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Digestion is defined as the process by which the complex , non diffusible and non absorbable food substance are converted into simple, diffusible and assimilable substances it is man consists of alimentary canal and associated digestive gland

Non genetic RNA is a RNA molecule which doesn't act as a genetic material. In certain viruses like RNA viruses and some bacteriophage, where a single or double stranded RNA molecule acts as a genetic material similar to DNA in eukaryotic cells. It has ability to self replicate without DNA. This RNA molecule is a genetic one. Where as in eukaryotic cells and bacteria RNA doesn't play role of genetic material. It acts as amino acid carrier tRNA or messenger molcule mRNA and some other functions. This RNA molecules are non genetic one.

Anon-coding RNA(ncRNA) is anRNAmolecule that is nottranslatedinto aprotein. TheDNAsequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNAgene. Abundant and functionally importanttypes of non-coding RNAsincludetransfer RNAs(tRNAs) andribosomal RNAs(rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such asmicroRNAs,siRNAs,piRNAs,snoRNAs,snRNAs,exRNAs,scaRNAsand thelong ncRNAssuch asXistandHOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recenttranscriptomicandbioinformaticstudies suggest that there are thousands of them.[1][2][3][4][5][6]Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have not been validated for their function.[7]It is also likely that many ncRNAs are non functional (sometimes referred to asjunk RNA), and are the product of spurious transcription.[8][9]

Non-coding RNAs contribute to diseases includingcancerandAlzheimer's.

Ribonucleic acid, orRNAis one of the three major biological macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life (along with DNA and proteins). A central tenet of molecular biology states that the flow ofgeneticinformation in a cell is from DNA throughRNAto proteins: “DNA makesRNAmakes protein”.

ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information..

ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information.

dna is deoxy ribonucleic acid and rna is ribo nicleic acid. dna is double helicle structure and rna is single helicle structure.

The three basic bacterial shapes are coccus (spherical), bacillus (rod-shaped), and spiral (twisted), however pleomorphic bacteria can assume several shapes. Cocci (or coccus for a single cell) are round cells, sometimes slightly flattened when they are adjacent to one another.

what is the structure of a cocci

bacillus bacteria are rod shaped bacteria while coccus bacteria are spherical or sphere shaped bacteria

The shape of bacillus type bacteria is rod shapedThe shape of coccus type of bacteria is circular shaped.

bacillus bacteria is rod shapedcoccus bacteria is round shaped

Ribonucleic acid, or RNA is one of the three major biological macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life (along with DNA and proteins). A central tenet of molecular biology states that the flow of genetic information in a cell is from DNA through RNA to proteins: “DNA makes RNA makes protein”. Proteins are the workhorses of the cell; they play leading roles in the cell as enzymes, as structural components, and in cell signaling, to name just a few. DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) is considered the “blueprint” of the cell; it carries all of the genetic information required for the cell to grow, to take in nutrients, and to propagate. RNA–in this role–is the “DNA photocopy” of the cell. When the cell needs to produce a certain protein, it activates the protein’s gene–the portion of DNA that codes for that protein–and produces multiple copies of that piece of DNA in the form of messenger RNA, or mRNA. The multiple copies of mRNA are then used to translate the genetic code into protein through the action of the cell’s protein manufacturing machinery, the ribosomes. Thus, RNA expands the quantity of a given protein that can be made at one time from one given gene, and it provides an important control point for regulating when and how much protein gets made.

RNA is Ribonucleic Acid. One of the two genetic material.The other one being DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid).Hope this helps.

clean drinking water

better sanitation

well balanced diet

eradication of vectors

sterilization of articles used by an infected person

Eat like a champion

For good health, avoid saturated fats, cholesterol, refined carbs and sugars and trans fats. These foods can cause chronic inflammation — a normal bodily process gone awry that can contribute to heart disease, diabetes and even cancer. Also, choose good cooking oils and read food labels carefully. Even so-called “diet foods” can be bad for you

Get your cholesterol checked

A little-known fact: diet isn’t the most important factor in determining your cholesterol level. Only 20 percent of your body’s cholesterol comes from your diet, while the other 80 percent is made by your liver.

Watch your blood pressure

a) Theplacentaplays a keyrolein the nutrition of thefetus. It mediates the active transport of nutrients and metabolic wastes across the barrier separating maternal andfetalcompartments, as well as modifying the composition of some nutrients through its own metabolic activity.

b) As the name suggests, a sexually transmitted infection (STI), sometimes called a sexually transmitted disease (STD), is an infection that can be passed on to another person during vaginal, anal or oral sex. Of the 30 or so, eight STIs are particularly common and cause most sexually transmitted illnesses:

Chlamydia (bacteria)Genital herpes (virus)Gonorrhea (bacteria)Hepatitis B (virus)Syphilis (bacteria)HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)Trichomoniasis (parasite)HPV (Human Papilomavirus)

c) Condoms reduce the risk of spreading sexually transmittedinfections. The most effectiveway toavoidgetting an STI is to not have sex.

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1)The answer is genes.

The characteristics of the mother and father get transmitted into the embryo because both X and Y chromosomes carry genes.

The Y chromosomes from the mother have about 50 genes, and the X chromosomes from the father have 850 genes.

These genes contain traits of the mother and father and combine in the embryo.

2)Earth worm2.Bonobos3.killer whale4.Bottlenose Dolphins5. Humboldt penguins6. Black swans7.Flamingo8.Chilean Flamingoes9.Giraffe

3)The word urinogenital is composed of two words urine and genital. Hence, urinogenital system refers to the organs of both urinary system as well as reproductive system.

It is because because both the systems originate and develop from the intermediate mesoderm. In addition, they use common ducts (urethra) for the flow of semen (product of reproductive system) and urine (product of excretory system) outside the body.

The organs of the male reproductive system are specialized for the following functions:

To produce, maintain and transport sperm (the male reproductive cells) and protective fluid (semen)

To discharge sperm within the female reproductive tract

To produce and secrete male sex hormones

Ans :- The male reproductive system consists of a number of sex organs that play a role in the process of human reproduction. These organs are located on the outside of the body and within the pelvis.

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Themale reproductive systemconsists of a number ofsex organsthat play a role in the process ofhuman reproduction. These organs are located on the outside of the body and within thepelvis.Most species have two sexes: male and female. Each sex has its own unique reproductive system. They are different in shape and structure, but both are specifically designed to produce, nourish, and transport either the egg or sperm.Unlike the female, whose sex organs are located entirely within the pelvis, the male has reproductive organs, orgenitals, that are both inside and outside the pelvis. The male genitals include:

the testicles

the duct system, which is made up of the epididymis and the vas deferens

the accessory glands, which include the seminal vesicles and prostate gland

the penis

In a guy who's reached sexual maturity, the twotesticles(pronounced: TESS-tih-kulz), ortestes(pronounced: TESS-teez), produce and store millions of tiny sperm cells. The testicles are oval-shaped and grow to be about 2 inches (5 centimeters) in length and 1 inch (3 centimeters) in diameter.The testicles are also part of the endocrine system because they produce hormones, includingtestosterone(pronounced: tess-TOSS-tuh-rone). Testosterone is a major part of puberty in guys, and as a guy makes his way through puberty, his testicles produce more and more of it. Testosterone is the hormone that causes guys to develop deeper voices, bigger muscles, and body and facial hair, and it also stimulates the production of sperm.Alongside the testicles are theepididymis(pronounced: ep-uh-DID-uh-miss) and thevas deferens(pronounced: VAS DEF-uh-runz), which make up the duct system of the male reproductive organs. The vas deferens is a muscular tube that passes upward alongside the testicles and transports the sperm-containing fluid calledsemen(pronounced: SEE-mun). The epididymis is a set of coiled tubes (one for each testicle) that connects to the vas deferens.

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(a) Testis is the male reproductive organ in humans that produces sperms and also secretes the testosterone hormone. Important functions of testosterone are as follows: Stimulates the development, maturation and functioning of the male accessory sex organs like vas deferens and seminal vesicles Stimulates muscular growth, growth of facial hair, low pitch voice, sperm production, etc.

(b) (i) Fertilisation takes place in the fallopian tube (oviduct). (ii) Implantation of the fertilised egg occurs in the uterus. The embryo develops inside the mother’s body for about nine months. Inside the uterus, the outer tissue surrounding the embryo develops finger-like projections called villi. These villi are surrounded by uterine tissue and maternal blood. They provide a large surface area for the exchange of oxygen and nutrients. There is a special tissue called placenta embedded in the uterine wall. The embryo receives the oxygen and nutrients from the mother’s blood via the placenta. The waste material produced by the embryo is removed through the placenta.

The male reproductive system includes thescrotum,testes,spermaticducts, sex glands, and penis. These organs work together to produce sperm, the male gamete, and the other components of semen.

c) Vas deferens is correct answer

Thefemale reproductive organsinclude the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina.

C. Vas deferens because it male reproductive part

the pistillate flowers

Violet flower's hybrid

2102/2102plzz like the answer

Dental formula of frog is 2033/1023

Shan Your answer

2033/1023

I think it helped

The dental formula for different species are as follows where I = incisors, C = canines, P = premolars and M = molars :

Man (adult)

I - 2/2 C - 1/1 P - 2/2 M - 3/3 = 16 x 2 = 32

1

2

3

Ribosomes read themRNAand translate the message into functionalproteinsin aprocesscalled translation.

Chromosomes are made up of DNA and protein.

deoxyribonucleic acid

Every 28 days or so, one matureegg isreleased from theovary. Thisiscalled ovulation. After theegg isreleased, it moves into the fallopian tube where it stays for about 24 hours. If theegg is not fertilizedduring that time, theeggdisintegrates (breaks down) and menstruation (your period) begins 2 weeks later

The luteal phase is the second phase of the cycle– after ovulation and before menstruation. This phase ends when your period/menstruation begins.

After ovulation, progesterone is produced from the remains of the follicle that released the egg, the follicle is now called corpus luteum.

Corpus luteum is what produces progesterone, which the body needs to soften the endometrium (mucus lining of the uterus). This makes it easier for the egg to attach if fertilized, or releases the endometrium if conception doesn't occur (the uterus then sheds the endometrium) and your period starts.

An increase of progesterone levels in the body also increases the temperature. If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum stops producing progesterone after approx. 12-16 days and your temperature drop to below your cover line again.

The luteal phase is between 10-16 days, the average length is 14 days and is usually equally as long in every cycle. If you have a luteal phase defect and your luteal phase is less than 9 days, it may be harder to get pregnant.

What is luteal phase defect (LPD)?

Luteal phase defect (LPD) is when your ovaries don't produce enough progesterone, or the lining of the uterus (endometrium) doesn't respond well enough to the hormone. When the endometrium doesn't grow enough, it makes it hard for the fertilized embryo to attach, making it difficult to achieve and/or obtain a pregnancy.

The most common symptoms for LPD is:

More frequent periods

Difficulty obtaininga pregnancy

Miscarriages

Spotting in between periods

Factors that may lead to LPD is:

Anorexia

Endometriosis

Extreme exercise

Hyperprolactinemia (too much of the hormone that produces breast milk)

PCOS

Thyroid issues

Very high BMI

option d)In axileplacentation, theovaryis two or more chambered usually as many as the number of carpels, eg, Petunia. In basalplacentation, theovaryis bicarpellary, syncarpous andunilocularand asingle ovuleis borne at the base ofovary, eg, marigold.

The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) is a scientific institution based in Pune, India for expanding research in tropical Indian Ocean (formerly on tropical meteorology) of the tropics in general with special reference to monsoon meteorology and air-sea interaction of India monsoon.

chloro fuloro carbons

The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of thestratosphere.

Female mosquito need highly nutritious food in the form of human bloodas they use protein and iron from ourbloodto lay eggs.

Female mosquito always need to lay eggs.The human blood it sucks has proteins which allows her to lay eggs.other animal's blood can't full-fill the need of food to lay eggs.It means that female mosquito can't lay eggs without human blood.That's why she need highly nutritions food in the form of human blood..

1.- Even at lowpartialpressures, carbon monoxide will prevent hemoglobin from delivering oxygen to the body. 2.- Once carbon monoxide binds to one site of hemoglobin, hemoglobin turns into the R-state whichincreasesoxygen affinity and prevents oxygen dissociation in tissues.

2)Plantsabsorbnutrientsand water through their roots, but photosynthesis — the process by whichplantscreate their fuel — occurs in the leaves. Therefore,plantsneed togetfluids andnutrientsfrom the ground up through their stems to their parts that are above ground level.please like the solution 👍 ✔️👍

1)Macro-nutrientsare those nutrients which are required in large quantities for growth and development of plants. Sincetheyare required in large quantities,theyare known asmacro-nutrient. The sixmacro-nutrientsrequired by plants are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulphur

Ans :- Ethanol is produced from biomass mostly via a fermentation process using glucose derived from sugars (sugar cane, sugar beet and molasses), starch (corn, wheat, grains) or cellulose (forest products) as raw materials.

It is widelyusedas a solvent, and you can find it in many household products, such as the de-icer or anti-freeze youuseto clear your car windscreen. Increasinglyethanolisusedas a renewable alternative to fossil-based chemicals for creating a large range of products, such as bioplastics.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenatedozone depleting substances(ODS) are mainly responsible for man-madechemical ozone depletion. The total amount of effective halogens (chlorine and bromine) in the stratosphere can be calculated and are known as the equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC).

Ozone depletion, gradualthinningof Earth'sozone layerin the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemicalcompoundscontaining gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities. Thethinningis most pronounced in the polar regions, especially over Antarctica.

Ozone depletionis primarily caused by human activities. The main effect of ozone depletion is an increase inUV-B raysreaching the earth's surface.

Causes: chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs), halons, and other compounds deplete the ozone layer. These chemicals are found in cleaning agents, aerosols, insulating foam, and refrigerants. CFCs and halons break down into chlorine and bromine which in turn destroy the ozone layer

20. b) yeast is correct

21. b) milk packets is correct

people obtain ground water through tube Wells and handpumps

The circulatory system is centred on theHEART, a muscular organ that rhythmically pumpsBLOODaround a complex network ofBLOOD VESSELSextending to every part of the body. Blood carries the oxygen and nutrients needed to fuel the activities of the body’s tissues and organs, and it plays a vital role in removing the body’s waste products. An average-sized adult carries about 5 litres (9 pints) of blood.All the output of blood from the left side of the heart goes into the aorta, the body’s largest artery. Other arteries branch from the aorta to supply blood to the head, limbs, and internal organs. The blood is drained from all these parts by veins into two large vessels, the inferior and superior venae cava, which deliver the blood back to the right side of the heart.

HEART

The heart contracts tirelessly – more than 2.5 billion times over an average lifetime – to pump blood around the body. These contractions are triggered by electrical impulses that originate in a specialized area of heart tissue. The signals spread through the muscle in the wall of the heart via a network of conducting fibres.

INSIDE THE HEART

The heart has two upper chambers, called atria, and two lower chambers, called ventricles. Blood from the body arrives in the right atrium. This blood is low in oxygen, and is shown here in blue. The blood passes to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs to pick up more oxygen. The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood (red) back from the lungs. This passes to the left ventricle, which pumps it by way of the aorta to the body.

HEART VALVES

At the exit of each heart chamber lies a valve, which ensures the one-way flow of blood through the heart and into the circulation. These valves are made of flaps that open to allow blood to pass through but snap tightly shut to prevent backflow. The valves have three flaps, except for the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle, which has two.

BLOOD VESSELS

If an adult’s blood vessels were laid end to end, they would stretch out over 100,000 km (62,500 miles). There are three main types of vessel. Arteries carry blood from the heart to the body’s tissues, while veins carry blood back from the tissues to the heart. Small arteries are called arterioles and small veins are referred to as venules. The third and smallest type of vessel, capillaries, form a network connecting the smallest arterioles with the smallest venules.

Ways to maintain the green cover on Earth:

▪Start afforestation.▪Stop deforestation.▪New laws should be passed by the government to increase the forest cover.▪Use of less forest goods like paper,wood,etc.

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Here are just several of the disposable items you can get out of your life forever:

Water Bottles. Drinkingbottled wateris a common and expensive habit. If you go through a $7 case of bottled water every week, that’s $364 per year for something you could get out of a tap for less than $1.Invest in a $17 reusable water bottle instead, and it will pay for itself more than 20times over in its first year of use. Atthe same time, you’ll keep more than 1,200 disposable plastic bottles out of the waste stream Lastly, according to a report from thePacific Institute, you’llsave more than 100kWh of energy.

Shopping Bags. According to theNatural Resources Defense Council, the average American familytakes homeclose to 1,500 plastic shopping bags each year. Those bags require more than 8,000 barrels of oil to manufacture, andonly about5% of them are recycled.You can avoid all this waste by carrying a reusable bag. There are dozens of kinds to choose from, including canvas, nylon, and string bags – and there are evenbagsyou can fold up andtuck intoapocket, purse, or backpack, soyou’ll never be caught out shopping without one.

Dishes and Utensils. You probably usewashable dishes, glasses, and silverware for yourmeals athome. But during the workday, you might not think twice about grabbing a paper cup full of coffee or a plastic fork to eat your lunch. Then, whenyou’re done eating or drinking, itgoes right in the trash. Here’s a greener alternative: keep a plate, a mug, and a set of silverware at work. Then you can serveyour takeout food in style and just wash the dishes when you’re done.

To-Go Containers. Speaking of eating out, it’s likely you often findthelarge food portionsat restaurants today are more than youwant to eat in one sitting. If you ask to take home yourleftovers, the server brings you a giantfoamclam shell that just goes straight in the trash when the food is gone.So when you’re planning to eat out, avoid both food waste and packaging waste by bringing along a reusable container.

Napkins. Many people use paper napkins all the time – even at home. Afamily of four that used one napkin at every meal would utilize and discard 4,300 napkins in a year – roughly $65worth. That same family could buy a dozen cloth napkins for $10 and reuse them over and over. They’d save $55 just in the first year, produce less trash, and save trees.