Yes the reason satisfies the assertion. The nocturnal bat does not crash because it detects the sound waves reflected by the obstacles.

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511.

Trace the reflex arc when bright light is focused on your eyes.

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Reflex arch is a neural pathway that do not directly pass into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord. When bright light is focussed on our eyes, this signal do not directly passes into the brain but synapses in the spinal cord which allows us to respond at a much faster rate and this results in immediate closing of our eyes in respond to bright light.

512.

6.4.1 Cattle Farming

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The process of breeding and raising of cattle or livestock like cow, pig, sheep, goat, horses etc. for the production of meat, milk and for other agricultural use is known as cattle farming.

513.

hat do you mean by nitrogen fixation?Vhat is nitrogen assimilation?hat enables leguminous plants to fix nitrogen?hat is animal husbandry?ORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (TYPE II): Answer these questitinguish between kharif and rabi crops, giving two examples of eathe steps involved in crop production, in sequential order.y is it important to plant seeds at the correct distances from eachy do farmers normally use a mixture of manures and fertilizers int method of irrigation will you use if you live in a dry area withainthe method.

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Nitrogen fixation is a process by which nitrogen in the Earth's atmosphere is converted into ammonia or other molecules available to living organisms. Atmospheric nitrogen or molecular dinitrogen is relatively inert: it does not easily react with other chemicals to form new compounds.

some thing short or easy

list the steps involved in crop production,i n sequential order

Name two crop plant for each of following

514.

VHAT ARE THE EVIDENCES FOR EVOLUTION?

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Evidence for evolution comes from many different areas of biology:

Anatomy.Species may share similar physical features because the feature was present in a common ancestor (homologous structures).

Molecular biology.DNA and the genetic code reflect the shared ancestry of life. DNA comparisons can show how related species are.

Biogeography.The global distribution of organisms and the unique features of island species reflect evolution and geological change.

Fossils.Fossils document the existence of now-extinct past species that are related to present-day species.

Direct observation.We can directly observe small-scale evolution in organisms with short lifecycles (e.g., pesticide-resistant insects).

515.

Vhat do you mean by ecology?

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516.

What is the name of 400 km thick bright layer around thesun?(A) Chromosphere(B) Sunspots(C) CoronaD) Photosphere

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The photosphere is the thick layer around the sun

517.

LIULIJI!5. What are the major causes of species losses in a geographical region?6 Hom1

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518.

Which seeds took the most number of days for theto come out of the soil?.stem

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We eat chana, moong, etc. after sprouting. They Eire soakedin water overnight. Then the water is drained out and they are kept in a basket or suspended in a cloth so that they can get air.Chana takes about 36-48 hours to sprout, while moong takes about 24-36 hours.

519.

ot &-mfl‘nu-% //x/,g /o herror ८८5जग =g s

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Importances of soil in human life are:1.It’s a conduit/medium for plant growth

2.soil absorbs the atmospheric nitrogen and fixes it to the plants hence maintaining the nitrogen cycle.

3.Plays vital role in maintaining phosphorous cycle

.4. It act as a stable medium to construct the buildings, houses ,dams ,powerplants etc.

5. It is one of the major source of almost all the minerals and precious rocks apart from the ocean.

6. Helps rain water to get drain/infiltrate and thus forming a ‘AQUIFER’(source of drinking water apart from lakes) and also helps to recharge underground water

520.

The functional region of contact of two neurons is .......

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The point of contact between two neurons is called a synapse.

521.

2.What happens at the synapse between two neurons?

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thank

522.

As which pass information from the brain to the effactorsThe neurons(muscles) are: 1) sensory neuronsC mixed neurons(B)(D)motor neuronsnone of these

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Correct Option: c

The neurones which pass information from brain to the effectors are motor neurons.

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523.

21. Answer the following question :-(a) Name of hormone secreted by testis and its function.(b) Name the type of movement of food in oesophagus(c) The wall which separates heart into two equal halves.(d) Name the gap present between two neurons.(e) Name the gland and its secretion, which maintains homeostasis.1S.

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a. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland control how much testosterone thetestesproduce andsecrete. The hypothalamus sends a signal to the pituitary gland to release gonadotrophic substances (follicle stimulatinghormoneand luteinizinghormone). Luteinizinghormone(LH) stimulates testosterone production

b. Typicalmovementof theesophagus,stomach, and intestine is called peristalsis

c. The interior of the heart has left and right side separated by a thick,muscularwall calledseptum.

d. Thegap between two neuronsis called a (a) dendrite. (b) synapse. (c) axon. (d) impulse.

524.

distinguish between autotropic and heterotropic cells

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autotropic can make their food itself but heterotropic depend on others

Autotrophic feels are the cells which can prepare their own food while Heterotrophic cells are the cells which are dependent on others for food

525.

5. What is sludge? Explain how it is treated

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526.

(1) Which phase shows a notch in the cytoplasm in between the centralregion ?(a) Prophase(b) Metaphase(c) Anaphase(d) Cytokinesis

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Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm to form two sister cells due to which the cytoplasm forms a notch with two separated sister cell organelles including centrioles and sister nuclei and gradually divides.

527.

o. Dictirguish anaphase of mitosis from anaphase I of metosits.

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:A key difference between mitosis and meiosis is that sister chromatids remain joined during anaphase I in meiosis, whereas in anaphase of mitosis they separate.

528.

2. Distinguish cytokinesis from karyokinesis.

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529.

cellsDistinguish anaphase of mitosis fromanaphase I of meiosis.10.

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530.

uglificancenitosis andDistinguish between anaphase of mitosisanaphase I of meiosis.

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531.

what is miotic division of cells?

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Mitosis is basically an equational division in which two equal cells are produced with the same number of chromosomes i.e. 2n. This type of division is seen in somatic cells.

532.

The persistence of sound in a big hall due to repeated reflections from thewalls is called reverberation. So, in order to reduce the reverberation inbig hall, suggest any two methods.

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533.

(i)Somatic and stem cells undergodivision.type omeios1S(b) mitosis(c) budding(d) cloning

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Stem cells do divide bymitosisand this makes them very important for replacing lost or damaged specialized cells.

In multi-cellular organisms, like ourselves,mitosisonly occurs insomatic cells, which comprise allcellsin an organism excluding germcells.Cellsthatundergo mitosisduplicate their chromosomes, resulting incellswith two times their normal haploid or diploid numbers (4N chromosomes).

somatic and stem cell goes mitosis division

534.

(1) Observe the following concept map and explain the mitosis in detail withthe help of suitable diagrams:MitosisProphaseKaryokinesisMetaphaseCytokinesisAnaphaseTelophase

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Incell biology,mitosis(/maɪˈtoʊsɪs/) is a part of thecell cyclewhen replicatedchromosomesare separated into two new nuclei. Cell division gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the number of chromosomes is maintained. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is preceded by the S stage ofinterphase(during which the DNA is replicated) and is often accompanied or followed bycytokinesis, which divides thecytoplasm,organellesandcell membraneinto two newcellscontaining roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define themitotic(M)phaseof an animal cell cycle—thedivisionof the mother cell into two daughter cells genetically identical to each other.

The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages areprophase,prometaphase,metaphase,anaphase, andtelophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to spindlefibersthat pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The rest of the cell may then continue to divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of the normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induceapoptosis(programmed cell death) or causemutations. Certain types ofcancercan arise from such mutations.

535.

15. What is Mitosis ?

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A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.

536.

Why is mitosis called equationaldivision ?

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537.

Duration for completing Mitosis is about

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Usually, cells will take between 5 and 6 hours tocompleteS phase. G2 is shorter, lasting only 3 to 4 hours in most cells. In sum, then, interphase generally takes between 18 and 20 hours.Mitosis, during which the cell makes preparations for and completescell divisiononly takes about 2 hours.

538.

5. Why is mitosis called equational division

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539.

What is binary fission?Meiotic division(b) Mitotic division(c) Both mitosis and meiosisd) Type of sexual reproductionMeiotic divisiorn

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BinaryFission vs. Mitosis Key Takeaways.Binaryfission and mitosis are both forms of asexual reproduction in which a parent cell divides to form two identical daughter cells. ...Meiosisonly occurs in sex cells (gamete formation) and produces daughter cells with half of the chromosomes of the parent cell.

540.

If any diploid (2n)cell mitosis(mitotic) division occur further five times, how many progeny are found.during all five time divisibility :- a4b8.C16.d 32

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option (a)beacause, one will be parent cell and other 4 will be progeny.

never

541.

7.8.Meiosis is also called reduction division. Why?What is an Electro Cardio Gram ?

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1) The process of meiosis involves two divisions of the genetic material. The first division is called the reduction division – or meiosis I – because it reduces the number of chromosomes from 46 chromosomes or 2n to 23 chromosomes or n (n describes a single chromosome set)

2) An Electro Cardio Gram (ECG) is one of the most common heart tests. It is the only way of uncovering certain problems with the heart’s electrical impulses. There are a number of reasons why someone may have an ECG, including an irregular heartbeat, shortness of breath when they exert themselves, significantly high blood pressure, palpitations or a suspected heart valve problem.

542.

Answer the following questions briefly.(i) What are the controls affecting the climate of India?(i) Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?(ii) Which part of India does experience the highest diurnaand why?(iv) Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar(v) What are Jet streams and how do they affect the clvi) Define monsoons. What do you understand by "breii) Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond?Why does the rainfall decrease from the east to the weive reasons as to why.il Seasonal reversal of wind direction takes place

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thanks

543.

+ VdDiode(1) 2A(a)(c)0.7 V0.42 V(b)(d)0.3 V0.052 V

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544.

+ VaDiode(1) 2A(a)(c)0.7 V0.42 V(b)(d)0.3 V0.052 V

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Voltage drop across the Silicon diode=Vd=0.7V( the in-built barrier voltage)

Option(a) is correct.

545.

/9-x2Find the domain and range of the real function f(x)Or

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Domain is 9-x² >=09 >= x²-3 <= x <= 3Range is 9 >= y

546.

/hy do deep sea divers carry oxygen cylinders on their back

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Human beings are adapted for terrestrial habitat and hence their respiratory system can utilize oxygen only in gaseous state, in aquatic habitat, organisms utilise oxygen which is dissolved in water. As humans cannot utilize dissolved oxygen deep sea divers have to carry oxygen cylinders.

547.

What are the types of vegetable garden?

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The traditional kitchen garden, also known as a potager or in Scotland a kailyaird, is a space separate from the rest of the residential garden – the ornamental plants and lawn areas.

Types of Home Gardens

1. The Container Garden

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This is the kind of garden I’m keeping – it’s an easy way to start, and works well if you have limited space. This is just my second year container gardening, and last year I struggled: The lettuce burned up in the sun, the peppers grew into a lovely plant with no actual vegetable, and the squash vines choked out the tomato plants but never actually bore fruit.

Like me, you may have a trial-and-error period, but ultimately, it’s worth it. This year, I am successfully growing potatoes, basil, and oregano, and the first few sprouts of greens and spinach are starting, which makes me feel confident that this year will be a success.

Supplies NeededContainer gardens are very easy to set up and get started. The only supplies you need are:

ContainersGardening soilHand rake or tillerSeedsWaterCompost (for heavy-feeding plants like squash)

Approximate CostThe amount of money you need to spend on your initial setup will depend on where and when you purchase your supplies. During the gardening months of early spring, most feed, grocery, anddollar storespractically give their gardening soil away. Containers will range anywhere from $5 to $10 apiece, while the rest of your items, such as seeds and hand rakes, generally range in price from $2 to $5 per item.

Overall, a small patio container garden should cost you no more than $100 for initial setup – and will probably cost much less if you grab a few containers from friends and neighbors no longer in need of them.

What to GrowThe most important thing to remember when planting in containers is that the roots of the plants can only go down so far. Make sure your containers are deep and wide enough to accommodate your vegetables. For example, most of my vegetable containers are approximately 12 to 14 inches wide and 10 to 12 inches deep. Depth is especially important when growing root vegetables, such as potatoes.

Here is a list of 10 vegetables that grow really well in containers:

TomatoesPotatoesCucumbersCarrotsPeppersGreen onionsTurnipsGreen beansLettuceSquash

While carrots and tomatoes grow well together in the same container, squash needs to be grown in its own separate pot – it’s a heavy-feeder that needs lots of compost other plants do not. As its vines grow, it can choke out other plants and keep them from moving past the seedling point.

2. The In-Ground Garden Bed

If you have good soil and a little extra room, the in-ground garden bed can be a very economical choice. An in-ground garden of 500 square feet is enough to feed a family of four for eight months out of the year with plenty left over to share with family, friends, and neighbors.

Supplies NeededFor an in-ground garden, you’ll at least need a hand tiller, seeds, and compost. You will also need a trellis and stakes to properly grow tomatoes and squash. A small fence of stones, bricks, or wood will help prevent ground runoff after especially heavy rains.

Approximate CostIf you have good soil and are going to plant directly in the ground, you’ll save a lot of money by not buying gardening soil. Bricks and wood can be inexpensively obtained, and seeds and root vegetables can be taken directly from store-bought produce.

Your cost will depend on the size of your garden. Initial setup can run you anywhere from $100 to $200, if you purchase everything outright.

What to GrowWith an in-ground garden, your options are limited only by your imagination. The most commonvegetables and fruits grown successfully in in-ground gardens are:

CabbageCornBeetsPumpkinsWatermelonSquashTomatoesPeppersPotatoesEggplant

3. The Raised-Bed Garden

This might be my next project if all goes well with the container garden vegetables. A raised-bed garden gives you a little bit more room to experiment and will offer higher yields. This type of garden is also ideal for a slightly larger space, and can be a great alternative to direct-to-ground planting, especially if your soil conditions are not ideal.

Supplies NeededIf you’ve thought about growing vegetables in a raised-bed garden but were immediately turned off by the prices of pre-made beds, you can build them yourself for a quarter of the cost. For this horticultural adventure, all you’ll need is cut cedar boards (the wood is rot-resistant), a couple of layers of newspaper, top soil, peat moss, compost, grass clippings, seeds, water, and a hand tiller.

Approximate CostAccording to theFarmer’s Almanac, building a raised-bed garden should cost no more than $10 for the frame itself. With the additional cost of the soil, seeds, and hand tiller, you’re looking at an approximate overall cost of $50 to $100 dollars given that lawn clippings, newspapers, and water are generally free. For additional savings, an extra hand tiller can always be borrowed from a friend or neighbor and compost can be made at home as outlined later in this article.

What to GrowAnything you can grow in a container garden you can grow even better in a raised-bed garden. You have more room, the soil is warmer, and the drainage is much better.

Plants that grow well in raised-bed gardens include:

RhubarbAsparagusBeansBroccoliBrusselsPumpkinsSpinach

4. The Window Box Garden

Even if you live in an apartment, you can still try your hand at horticulture with a window box garden.

Supplies NeededAll you need for a successful window box garden is a window box or hanging box (to hang off your deck), garden soil, seeds, and water.

Approximate CostA window box garden is small, and is one of the most cost-effective ways to grow herbs and vegetables. A basic cedar planter, garden soil, and seeds should run you approximately $50 to start. Remember, seeds can also be obtained from food you buy at the grocery store so you can stretch your dollars even further.

What to GrowThe best type of vegetables to grow in a window box garden are lettuce, greens, and spinach, as they are sown on top of the soil and do not have deep roots. If you would like to grow tomatoes, carrots, and tubers, build or buy a deeper box. Spices such as oregano, basil, and chives also do quite well in a window box garden.

The mostcommon vegetablesand fruits grown successfully in in-groundgardensare:

Cabbage.

Corn.

Beets.

Pumpkins.

Watermelon.

Squash.

Tomatoes.

Peppers.

1. A piece of ground appropriates to the cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers, orvegetables.gardenis often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds; as,gardenflowers,gardentools,gardenwalk,gardenwall,gardenhouse or gardenhouse.Gardenbalsam, an ornamental plant (impatiens Balsamina).

The most commonvegetablesandfruitsgrown successfully in in-groundgardensare:

Cabbage.

Corn.

Beets.

Pumpkins.

Watermelon.

Squash.

Tomatoes.

Peppers.

The mostcommon vegetablesand fruits grown successfully in in-groundgardensare:

Cabbage.Corn.Beets.pumpkins.Watermelon.Squash.Tomatoes.Peppers.

Vegetable garden

It is a small-scale form ofvegetablegrowing. Avegetable gardentypically includes a compost heap, and several plots or divided areas of land, intended to grow one or twotypesof plant in each plot.

It is a small-scale form ofvegetablegrowing. Avegetable gardentypically includes a compost heap, and several plots or divided areas of land, intended to grow one or twotypesof plant in each plot.

548.

a. Human blood is red coloured.

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Blood is redbecause of the hemoglobin inside ourred bloodcells. Hemoglobin is a protein that forms a complex with iron molecules and together they transport oxygen molecules throughout the body. Iron has the property of reflectingredlight and because there is so much ironinourblood,bloodlooksred.

549.

4. A study found that children with light-coloured eyes are likely to haveparentewith light-coloured eyes. On thislight eye colour trait is dominant or recessive?basis, can we say anything about wheiher the

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550.

sieen. Given below is thediagram of an experimentalupSUNLIGHTNO CARBONDIOXIDELIME WATER(a) What is the objective of this experiment(b) Will it work satisfactorily? Give reason.(c) What alteration(s) will you make in it for obtainingexpected result?

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a is carbon-dioxide is essential for photosynthesisb is no we should use potassium hydroxidec is your own