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The processes ofdigestionincludesix activities: ingestion, propulsion, mechanical or physicaldigestion, chemicaldigestion, absorption, and defecation. The first of these processes, ingestion, refers to the entry of food into the alimentary canal through the mouth.

Hence, option (a) is correct.

Itis called as cell aggregated body plan

the body plan in which the alimentary canal has a single opening is calledcell aggregated body plan

true digestion in take place in small intestine.

in stomach protein is digested with the help of digestive liquid pepsin which is activated by the Hcl acid.

The alimentary canal includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large ... The human digestive system as seen from the front.Please like the solution 👍 ✔️

Alimentary canal, also called digestive tract, pathway by which food enters the body and solid wastes are expelled. The alimentary canal includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. See digestion. The human digestive system as seen from the front.

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The alimentary canal is the whole passage along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus during digestion.The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion. Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body. The process of digestion has many stages

Germ layer, any of three primary cell layers, formed in the earliest stages of embryonicdevelopment, consisting of the endoderm (innerlayer), theectoderm(outer layer), and the mesoderm (middle layer).hence option d

your answer is here, zona pellucida

a) Genotypeis your complete heritable genetic identity; it is unique genome that would be revealed bypersonal genome sequencing. However, the word genotype can also refer just to a particular gene or set of genes carried by an individual. For example, if we carry a mutation that is linked to diabetes, we may refer to your genotype just with respect to this mutation without consideration of all the other gene variants that your may carry.

b) Phenotypeis a description of our actual physical characteristics. This includes straightforward visible characteristics like your height and eye color, but also our overall health, our disease history, and even our behavior and general disposition.

ThyroidGland. Thyroxine - regulates carbohydrate protein and fat metabolism; controls metabolism for balance of body growth.

PituitaryGland. Growthhormone- regulates growth and development of body.

Pancreas. Insulin - regulates or decreases blood sugar level. Glucagon - regulates or increases blood sugar.

Ans :- Thethyroidis a butterfly-shapedgland locatedin the front of the neck just below the Adams apple. Thegland wraps around the windpipe (trachea) and has a shape that is similar to a butterfly formed by two wings (lobes) and attached by a middle part (isthmus).

it is located at the neck near the Adams apple

Blood is normally slightly basic, alkaline, with a pH range of7.35 to 7.45.

Amoeba is a holozoic and protozoan. The digestion is intracellular as it is a unicellular organism. The food taken remains in a food vacuole or gastric vacuole formed by the cell membrane and a bit of the cytoplasm. The vacuoles are transported deeper into the cells by cytoplasmic movements. Here they fuse with lysosomes that contain enzymes such as amylase and proteinase. Thus, amoeba can digest sugar, cellulose and protein. Fats, however, remain undigested.

Nutrition in Amoeba:-Food - Amoeba is a holozoic and omnivorous animal. It feeds upon microscopic organisms like bacteria, Paramecium, Diatoms, Algae and dead organic matter.

Nutrition in Amoeba involves the following steps:(i) Ingestion:- Amoeba has no mouth so ingestion may occur at any point of body surface but generally it occurs at the advancing end of the body. Ingestion occurs with the help of pseudopodia. The opening of food cup gradually becomes narrower and narrower, and finally closes. So the food is finally enveloped and taken inside a food-vacuole (called phagosome) along with a drop of water.

(ii) Digestion:- Amoeba shows intracellular and vacuolar digestion. In the cytoplasm, food vacuole fuses with lysosomes containing digestive enzymes. In this, the complex and non-diffusible nutrients are changed into simple and diffusible nutrients. Medium inside the food vacuole is first acidic but later becomes alkaline, (as in the alimentary canal of man).

(iii) Absorption:_ In absorption, the diffusible nutrients pass through the vacuolar membrane into the cytoplasm by diffusion and are then distributed to all the body parts by streaming movements of cytoplasm called cyclosis. Due to this, the size of food vacuole gradually decreases.

(iv)Assimilation: In the cytoplasm, a part of the absorbed food is oxidised to produce energy, most of the simple nutrients are combined to synthesise complex compounds. Thus, the absorbed food materials are utilised to get energy through respiration and make the different parts of Amoeba cell and it leads to the growth of Amoeba.

(v) Egestion: Egestion may occur at any point on the body surface.

1)Auxins. The primary function of the auxinhormones is to elongate plant cells in thestem. For instance,auxins are the hormones responsible for phototropism, the growth of a plant toward the light.

2)Auxins,cytokinins,gibberellins,abscisic acid, andethyleneare the best known plant hormones. All are in some way involved in regulating plant growth and development. Some promote growth by stimulating cell enlargement or division while others inhibit growth by inducing dormancy or promoting senescence.

cytokinin is a plant hormon

Cytokinin is a palant hormone

cytokinin is a plant hormone

cytokinin is a plant hormone

cytokinenin is the right answer

option D Is a correct answer

cytokinin is the plant hormone

cytokinin is a plant harmone

cytokinin is the plant hormone

cytokinin is a plant hormones

d ) cytokinin is the answer

Cytokinin is a type of Phytoharmone means plant harmones.

cytokinin is one of plant horomone

option d is the correct answer as it is a plant hormone

In this question the plant hormone is "cytokinin"

I think "d" option is right

Option(D) cytokinin is the correct answerCytokinin helps in cell division

cytokinin is a plant harmone

answer d is the correct answer

The commonly called "stress hormone" of plant is Abscisic acid.

what is the other name of sex cells?

1) Allliving organismsmust be capable of releasing energy stored in food molecules through a chemicalprocessknown as cellularrespiration. In aerobicrespiration, oxygen is taken up and carbon dioxide is given out.It is not a simple process as breathing. it is complex proces.

2)When your blood flow is reduced, oxygen and other vital nutrients can't reach your muscles and lactic acid can't escape. Hence, the muscles get tired, with quick exercise, due to insufficient supply of nutrients.

3) Anaerobic respiration involves the process of fermentation.

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1.Growth hormone (GH)sounds like a hormone that would help you grow, and if you thought that, then you are correct! Growth hormone is a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that promotes growth. It does this in a number of ways, including stimulating cells to grow and divide, increasing bone and muscle growth, and increasing protein synthesis. As you might have guessed, growth hormone is vital for normal physical growth in children; its level rises throughout childhood and peaks during puberty when the pre-teen hits his or her growth spurt.

2.Prolactin (PRL)is a hormone released from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates milk production after childbirth. You can recall this hormone by noting that the prefix 'pro' means 'for' and the suffix 'lactin' refers to 'milk.' So, prolactin is a hormone that is 'for milk production.' In breast-feeding mothers, a suckling infant causes afferent nerve impulses to travel from the lactating breasts to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus then tells the anterior pituitary to allow the release of prolactin.

It is interesting to note that when a woman is breast feeding, her serum prolactin concentrations are high, and this contributes to curbing the hormones that trigger ovulation, which in turn reduces fertility. Therefore, when a woman is breast feeding, she has some protection against getting pregnant. Of course, this is not a 100% guaranteed and should not be counted on as a birth control method. The function of prolactin in males is not known.

3.When we look at hormones that have other endocrine glands as their target, we call themtropic hormones. The four tropic hormones of the anterior pituitary gland are: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). You can remember these hormones by noticing that the first letter of each can be combined to spell the word 'FLAT.'

A regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.These hormones help in regulation of the plant body by responding to the various signals from the plant and environment.The hormones are regulated in different tissues during the different development stages.There are five major hormones which are auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, and ethylene. Each hormone differs in its effects.The auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins act as growth stimulators, whereas, abscisic acid and ethylene act as growth inhibitors. Plant hormones are simple in their structure as compared to those of animals or humans. There are no specific or specialized glands that produce these hormones. In fact, they are synthesized anywhere in the plant and act on any part as their target. Besides the hormones, there are manyplant growth factorsthat affect the function and growth of plants

1] auxin - it promotes plant growth and fruit growth2] gibberlins- it helps in fruit growth3] cytokinins -its function is same as gibberlins4] abscisic acid- it inhibits plant growth and is also responsible for the falling of leaves fruitsand flowers

Plant hormones are signal molecules produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations. They exert strong control over plant development and can either act locally or in more distant part of the plant.

u have taken my a lot of my time

Opening and closing of stomata is due to changes to turgor in guard cellsso B) is correct

the tendrils are sensitive to touch.as these tendrils come in contact with the support the auxins diffuses towards the other side away from the support .so this part grows more rapidly than the other. this causes the tendrils to circle around the support and the climb upward

Auxinis plant hormone which is synthesized at the tip of the shoot. It helps the cell grow longer. When atendrilcomes in contact with asupport,auxinstimulates fastergrowthof the cells on the opposite side that's why thetendrilforms a coilaroundthesupport.

AuxinPromote flowering in plants like pineapple.

Help to initiate rooting in stem cuttings.

Prevent dropping of fruits and leaves too early.

Promote natural detachment (abscission) of older leaves and fruits.

Control xylem differentiation and help in cell division.

Gibberellins

Increase the axis length in plants such as grape stalks.

Delay senescence (i.e. ageing) in fruits. As a result, their market period is extended.

Help fruits like apples to elongate and improve their shape.

Functions of Abscisic Acid:

1. Bud Dormancy:

Abscisic acid induces dormancy of buds towards the approach of winter.

. Seed Dormancy:

It is mainly caused by abscisic acid. Dormancy allows seeds to tolerate desiccation and extremes of temperature better. The buds as well as seeds sprout only when abscisic acid is overcome by gibberellins. Because of its action in inducing dormancy, abscisic acid or ABA is also named as dormin.

3. Stoppage of Cambium Activity:

Formation of abscisic acid stops mitosis in vascu­lar cambium towards the approach of winter.

4. Abscission:

Abscisic acid promotes abscission of flowers and fruits.

5. Leaf Senescence:

Its excessive presence stops protein and RNA synthesis in the leaves and hence stimulates their senescence (leaf fall is actually promoted by ethylene).

Function of Gibberellins. Gibberellins aregrowth hormonesthat stimulatecellelongation and cause plants to grow taller. Gibberellins also have a role in other plant processes, such asstemelongation, germination, flowering, andfruitripening

Auxinspromote stem elongation, inhibit growth of lateral buds (maintains apical dominance). They are produced in the stem, buds, and root tips. Example: Indole Acetic Acid (IA). Auxin is a plant hormone produced in the stem tip that promotes cell elongation

Abscisic acid owes its names to its role in the abscission of plant leaves. In preparation for winter, ABA is produced in terminal buds. This slows plantgrowthand directs leaf primordia to develop scales to protect the dormant buds during the cold season

The process of taking air into and expelling it from the lungs is calledbreathing. The action ofbreathingin and out is due to changes of pressure within the thorax, in comparison with the outside. ... When we inhale the intercostal muscles (between the ribs) and diaphragm contract to expand the chest cavity.

The process of taking air into and expelling it from the lungs is called breathing.The action of breathing in and out is due to changes of pressure within the thorax, in comparison with the outside. This action is also known asexternal respiration. When we inhale the intercostal muscles (between the ribs) and diaphragm contract to expand the chest cavity. The diaphragm flattens and moves downwards and the intercostal muscles move the rib cage upwards and out.

This increase in size decreases the internal air pressure and so air from the outside (at a now higher pressure that inside the thorax) rushes into the lungs to equalise the pressures.

When we exhale the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax and return to their resting positions. This reduces the size of the thoracic cavity, thereby increasing the pressure and forcing air out of the lungs.

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Health is a state of well being physically, mentally and socially

Health can be defined as the condition of a person’s body or mind or the state of being well and free from illness.

Health is A state of of being well enough to function well physically, mentally and socially.

health is something which is related to our body and mind, for which we have to prepare physically, mentally and socially. Then we can achieve the things we want

(a) Carotenoids are powerful anti-aging antioxidants

(b) Blood and lymph are two body fluids.

(c) Red blood cells(RBCs) also known as erythrocytes have two main functions: To pick up oxygen from the lungs and deliver it to tissues elsewhere. To pick up carbon dioxide from other tissues and unload it in the lungs.(d) Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria and requires Oxygen and glucose and produces carbon dioxide water and energy the chemical equation is C6H12O6 + 602 -> 602 + 6 H2O

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the conducting tissue that carries organic solutes or food materials from leaves to growing parts of plants

Ans :- Biotechnologyhasapplicationsin four major industrial areas, including health care (medical), crop production and agriculture, non-food (industrial)usesof crops and other products (e.g. biodegradable plastics, vegetable oil, biofuels), and environmental uses.Biotechnology means any technological application that uses biological systems or living organisms to make or modify products or processes for specific use. It refers to the use of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, or biological substances such as enzymes, to perform specific industrial or manufacturing processes. Applications include production of certain drugs, synthetic hormones, and bulk foodstuffs as well as bioconversion of organic waste. Bio- Technology is concerned with variety of subjects including Biochemistry, Genetics, Microbiology, Chemistry and Engineering. Biotechnology has wide areas of application in Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, development of Medicines and Vaccine, treatment of prolonged disease, pollution control and waste management and ecological conservation, energy production and conservation and many more.

Effectiveness: The LNG-IUS and the TCu-380A are both highly effective at preventing pregnancy. The LNG-IUS has a pregnancy rate of < 0.5 percent at 5 years, and the TCu-380A has a cumulative failure rate of 2.2 percentafter 12 years of use.• Acceptable Client Groups: Both the LNG-IUS and the TCu-380A are safe and suitable for nearly all women,including younger (under 20 years old) and older women (over 40 years old), women who are postpartum or postabortion, nulliparous and nulligravid women, single and married women, breastfeeding women, HIV-infected women, and women with AIDS who are doing clinically well on antiretrovirals. • PID: The risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or infertility with use of the LNG-IUS or TCu-380A is very low. A low risk of PID with both is limited to the first 3 to 4 weeks after insertion, beyond which the risk is comparable to nonusers. • Mechanism of Action: Both methods prevent pregnancyprior to fertilization and/or implantation.• Return to Fertility: After removal of either device, there is no delay in a woman’s return to fertility.• HIV: Women with HIV who use the LNG-IUS or the TCu-380A have no increase in genital shedding of the virus.• Continuation: Users of the methods tend to be highly satisfied, and continuation rates are similar for both.• Counseling: Pre-insertion counseling on side effects has been shown to improve continuation rates of both the LNG-IUS and the TCu-380A. • Active Ingredient: The LNG-IUS releases the hormone levonorgestrel (the progestin widely used in implants and oral contraceptive pills) directly into the uterine cavity, while the TCu-380A is a nonhormonal method and contains copper. • Length of Use: The LNG-IUS is approved for 5 years and may be effective for up to 7 years. In contrast, the approved lifespan of the TCu-380A is 10 years, and it may be effective for at least 12 years. • Effect on Menstruation: Use of the LNG-IUS typically leads to decreased menstrual bleeding or amenorrhea(absence of bleeding), whereas the TCu-380A is associated with somewhat increased menstrual blood loss.• Non-Contraceptive Medical Uses: The LNG-IUS has non-contraceptive health benefits that nonhormonal IUDs,including the TCu-380A, do not have. Most notably, the LNG-IUS can treat menorrhagia (abnormally long, heavy menstrual flow) effectively.• Insertion: Insertion techniques for the LNG-IUS are different from techniques required for the TCu-380A and other IUDs, and require additional training.• Reasons for Discontinuation: LNG-IUS users are significantly more likely to discontinue use because of amenorrhea, whereas TCu-380A users are more likely to discontinue use because of heavy bleeding and pain.• Cost and Programmatic Availability: The commodity cost of the LNG-IUS is much higher than the TCu-380A. As a result, the LNG-IUS is not available in many resource-constrained settings, whereas the TCu-380A is

In genetics, complementary DNA (cDNA) is DNA synthesized from a single stranded RNA (e.g., messenger RNA (mRNA) or microRNA) template in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. cDNA is often used to clone eukaryotic genes in prokaryotes. When scientists want to express a specific protein in a cell that does not normally express that protein (i.e., heterologous expression), they will transfer the cDNA that codes for the protein to the recipient cell. cDNA is also produced naturally by retroviruses (such as HIV-1, HIV-2, simian immunodeficiency virus, etc.) and then integrated into the host's genome, where it creates a provirus.

The term cDNA is also used, typically in a bioinformatics context, to refer to an mRNA transcript's sequence, expressed as DNA bases (GCAT) rather than RNA bases (GCAU).

cDNA is derived from eukaryotic mRNA, so it contains only exons, with no introns.

Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, commonly used as a biological pesticide. B. thuringiensis also occurs naturally in the gut of caterpillars of various types of moths and butterflies, as well on leaf surfaces, aquatic environments, animal feces, insect-rich environments, and flour mills and grain-storage facilities. It has also been observed to parasitize other moths such as Cadra calidella—in laboratory experiments working with C. calidella, many of the moths were diseased due to this parasite.

Stakeholderscan affect or be affected by the organization's actions, objectives and policies. Some examples of keystakeholdersare creditors, directors, employees, government (and its agencies), owners (shareholders), suppliers, unions, and the community from which the business draws its resources.

People having common interests in forest.

Anapoenzymeis an inactive enzyme, activation of the enzyme occurs upon binding of an organic or inorganic cofactor. Holoenzyme- Anapoenzymetogether with its cofactor. A holoenzyme is complete and catalytically active. Most cofactors are not covalently bound but instead are tightly bound.

a biochemically active compound formed by the combination of an enzyme with a coenzyme.

C. No plants No rainfall

i think ‘A ' becouse no plant on the earth we get oxygen gain no humans on the earth

c no rainfall no tree

My answer is (c) because if there is no plants on earth there is no rainfall

The salts dissolved in seawatermake it more dense thanfresh water. This means youfloathigher, making iteasier to swim. ... Whensaltis dissolved inwater, as it is in oceanwater, that dissolvedsaltadds to the mass of thewaterand makes thewaterdenser than it would be withoutsalt.

Natural selection favours the leaf butterfly because it shows:(b) batesian mimicry