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Fluid found in the spaces around cells. It comes from substances that leak out of blood capillaries (the smallest type of blood vessel). It helps bring oxygen and nutrients to cells and to remove waste products from them. As new tissue fluid is made, it replaces older fluid, which drains towards lymph vessels.

Epithelial cells include secretion, selective absorption, protection, transcellular transport, and sensing. Epithelial layers contain no blood vessels, so they must receive nourishment via diffusion of substances from the underlying connective tissue, through the basement membrane.

Ans :- Inbiology,tissueis a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ. Atissueis an ensemble of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same origin that together carry out a specific function. Organs are then formed by the functional grouping together of multipletissues.

Tissue is a group of cell similar in structure and functions .

any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products

Reticulate venation has two sub-types : (i) Pinnate or Unicostate reticulate venation: The lamina has a single principal vein or midrib extending from base to the apex. ... (ii) Palmate or Multicostate reticulate venation : The lamina has more than one equally prominent or principal veins.

All grape species leaves have netted venation with five distinct main veins originating at the base of the leaf and radiating outward. All grape leaves are heart-shaped, but that shape varies among species, making leaves useful in identifying varieties.

1) When lungs are targeted by microbes then symptom will be cough and breathlessness 2) When liver are targeted by microbes there will be jaundice 3) When brain is targeted by microbes then symptom will be headache ,vomiting ,fits or unconsciousness.

They are non - motile animals They have pores all over their body They have a water canal system which help in circulating water throughout the body to bring in food and oxygenThey are mainly found in marine habitats.

a. - 3b. - 1c. - 4d. - 5

Heredity - This is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring either through sexual reproduction or asexual reproduction.The offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents through a mechanism known as inheritance. The inherited traits undergo modification. Through hereditary, variations between individuals can accumulate and cause species to undergo evolution by natural selection.This is made possible by :

1.) Inheritance of acquired traits.

2.) Modification of inherited traits.

This will cause species to evolve.

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evolution is the changes in inherited traits of a population from generation to generation. mutation in these genes can produce new and altered traits ,resulting in hereditary changes in organisms.

Liver fluke is triploblastic.

Myopia: Nearsightedness, the ability to see close objects more clearly than distant objects.Myopiacan be caused by a longer-than-normal eyeball or by any condition that prevents light rays from focusing on the retina.

myopia is a eye defect in which person with myopic eye can't see the things that are far placed.It can be corrected diverging lens.

Myopiaand hypermetropia are both easilycorrectedat Optical Masters using prescription glasses or contact lenses specifically designed to counteract the effect. Formyopia, a concave lens (minus powered) is placed in front of amyopiceye, moving the image back to the retina and clarifying the image.

Myopia is also called as Near-sightedness.Hypermetropia is called as Far-sightedness.

NATUREIn Myopia, the person can see nearby objects, but cannot see far objects clearly.In Hypermetropia, the person can see far objects clearly, but cannot see near objects clearly.

IMAGEIn people with myopia, the image is formed in front of retina in the eye.In people with hypermetropia, the image is formed behind the retina in the eye.

EYE-BALLThe size of the eye-ball increases in the myopic people.The size of the eye-ball decreases in the hypermetropic people.

FOCAL LENGTHIn myopia, the focal length of the eye lens decreases.In hypermetropia, the focal length of the eye lens increases.

CORRECTED USINGMyopia can be corrected using Double-Concave lens.Hypermetropia is corrected using the Double-Convex lens.

LENSTo correct myopia, we need to select a lens which forms an image at the far point for an object at infinity.To correct hypermetropia, we need to use lens which forms an image of an object beyond near point when an object is placed between near point and least distance of clear vision.

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Turmeric and Neem are the two substances used as biopesticides for storing grains.

The brain is protected by the skull (cranium), cerebrospinal fluid and 3 protective membranes (Meninges).

The spinal cord is protected similarly but with vertebrae instead of the cranium.

These characteristics are only present during embryonic development in some chordates. The notochord provides skeletal support, gives the phylum its name, and develops into the vertebral column in vertebrates. The dorsal hollow nerve cord develops into the central nervous system: the brain and spine.

The characteristic features of the phylum Chordata are:

A dorsal, hollow nerve chord.

Anotochordat some time duringdevelopment.

Pharyngeal gill slitsat some time duringdevelopment.

A muscular post-anal tail at some duringdevelopment.

Thespinal cordis a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue, that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It encloses the central canal of thespinal cordthat contains cerebrospinal fluid

The spinal cord is the main pathway for information connecting the brain andperipheral nervous system.Much shorter than its protecting spinal column, the human spinal cord originates in the brainstem, passes through theforamen magnum, and continues through to theconus medullarisnear the secondlumbar vertebrabefore terminating in a fibrous extension known as thefilum terminale.

It is about 45cm (18in) long in men and around 43cm (17in) in women,ovoid-shaped, and is enlarged in the cervical and lumbar regions. The cervical enlargement, stretching from the C5 to T1 vertebrae, is where sensory input comes from and motor output goes to the arms and trunk. The lumbar enlargement, located between L1 and S3, handles sensory input and motor output coming from and going to the legs.

The spinal cord is continuous with the caudal portion of the medulla, running from the base of theskullto the body of the first lumbar vertebra. It does not run the full length of the vertebral column in adults. It is made of 31 segments from which branch one pair of sensory nerve roots and one pair of motor nerve roots. The nerve roots then merge into bilaterally symmetrical pairs ofspinal nerves. The peripheral nervous system is made up of these spinal roots, nerves, andganglia.

The dorsal roots are afferentfascicles, receiving sensory information from the skin, muscles, and visceral organs to be relayed to the brain. The roots terminate indorsal root ganglia, which are composed of the cell bodies of the corresponding neurons. Ventral roots consist ofefferent fibersthat arise from motor neurons whose cell bodies are found in the ventral (or anterior) gray horns of the spinal cord.

The spinal cord (and brain) are protected by three layers of tissue or membranes calledmeninges, that surround the canal . Thedura materis the outermost layer, and it forms a tough protective coating. Between the dura mater and the surrounding bone of thevertebraeis a space called theepidural space. The epidural space is filled withadipose tissue, and it contains a network ofblood vessels. Thearachnoid mater, the middle protective layer, is named for its open, spiderweb-like appearance. The space between the arachnoid and the underlyingpia materis called thesubarachnoid space. The subarachnoid space containscerebrospinal fluid(CSF), which can be sampled with alumbar puncture, or "spinal tap" procedure. The delicate pia mater, the innermost protective layer, is tightly associated with the surface of the spinal cord. The cord is stabilized within the dura mater by the connectingdenticulate ligaments, which extend from the enveloping pia mater laterally between the dorsal and ventral roots. Thedural sacends at the vertebral level of the secondsacralvertebra.

Cerebrospinal fluid protects the brain and spinal cord

meninges protects the brain and spinal cord.

A a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.

Osmosisis the movement of water or other solvent through a plasma membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration.Osmosisis passive transport, meaning it does not require energy to be applied.

Osmosis is the movement of water molecule from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration by semi-permeable membrane.. You can conclude it as physics Potential difference just,Make it potential osmosis...

PhysicalChangesInBoysDuringPuberty: ... Inboys, the scrotum and the testicles start to grow when they reachpuberty. The penis also increase in length and reaches the proper adult size and shape by the age of 17 or 18. There is a hair growth observed in the pubis area, armpits as well as the chest and the face.

Appearance of secondary sexual characters like beards in males and physical prominence in females marks the occurrence of puberty.

Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction. It is initiated by hormonal signals from the brain to the gonads: the ovaries in a girl, the testes in a boy.

Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction. It is initiated by hormonal signals from the brain to the gonads: the ovaries in a girl, the testes in a boy.

Organs such as bat's wing, wings of birds, seal's flipper,forelimbof a horse, and human arm have a commonunderlyinganatomy that was present in their last common ancestors; therefore theirforelimbsare homologous organs.

It is due to the property of induction ofcharge.When werub Styrofoamwith a piece of paper , then there will be transfer ofchargefrom on body to another.Due to whichcharge Styrofoamacquires oppositechargeto that of piece of paper

A zygote is the sperm and the egg after they have combined, therefor a zygote hastwo nuclei.

Living-human,animals,plants,insects,fishesNon living-stone,table,chair,bed, TV

In first living are - Human Beings,Plants,Insects,fishes,etc. In second non-living are Table,laptop,bed,chair

human being,animal and non living glass, cycle, fan

A complete virus particle, known as a virion, consists of nucleic acid surrounded by a protective coat of protein called a capsid. These are formed from identical protein subunits called capsomeres. Viruses can have a lipid "envelope" derived from the host cell membrane.

viruses are composed of nuclei acid and proteins.

Viroids are the smallest infectious pathogens known. They are composed solely of a short strand of circular, single-stranded RNA without protein coat. All known viroids are inhabitants of higher plants, in which most cause diseases, some of which are of slight to catastrophic economic importance.

Viruses can replicate only by infecting a host cell. They cannot reproduce on their own. Viruses are not cells; they are a strand of genetic material within a protective protein coat called a capsid. They infect a wide variety of organisms, including both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

vieus can replicate only by infacting a host cekl.they cannot reproduce on their own

they vary in size and lack proteins

surrounded by a protein coat .

dialysis is a process in medical to removing excess of water, todos matter ,solute in blood whose kidney not functioning naturally.

The kidneys filter your blood by removing waste and excess fluid from your body. This waste is sent to the bladder to be eliminated when you urinate.

Dialysis performs the function of thekidneysif they’vefailed. According to the National Kidney Foundation, end-stage kidney failure occurs when the kidneys are performing at only10 to 15 percentof their normal function.

Dialysis is a treatment that filters and purifies the blood using a machine. This helps keep yourfluidsandelectrolytesin balance when the kidneys can’t do their job.

Dialysis has been used since the 1940s to treat people withkidney problems.

When your kidneys fail, dialysis keeps your body in balance by:

removing waste, salt and extra water to prevent them from building up in the bodykeeping a safe level of certain chemicals in your blood, such as potassium, sodium and bicarbonatehelping to control blood pressure

When your kidneys fail, dialysis keeps your body in balance by:

removing waste, salt and extra water to prevent them from building up in the body

keeping a safe level of certain chemicals in your blood, such as potassium, sodium and bicarbonate

helping to control blood pressure

Oviparous animalslay eggs outside their body. As a result, the eggs of theseanimalsare under continuousthreatfrom various environmental factors. ... Hence, theoffspringof an egg-laying oroviparous animalis atgreater riskas compared to theoffspringof aviviparous animal, which gives birth to its young ones.

Either, theplantroots,absorbthese chemicals, or the chemicals leach away, causing pollution of water resources. Organicmanuresadd organic matter to the soil, which help the soil in retaining nutrients and moisture. ... This process is quiteslowand eliminates the riskof plantrootsabsorbingtoo much of nutrients.

Oviparous animalslay eggs outside their body. As a result, the eggs of theseanimalsare under continuousthreatfrom various environmental factors. ... Hence, theoffspringof an egg-laying oroviparous animalis atgreater riskas compared to theoffspringof aviviparous animal, which gives birth to its young ones.

The medium in which the colloidal particles are dispersed is called the dispersion medium.Example: In a starch solution, starch represents the dispersed phase, while water represents the dispersion medium.

Sound is a sequence of waves of pressure which propagates through compressible media such as air or water. (Sound can propagate through solids as well, but there are additional modes of propagation). During their propagation, waves can be reflected, refracted, or attentuated by the medium. The purpose of this experiment is to examine what effect the characteristics of the medium have on sound.All media have three properties which affect the behavior of sound propagation:1. A relationship between density and pressure. This relationship, affected by temperature, determines the speed of sound within the medium.2. The motion of the medium itself, e.g., wind. Independent of the motion of sound through the medium, if the medium is moving, the sound is further transported.3. The viscosity of the medium. This determines the rate at which sound is attenuated. For many media, such as air or water, attenuation due to viscosity is negligible.

Following are the ways in which the seeds are dispersed:(i) Some light seeds like that of madar, which are hairy, dry and small are carried away by the wind to different places.(ii) Spiny seeds and fruits like that of xanthium and urena, stick to the clothes of passers by and animals. These seeds are carried away by these agents to different places.(iii) In some plants having heavy seeds like that of coconut, water acts as the dispersing agents.(iv) Some seeds are dispersed with the fruit burst like in case of balsam and castor.

Cardiac muscleis specialized tissue that is found only in the heart. It hascharacteristicssimilar to both smooth and skeletalmuscletissue, as well as specialized properties, that allow it to function with fast but sustained contractions, rapid conduction and coordinated movement

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by giving them food ,habitat, air to breathe.

Treesprovide shelter and food for a variety ofbirdsand smallanimals, such as squirrels and beavers. Enhancing growth diversity,treescreate an environment that allows the growth of plants that otherwisewouldnot be there. Flowers, fruits, leaves, buds and woody parts oftrees areused by many different species.