Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

A collection of cells performing a specific function is called tissue. Plant tissues can be grouped into plant tissue systems each performing specialized functions. A plant tissue system is defined as a functional unit connecting all organs of a plant.

Tissue cultureis the growth oftissues or cells separate from the organism.

This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar.

In vitroplantcells, tissues and organculturesare not fully autotrophic establishing a need forcarbohydratesinculturemedia to maintain the osmotic potential, as well as to serve as energy and carbonsourcesfor developmental processes including shoot proliferation, root induction as well as emission

rearing of fishes is know as pisciculture .

Ans :- Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells separate from the organism. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar.

In humans, biological sex is determined by five factors present at birth: the presence or absence of a Y chromosome (which alone determines the individual's genetic sex), the type of gonads, the sex hormones, the internal reproductive anatomy (such as the uterus in females), and the external genetilla.

1)Yeast is the microbe is used to extract ethanol from fruit juices and sugar molasses.

2)Ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process which converts sugars such asglucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol andcarbon dioxideas by-products.

3)Example of beverages obtained by microbial fermentation are wine, beer, chikokivana, whisky, moutai, malt whisky etc.

Examples of chemicals obtained by microbial fermentation are cellulose, etahnol, lactic acid, acetic acid, riboflavin etc.

4)Extensive properties, such as mass and volume, depend on the amount of matter being measured. Intensive properties, such as density and color, do not depend on the amount of the substance present. Physical properties can be measured without changing a substance's chemical identity.

It is important to understand physical properties because:-(i)They help classify matter and recognize different things like the difference between toxins and something harmless. (ii)Physical properties can also be used to determine the freezing or boiling pont of an object(it can determine the freezing point of water).

Photosynthesis.Carbohydrates are formed in green plants by photosynthesis, which is the chemical combination, or "fixation", of carbon dioxide andwaterby utilization of energy from the absorption of visiblelight.

Plants synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide andwaterthrough photosynthesis

carbohydrate digestionstart in mouth with the help of chewing and salivary amylase in combination of mechanical and chemical action. while the process take place in small intestine. Because amylase enzyme doesnot work instomachdue to acidic conditions. Thats whystomachcannotdigest carbohydrate.

Extra glucose in the body is converted into glycogen(a complex carbohydrate like starch)and stored in the liver(a small amount is stored in the muscles as well).This glycogen is converted to glucose when blood glucose level falls. This process helps us to maintain blood sugar levels in between meals.

Glycogen is anenergy rich carbohydrate storedin large quantities inliver and muscle cells

Hit like and BeScholr

The kidneys perform the essential function of removing waste products from the blood and regulating thewaterfluid levels. The diagram below shows the basicstructureof the kidney. The kidneys receive blood through the renal artery.

it's filter blood and digestive food

Ans :- Light enters the eye through thecornea, the clear front surface of the eye, which acts like a camera lens.

The iris works much like the diaphragm of a camera--controlling how much light reaches the back of the eye. It does this by automatically adjusting the size of the pupil which, in this scenario, functions like a camera's aperture.

The eye’s crystalline lens sits just behind the pupil and acts like autofocus camera lens, focusing on close and approaching objects.

Focused by the cornea and the crystalline lens, the light makes its way to the retina. This is the light-sensitive lining in the back of the eye. Think of the retina as the electronic image sensor of a digital camera. Its job is to convert images into electronic signals and send them to the optic nerve.

The optic nerve then transmits these signals to the visual cortex of the brain which creates our sense of sight.

human eye is one of the most valuable and sensitive organ in human body . it enables us to see wonderful world and colours around us.

Human eye consists of1: Cornea 2:iris 3: pupil4:retina

eye

Ligaments are soft collagenous tissues which connect bone to bone and tendons connect muscles to bone. it plays a significant role in musculoskeletol biomechanics.

a. 1. Ovaries are the female gonads the primary female reproductive organs. These glands have three important functions: they secrete hormones, they protect the eggs a female is born with and they release eggs for possible fertilization.

2.The Oviduct is the tube that links theovaryto theuterusand which the ovulated oocyte travels down to become fertilised by sperm present in the female tract. It is also refered to as theFallopian tube, Uterine tube or Ovarian tube.

3.Functions of the uterusincludenurturing the fertilized ovum that develops into the fetus and holding it till the baby is mature enough for birth. The ferlized ovum gets implanted into the endometrium and derives nourishment from blood vessels which develop exclusively for thispurpose.

theplacentais thecomposite structure of embryonic and maternal tissues that supplies nutrients to the developing embryo. The placenta is a unique organ, found only in mammals, that allows the mother to provide a very large amount of nutrients to her offspring for an extended period of time before they are even born.

The placenta serves as an interface between the mother and the developing fetus and has three main jobs:

Attach the fetus to the uterine wall

Provide nutrients to the fetus

Allow the fetus to transfer waste products to the mother's blood

The placenta is composed of both maternal tissue and tissue derived from the embryo. Thechorionisthe embryonic-derived portion of the placenta. It is composed of trophoblasts, which you may remember are the cells that made up the outer cell layer of the blastocyst. You may also remember that during implantation the trophoblasts multiply in number and extend into the uterine wall. They eventually form finger-like structures calledchorionic villi, which arefinger-like structures of the placenta composed of embryo-derived trophoblasts. The chorionic villi are surrounded by maternal blood which comes into direct contact with the embryonic trophoblast cells. Theintervillous spaceisthe part of the placenta that surrounds the chorionic villi and contains maternal blood.

The 3 functions of stomata are -

1.It help in the loss of water in the form of water vapors from the leaves thereby causing the cooling of leaves.

2 It helps in the gaseous exchange.

3.It is responsible for the movement of ascent of sap.

The gas exchange that occurs when stomata are open facilitatesphotosynthesis.Photosynthesisis the process by which plants convert sunlight into usable energy. Duringphotosynthesis, carbon dioxide is taken in from the atmosphere through the stomata and oxygen is released as a waste product

The stomach secretes acid and enzymes that digest food. Ridges of muscle tissue called rugae line the stomach. The stomach muscles contract periodically, churning food to enhance digestion. The pyloric sphincter is a muscular valve that opens to allow food to pass from the stomach to the small intestine.

Nosie is measured in decibels

answered the questions

Chloroplasts areorganelles, specialized compartments, inplantandalgalcells. The main role of chloroplasts is to conductphotosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigmentchlorophyllcaptures theenergyfromsunlightand converts it and stores it in the energy-storage moleculesATPandNADPHwhile freeingoxygenfrom water. They then use the ATP and NADPH to make organic molecules fromcarbon dioxidein a process known as theCalvin cycle. Chloroplasts carry out a number of other functions, includingfatty acid synthesis, muchamino acidsynthesis, and theimmune responsein plants. The number of chloroplasts per cell varies from one, in unicellular algae, up to 100 in plants likeArabidopsisandwheat.

A chloroplast is a type of organelle known as aplastid, characterized byits two membranesand a high concentration ofchlorophyll. Other plastid types, such as theleucoplastand thechromoplast, contain little chlorophyll and do not carry out photosynthesis.

Chloroplasts are highly dynamic—they circulate and are moved around within plant cells, and occasionallypinch in twoto reproduce. Their behavior is strongly influenced by environmental factors like light color and intensity. Chloroplasts, likemitochondria, contain their ownDNA, which is thought to be inherited from their ancestor—a photosyntheticcyanobacteriumthat was engulfed by an earlyeukaryoticcell. Chloroplasts cannot be made by the plant cell and must be inherited by each daughter cell during cell division.

With one exception (theamoeboidPaulinellachromatophora), all chloroplasts can probably be traced back to a singleendosymbiotic event, when a cyanobacterium was engulfed by the eukaryote. Despite this, chloroplasts can be found in an extremely wide set of organisms, some not even directly related to each other—a consequence of manysecondaryand eventertiary endosymbiotic events.

The wordchloroplastis derived from the Greek wordschloros, which means green, andplastes, which means "the one who form".

The tissue which is found in the pulp of pears is a permanent tissue, this tissue is known as Sclerenchyma tissue which is also known as sclereids.

This tissue serves as a support in the plants, the cells of Sclerenchyma are dead usually and the walls of these cells are really thick. These cells have various shapes and sizes, but the two main cells are known as fiber and sclereids.

These cells are found in the stem, the roots and also in the leaves and in the case of fruits, in this case, these are found in the plums and are found in the form of the seeds.

Ans :- Avascular bundleis a part of the transport system invascularplants. The transport itself happens invasculartissue, which exists in two forms: xylem and phloem. Both these tissues are present in avascular bundle, which in addition will include supporting and protective tissues.

PLEASE LIKE THE ANSWER

Fern is a vascular seedless plants.It belongs to division pteridophytes.Pteridophytes are come under the category of cryptogamae. Whereas phanerograms included plants having seeds i.e.Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.

option a is the answer.The water vascular system is a unique and defining characteristic of echinoderms. It is a vital part of the system and exhibits control over the hundreds to thousands of tube feet that live in the ambulacral grooves. Tube feet (podia) participate in locomotion, gas exchange, feeding, attachment, and sensory reception.

nervous tissues are present in the brain

nervous tissues are present in the brain

option D it is the secondary meristem

Difference between Meristematic Tissues and Permanent tissues:

(1). Meristematic Tissues:

(1).Meristematic tissue composed of undifferentiated cells

(2).Meristems will be always a simple tissue, composed of only one type of cells

(3).Cells are always living

(4).Cells always contain dense cytoplasm

(5).Cells always contain prominent nucleus

(6).Cells divide very rapidly

(7).Cells are smaller and isodiametric in shape with large lumen

(8).Cells are compactly packed without inter-cellular spaces

(9).Cells usually lack vacuoles

(10).Cells show very high rate of metabolism

(11).Cell wall very thin and cellulosic

(12).Cells do not undergo secondary thickening

(13).Lignified secondary cell wall completely absent

(14).Cells only contain primary pit fields

(15).Cellular inclusion and ergastic substances completely absent in the cells

(16).Cells do not store reserve food materials

(17).Meristematic tissues produce permanent tissues

(18).Meristematic tissues are restricted to certain parts of plant body

(19).Example: Root apex, Shoot apex

(20).Primary function of meristem is to assist in plant growth

(2). Permanent Tissues:

(1).Permanent tissue composed of differentiated cells

(2).Permanent tissues may be simple tissue or complex tissues (usually complex tissue, containing more than one type of cells, example: xylem, phloem)

(3).Cells may be living (Parenchyma and Collenchyma) or non-living (Sclerenchyma)

(4).Cells may or may not contain cytoplasm (Parenchyma contain cytoplasm, Sclerenchyma do not contain cytoplasm)

(5).Prominent nucleus present in some cells (Parenchyma) absent in others (Sclerenchyma)

(6).Cells do not divide, they are completely differentiated

(7).Cells are larger, varying in shape with very wide or very narrow lumen

(8).Cells loosely packed in parenchyma and compactly packed in sclerenchyma

(9).Living cells are vacuolated but dead cells are devoid of protoplasm

(10).Metabolic rate usually very less or no metabolism at al

(11).Cell wall cellulosic (Parenchyma and Collenchyma) or lignified (Sclerenchyma)

(12).Cells may or may not undergo secondary thickening

(13).Lignified secondary cell wall sometimes present (as in Sclerenchyma)

(14).Cells usually contain many advanced types of pits

(15).Ergastic substances and cellular inclusion usually present

(16).Some cells store reserve food materials such as starch

(17).Permanent tissues are derived from meristematic tissues

(18).Permanent tissue are found throughout the plant body

(19).Example: Xylem, Phloem, Mesophyll

(20).Primary function varies with tissue types. It may be conduction, provide mechanical support, or carryout photosynthesis

i got the answer first only

it is in plant tissues

one who divides tissue it occurs in plants

meristem is tissue having the property of cell division and it is present in tip of shoot and tip of root

Meristematic Tissue in Plants. Apical meristem is present on root and shoot tips of the plant. Intercalary meristem is present on leaf base and nodes. Lateral meristem is responsible for increase in circumference i.e. girth of the stem or root of the plant.

F1stands for the first filial generation that was obtained on cross pollinating the parent plants.F2stands for the second filial generation that is obtained by self pollinating theF1generation plants. P generation (parental generation) generally defines the individuals that begot the offspring (calledF1)

F1 Generation Definition. The F1 generation refers to the first filial generation. Filial generations are the nomenclature given to subsequent sets of offspring from controlled or observed reproduction. ... The F1 generation can reproduce to create the F2 generation, and so forth.

An injection is a shot, or a dose of medicine given by way of a syringe and a needle. When you get jabbed in the arm with a tetanus vaccine, that's an injection.

The medical kind of injection forces a small amount of a drug under the skin or directly into a muscle. Other injections are similar in that they involve a liquid being forced by pressure, like the fuel injection in a car, which pushes gasoline directly into the engine. Since the 1600s, injection has been used to mean "forcing a fluid into a body," from the Latin inicere, "to throw in" or "to throw on."

Veins are the blood vessels which are much closer to the body surface so it is quite easy to inject required chemical in that vessel. Also veins carry blood to the heart so any chemical injected into the veins is carried to heart where it mixes with other blood and then carried by arteries from heart to the body parts. Generally injected fluid is in concentrated form so if we inject it in arteries,there may be possibility that concentrated fluid damage the tissue.

Veins are more easily accessible, many being superficial, no high pressure so no risk of the blood backing up into the infusion fluid which would defeat its purpose, and after removing the needle no need to press firmly for 5 minutes to prevent a hemorrhage from taking place.

Under special circumstances however we do inject substances into an artery, taking all precautions needed to e.g. prevent blood spill or bleeding afterwards, e.g. injecting blood vessel dilatory drugs likeMethyldopain conditions where arteries spasm causing lack of blood mostly in hand/feet fingers/toes inRaynaud's disease, in inoperable tumors sometimes blood clots or other solids are injected into the artery that feeds the tumor, thus causing the tumor to (partially) die off because of the lack of blood feeding it so slow the growth and make it more sensitive to chemotherapy and radiation treatment seeCatheter Embolization, and then in rare cases chemotherapy is administered into the artery feeding the tumor which might be in the pancreas, liver, brain, eye

Cartilageis a connectivetissueconsisting of a dense matrix of collagen fibres and elastic fibres embedded in a rubbery ground substance. ... That is, maturecartilagecells are called chondrocytes. They occur, either singly or in groups, within spaces called lacunae (sing.

skeletal connective tissue

skeletal tissue....It is of two types - bones and cartilage

these are the types of connective tissue

Cartilage and bones are types of connective tissue

cartilage and Bone are connective tissue

cartilage and bones are connective tissue

cartilage and bone are types of connective tissue

Cartilage and bone are type of specialised form of connective tissue

it is a type of connective tissue

they are the types of connective tissue.

these are types of connective tissue

Cartilage and bone are types of connective tissue

cartilage and bone both are connective tisse

Cartilages and bones are collectively known as Supportive Connective Tissue ( Skeletal Tissue).

The similarities and differences betweenbone and cartilage, and how the properties of cartilage and bone differ from those of other connective tissues.

How cartilage issynthesised, how it grows and how it is nourished.

What thethree types of cartilageare and how their structures relate to their different properties and functions.

Thenames of the different types of cellare that are found in bone, and what their functions are.

Howbone is made, grows and is nourished.

How to recognise thedifferent types of bone, and define their functions.

The processes involved in twotypes of ossification- endochondral and intramembranous

Recognise the zones of anepiphyseal plate, and know about how bone grows, and how and why it is remodelled.

cartilage and bone are type of connective tissue

There are three types ofcartilage: hyaline, fibrous, andelastic cartilage.Hyaline cartilageis the most widespread type and resembles glass. In the embryo, bone begins ashyaline cartilageand later ossifies. Fibrous cartilage has many collagen fibers and is found in the intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis.

cartilage and bone is example of connective tissue

Hyaline cartilage contains a lot of collagen; it contains type II, specifically. Type I is found in bones, organs, skin, and tendons, and most of the collagen in the human body is type I. However, cartilage is composed of type II. Hyaline cartilage also contains themoleculechondroitin sulfate, which helps it to resist being compressed. However, it is the weakest of the three types of cartilage because its collagen fibers are very fine.

Hyaline cartilage is very uniform in appearance. It is surrounded by a membrane called the perichondrium, which provides nutrients to the cartilage since the cartilage tissue has no blood vessels of its own.

The dark spots are chondrocytes, while the light-colored circles surrounding them are the lacunae. In microscope images, the collagen in hyaline cartilage is not visible because it is so fine. The other types of cartilage, elastic and fibrocartilage, have visible collagen when viewed under a microscope.

Thematrix of cartilage is made upof glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, collagen fibers and, sometimes, elastin. Cartilage is composedof specialized cells called chondrocytes that produce a large amount of collagenous extracellularmatrix, abundant ground substance that is rich in proteoglycan and elastin fibers

The body ofcartilaginousfishes such as shark, Scoliodon, Torpedo is entirelymadeofcartilage

There are 56phalangesin thehumanbody, with the thumbs and largetoeshaving 2 bones each. The remaining fingers andtoeshave 3 bones with the fourth and fifthtoeshaving fusedphalanges. Thisgivesrise to thephalangeal formulaof 2+3+3+3+3 bones per limb

Cartilage is composedof specialized cells called chondrocytes that produce a large amount of collagenous extracellular matrix, abundant ground substance that is rich in proteoglycan and elastin fibers.

each foot composed of 30 bones .femur +patela+tibia+fibula+ankle bone or tarsals +metatarsals+phalengs followed by 1+1+1+1+7+5+14

Ans :- Remove the seed coat using a needle.• Keep the parts on a filter paper and observe the parts carefully.

Healthy means that the body functions works well Disease free means that the body is not suffering from a particular disease

healthy means the state of being physically mentally and socially fit and disease means without comfort.

hope it helps:-)

Health is the condition when the body functions normally.Disease free means when the body is not suffering from disease i.e.the body is healthy.

Diseases that are caused byvirusesinclude the common cold, influenza, herpes, yellow fever, shingles, rabies, polio, and mononucleosis.Protozoaare single celled organisms. Mostprotozoado not cause infections, but a few do. Malaria, dysentery, African sleeping sickness are caused by different species ofprotozoa.

leishmania us a Bacteria

Wrong answer

than what is it???????

It's answer is given , protozoan ...

It is protozoa.Leishmania is a genus of trypanosomes that are responsible for the disease leishmaniasis. They are spread by sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World, and of the genus Lutzomyia in the New World. At least 93 sandfly species are proven or probable vectors worldwide

Mycobacteriumtuberculosis is the organism that is the causative agent for tuberculosis (TB).

Both a and b..option cPenicillin is an antibiotic drug which interfere in the biological path of bacteria hence both a. and b

thanks😀😂😁

c. both a and b

Genetic engineering is used in agri and medical field

false.carnivore use herbivores as their food who are dependent on producers for their food.

smallest microorganism is PPLO hence False

AIDS is a viral disease caused by retrovirus hence false

True. Rhizopus is known as bread mould.

True. Cholera is caused by vibrio cholerae.

False. Challydomonas is a unicellular algae.

False. Virus cannot multiply in dead tissue.

True. Ringworm can be prevented by being hygienic.

False. Sleeping sickness is a protozoal disease caused by trypanosoma.

True. penicillium produces the antibiotic penicillin.

True. Antibiotics treat bacterial infection.

thanking you for your reply its a biggggggghelp for me

mention not. I am more than happy to help.