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Antibiotics are effective against bacteria because they block their biochemical pathways, that are important for bacteria. e.g. penicillin blocks the bacterial process of building cell wall that provided protection to the bacteria.

Penicillin, the world's first antibiotic and it was discovered by Alexander Fleming.

World WarIbeganin 1914, after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and lasted until 1918. During the conflict, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (the Central Powers) fought againstGreatBritain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan and the United States (the Allied Powers).

a war that involves a lot of different countries

युद्घ जिसमें बहुत-से देश उलझे हों; विश्‍वयुद्घ

The war between more than two nation's, fighting for some purpose to achieve. It's called world war ...

TheTropic of Cancer, which is also referred to as theNorthern Tropic, is the most northerly circle oflatitudeonEarthat which theSuncan bedirectly overhead. This occurs on theJune solstice, when theNorthern Hemisphereis tilted toward the Sun to its maximum extent.It is currently 23°26′12.5″(or23.43682°) north of theEquator.

Classification is based on similarities and differences among organisms.Organisms having same type of features and level of development are kept in the same class. Organisms resemble with each other because if we trace back their origin we find that they were developed from common ancestors. Evolution means studying organisms based on the complexity of their structure and features and arranging them in their order of complexity. So it is evident that both classification and evolution are interlinked.

correct answer is option a

option a is the correct answer

1. Don't kill those endangered species.. Save them..2. Save animals to conserve Biodiversity..3. Don't shoot them with guns, shoot them with cameras..

Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped together into taxa and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a super-group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy.

thank you so much

Taxonomy is the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms and includes all plants, animals and microorganisms of the world.

Taxonomy is the branch of science concerned with classification, especially of organisms; systematics.

Category is an abstract term which defines the taxonomic characteristics of organisms.

1.Taxonomy is the process of naming and classifying things such as animals and plants into groups within a larger system, according to their similarities and differences.

2. animal or plant group having natural relations

3. a taxonomic group of any rank, such as a species, family, or class.

4.Nomenclature is a system of names or terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular field of arts or sciences. Probably the best known of these nomenclatural systems are the five codes of biological nomenclature that govern the Latinized scientific names of organisms.

Theimportance of taxonomyare:- It helps to ascertain the number of living beings on Earth. More than one million of species of plants and animals have been discovered and classified so far. It aims to classify the living organisms

In Biology we consider that an organism has the functions of life, if it has these properties

Metabolism - it takes in things, it breaks things down, makes energy, etc. this is a hugely complex web of enzyme driven reactions in the cell. e.g. cellular respiration (biochemical reaction which is the conversion of food into energy that can be used by the cell)

Response - living things can respond to stimuli in their environment - like a sunflower bending towards the sunlight

Growth - living things grow and change shape, even at maturity, they continue to grow, in humans think about weight gain.

Reproduction - all living things have the potential to have offspring - at least the species as a whole should or it would die out. In individuals, (even if past reproductive age, or in the case of a sterile individual), we have cells that are reproducing all the time - your skin cells are constantly being reproduced by mitosis for example.

Excretion - living things excrete the waste processes they do not need, humans expel CO2 gas from their lungs when they exhale - this waste gas is a byproduct of cellular respiration

Nutrition - living things need food - they can eat organic matter like plants or animals that eat plants, or non-organic matter like archae feroplasma acidarmanus, which can live on iron

I would like to mention separately ( though related) Biologists also are proponents of the cell theory..

The Cell Theory

All living things are made of cells

Cells are the smallest unit of life

All cells come from pre-existing cells

Monocots, Dicots, and Eudicots. Theangiospermshave historically been divided intotwogroups: the monocotyledons (monocots) and the dicotyledons (dicots). These terms derive from the number of seed leaves, or cotyledons , the plants have upon germination.

Vibriois a genus ofGram-negative bacteria, possessing a curved-rod shape

Cyanobacteriaareprokaryoticcells that lack membrane-bound organelles and nuclei. Their common name is blue-green algae because of their blue-green color brought on by their pigment phycocyanin. Most algae are considered plants, but blue-green algae are bacteria.

Nutrition, nourishment, or aliment, is the supply of materials - food - required by organisms and cells to stay alive. In science and human medicine, nutrition is the science or practice of consuming and utilizing foods.

Food that we eat acts as a fuel to the body & provide essential nutrients which further act as:

1.Energy-giving foods –Carbohydrates, Fats- Energy required constantly for the voluntary & involuntary activities of the body.

2.Body-building foods –Proteins, Minerals- Muscles, bones & organs are built up and maintained by the protein supplied by the food. Minerals like iron, phosphorous affect the formation of the blood – skeleton tissue (bones).

3.Protective foods –Vitamins, Minerals – essential for safeguarding the body against diseases.

4.Regulatory foods –Water, Roughage- Water is required to regulate body processes such as digestion, excretion, maintenance of the body temperature and the electrolyte balance. Roughage helps normal body movements.

ImportantNutrients required by the body:

a.Carbohydrates

b.Proteins

c.Fats

d.Vitamins and Minerals

e.Water

f. Roughage

Fecal coliforms are the group of the total coliforms that are considered to be present specifically in the gut and feces of warm-blooded animals. Coliform bacteria come under the category of rod shaped bacteria. These bacteria are found in the LARGE INTESTINE in human beings

Fecal coliforms are the group of the total coliforms that are considered to be present specifically in the gut and feces of warm-blooded animals. Coliform bacteria come under the category of rod shaped bacteria. These bacteria are found in the LARGE INTESTINE in human beings

The levels of organization of living things include cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.

explain the different levels of interaction between client and server

The process by which anorganismtakes food and utilizes it is callednutrition. Need ofnutrition:Organismsneed energy to perform various activities. The energy is supplied by thenutrients.Organismsneed various raw materials for growth and repair.

“Rhizobia are soil bacteria that fix nitrogen once they found a base inside root nodules of legumes”

Rhizobium bacteria is found in soil which helps the leguminous plants in nitrogen fixation

Rhizobium bacteria is found in the root nodules of the leguminous plants

Organisms need food to get energy and work because organisms need carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals and other nutrients to gain energy and proteins to live and to continue metabolism. Organisms need food for the growth and devolopment of the body and to get energy .

Answer:a) WaterExplanation:

Dehydration, in food processing, means by which many types of food can be preserved for indefinite periods by extracting the moisture, thereby inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.Dehydrationis one of the oldest methods of food preservation and was used by prehistoric peoples in sun-drying seeds.

Thefiltrationprocess removes impurities such as debris, insects, dust particles and other suspended elements.Waterpasses through a thin white cloth, which removes impurities present inwater

Compressed natural gas(CNG) (methane stored at high pressure) is a fuel which can be used in place ofgasoline,diesel fuelandpropane/LPG. CNG combustion produces fewer undesirable gases than the fuels mentioned above. It is safer than other fuels in the event of aspill, because natural gas is lighter than air and disperses quickly when released.

Portable Network Graphics is a raster graphics file format that supports lossless data compression. PNG was created as an improved, non-patented replacement for Graphics Interchange Format, and is the most widely used lossless image compression format on the Internet.

HIV stands for Human immunodeficiency virusand AIDS stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

AIDS full form, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

HIV virus Human immunodeficiency virus

B is the correct answer because that gujaajani

Metabolic waste is the left over products of both catabolism and anabolism. This waste includessalts,phosphates,sulfates, excesssubstances, andnitrogenouswastes likeureawhich are eliminated throughurine.

Certain waste and toxic products are formed during functioning of body cells. The waste products like urea etc. are toxic. When these toxic materials are not removed from the body, they get mixed with blood and can damage the cells of body. It is necessary to remove such poisonous waste materials from our body.

Animal cells are a typical eukaryotic cell with a membrane-bound nucleus with the presence of DNA inside thenucleus. They also comprise of other organelles and cellular structures which carry out specific functions necessary for the cell tofunctionproperly.

The Animal cell is smaller than theplant cellwhich varies in their sizes and is irregular in shape. It comprises of the following parts:

Cell Membrane:Athin semipermeable membrane layer of protein and fats surrounding the cell. It helps in owning the cell together and permits entry and exits of nutrients into the cell.

Nuclear Membrane:It is the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

Nucleus:A celestial body containing several organelles including the nucleolus. It contains DNA and other cell’s hereditary information.

Centrosome:Itis a small organellefound near to the nucleus which has a thick center and radiating tubules. The centrosomes are where microtubules are produced.

Lysosome(Cell Vesicles):They are round organelle surrounded by a membrane comprising of digestive enzymes which help in digestion, excretion and in cell renewal process.

Cytoplasm: Ajelly-like double membrane organelles found outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located.

Golgi Body: A flat smooth layered, sac-like organelle which is located near the nucleus and involved in manufacturing, storing, packing and transporting the particles throughout the cell.

Mitochondrion:They are spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane. They are the powerhouse of a cell as they play an important role in releasing energy.

Ribosome: They are small organelles made up of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules and they are the sites of protein synthesis.

Vacuole:Amembrane-boundorganellespresent inside a cell involved in maintaining shape and storing water, food, wastes, etc.

Nucleopore:They are tiny holes present in the nuclear membrane which are involved in the movement of nucleic acids and proteins within the cell.

Section Summary. Reproduction may be asexual when one individual produces genetically identical offspring, or sexual when the genetic material from two individuals is combined to produce genetically diverse offspring. Asexual reproduction in animals occurs through fission, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis.

All cells also have cytoplasm, which is a clear, jelly-like fluid that fills the inside of the cell and surrounds all of the internal structures. Cytoplasm consists of all of the contents outside of the nucleus and enclosed within the cell membrane of a cell. Cytoplasm is composed mainly of water but also contains enzymes, salts, organelles, and various organic molecules. The cytoplasm functions to support and suspend organelles and cellular molecules. Many cellular processes also occur in the cytoplasm. Some of these processes include protein synthesis, the first stage of cellular respiration (known as glycolysis), mitosis, and meiosis. In addition, the cytoplasm helps to move materials, such as hormones, around the cell and also dissolves the cellular waste.

सजीवों का अपने समान ही संतति को उत्पन्न करने की प्रक्रिया जनन कहलाती है.

संक्रामक रोग, रोग जो किसी ना किसी रोगजनित कारको (रोगाणुओं) जैसे प्रोटोज़ोआ, कवक, जीवाणु, वाइरस इत्यादि के कारण होते है। संक्रामक रोगों में एक शरीर से अन्य शरीर में फैलने की क्षमता होती है। मलेरिया, टायफायड, चेचक, इन्फ्लुएन्जा इत्यादि संक्रामक रोगों के उदाहरण हैं।

Inland fisheriesare the commercialfishing operations taking place in freshwater. Some of thisfishingis capturefishing, where thefishliving naturally in a body of water are harvested. The other type ofinland fisheryis thefishfarm, wherefishare raised in tanks or ponds, generally for human consumption.

In the process of binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and then divides into two parts (cytokinesis), with each new organism receiving one copy of DNA. Binary fission is the primary method of reproduction of prokaryotic organisms.

thanks

Ans :- Characteristics of Protists:-Protists are eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified as a plant, animal, or fungus. They are mostly unicellular, but some, like algae, are multicellular. Kelp, or 'seaweed,' is a large multicellular protistthat provides food, shelter, and oxygen for numerous underwater ecosystems.

Rhizopusspecies grow as filamentous, branchinghyphaethat generally lack cross-walls (i.e., they arecoenocytic). They reproduce by forming asexual and sexual spores. In asexual reproduction,sporangiosporesare produced inside a spherical structure, thesporangium. Sporangia are supported by a largeapophysatecolumellaatop a long stalk, the sporangiophore. Sporangiophores arise among distinctive, root-like rhizoids. In sexual reproduction, a darkzygosporeis produced at the point where two compatiblemyceliafuse. Upon germination, a zygospore produces colonies that are genetically different from either parent.

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Monera-bPlantae -dFungi-cprotista-a

1)- b!!)- d!!!)- c!v)- a

Monera bplantae d fungi cI think lichens are not examples of protists.

fungi-lichen,protista-rhizopus,plantae-spirogyra,monera-cyanobacteria

1 ka b, 2 ka d ,3 ka c ,4 ka a

monera b plantae d fungi cprotista a

monera-dprotista- aplantae -bfungi - c

Monera. - cyanibacteriaPlantae. - spirogyrafungi. - Rhizopusprotista. - lichen

i)-bii)-diii)-civ)-a

i.monera -b.cynobacteriaii.protista-a. Licheniii.plantae-d.spirogyraiv.Fungi-c.Rhizopus

1monera-(b)2protista-(d)3plantae-(c)4fungi-(a)

Monera - cyanobacteriaProtista - SpirogyraPlantar - RhizopusFungi - Lichen.

monera bprotista aplantae dfungi c

1 monera (b)2 protista (d)3 plante (c)4 fungi (a)

monera bprotista dfungi cprotista a

monera-cyanobacteria protista-lichenplantae-spirogyrafungi-rhizopus

monera- cyanobacteria protista - lichenplantae - spirogyra fungi - rhizopus

Monera-bplantae-d fungi-cprotista-a

Monera CyanobacteriyaProtista RhizopusPlantae SpirogyraFungi Lichen

monera-bprotista-aplantae -dfungi -c

Monera= BPlantar=DFungi=CProtists=A

I. -bii.-diii.-aiv.c

Monera--bprotista--cplantae--dfungi--a

Monera-b protista-aplantae--dfungi-c

i.=bii.=diii.=aiv.=c

The following characteristics will help you get a better understanding of the kingdom of classification.

Monera are about 1 micrometer in size and complex as living molecules.

The Monera cell structure is mostly unicellular and some organisms orm groups or filaments.

These organisms are the simplest prokaryotic cell structures.

The cell structure lacks nuclei and many other cell organelles.

They have a cell wall made of polysaccharides with polypeptide cross links with a chemical called peptidoglycan.

They lack enclosed sub-cellular organelles like mitochondria and only have ribosomes.

The genetic material DNA is contained in the cytoplasm called nucleoid.

Many bacterial species contain rings of DNA called plasmids.

The cytoplasm is enclosed by plasma membrane that lies beneath the cell wall.

The plasma membrane is made up of lipids and proteins.

Some Monera have hair like pilli for adhesion or tail-like flagella for locomotion.

The source of nutrition for these organisms is usually photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

The characteristics also include the shape of the cell that includes round (cocci), rod-like (bacilli), or spiral (spirochetes or spirilla).

Reproduction is asexually through binary fission or sexually by conjugation. The process of circulation and digestion is carried out through diffusion.

The Monera kingdom includes all bacteria that may infect animals, humans, and plants. But most of the members are termed asbeneficial bacteria, rather than pathogenic bacteria.

The Monera kill organisms causing pathogenic diseases, breaks down algae, and can even recycle chemical pollutants like hydrogen sulfide and ammonia.

Moneraare about 1 micrometer in size and complex as living molecules. TheMoneracell structure is mostly unicellular and some organisms orm groups or filaments. These organisms are the simplest prokaryotic cell structures. ... They lack enclosed sub-cellular organelles like mitochondria and only have ribosomes