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insulin. rest all are sex hormones

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All single-celled eukaryotes are placed under Protista.

4)Carolus Linnaeus distinguished two kingdoms of living things: Animalia for animals and Plantae (Vegetabilia) for plants. He classified all living organisms into two kingdoms – on the basis of nutrition and locomotion (mobility).

Five KingdomClassificationSystem

Monera (includes Eubacteria and Archeobacteria) Individuals are single-celled, may or may not move, have a cell wall, have no chloroplasts or other organelles, and have no nucleus.

Protista.

Fungi.

Plantae.

Animalia.

smallpox.

the common cold and different types offlu.

measles,mumps,rubella,chicken pox, andshingles.

hepatitis.

herpesand cold sores.

polio.

rabies.

Examples ofdiseases in animalscaused bybacteriaare anthrax, blackquarter and tuberculosis.

shigella,campylobacter,salmonella,pneumonia

adaptations help an organism to live in a particular place

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Most animals avoid being out in the sun during the hottest part of the day.Many mammals, reptiles, and amphibians live in burrows to escape the intense desert heat. Rodents also plug the entrance of their burrows to keep the hot and dry winds out. Most animals either come out during the early morning or in the evening.

Some animals like snakes, foxes, and most rodents are nocturnal. They sleep during the daytime in their burrows or dens and hunt only during the night when the temperatures drop. Certain animals like the round-tailed ground squirrel resort to estivation (a long state of inactivity) when they slow down their metabolism to conserve water and energy when the days become very hot.2)Kangaroo rats are known to producewater by digestingdry seeds. Many rodents have extra tubules in their kidneys that help them extract most of the water from their urine and return it to the bloodstream. They also filter the moisture out of their exhaled breath through specialized organs in their nasal cavities.

= Guard cells are cells surrounding each stoma. They help to regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata.

= In botany, a stoma, also called a stomata, is a pore, found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that facilitates gas exchange.

They take Co2 at Night and perform Photosynthesis during day with stored Co2

Stomata is used for respiration.Thus they do not need to respite during photosynthesis. The green leaves take carbon dioxide from the air and use it for photosynthesis during the day.

CompostBiofertilizers

symbiotic nitrogen fixers, Rhizobium spp.;

non-symbiotic, free-living nitrogen fixers (Azotobacter, Azospirillum, etc.);

algalbiofertilizers(blue-green algae or blue-green algae in association with Azolla);

phosphate-solubilising bacteria;

mycorrhizae;

organicfertilizers

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Fertilizers can be expensive agricultural inputs for small-scale farmers, but there are technologies being developed which can offer farmers less expensive ways to ensure their soils are fertile and healthy.

Cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, is one such example of a bio-fertilizer, a type of organic fertilizer which contains living organisms and harnesses naturally occurring inputs like solar energy, nitrogen, and water toensure soil fertility and plant growth. Small-scale farmers using bio-fertilizers have the potential to provide larger and more sustainable yields and healthier soils for themselves and their communities.

Currently, lack of soil fertility is the primary cause ofdeclining per-capitafood production in sub-Saharan Africa. Bio-fertilizers can help to maintain the natural soil habitat, while also improving fertility. More specifically, cyanobacteria fix nitrogen, which is an essential nutrient for supporting plant growth. The cyanobacteria tap the sun’s energy captured during photosynthesis to fix nitrogen from the air and turn it into a form which plants can use. The cyanobacterial fertilizer production begins with cultures which are seeded in shallow ponds and are ready to use a few weeks later. According to researchers at theCentre for Conservation and Utilization of Blue Green Algaeat theIndian Agricultural Research Institute, cyanobacteria can be useful for agricultural development because they “offer an economically attractive and ecologically sound alternative to chemical fertilizers for realizing the ultimate goal ofincreased productivity"

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Testing a leaf for starch is the simplest photosynthesis lab.A positive test for starch in a leaf provides evidence thatphotosynthesishas occurred. The test for starch is a leaf is an is an extension of theIodine Test for Starch.

Glucose is the product of photosynthesis, and is rapidly converted to granules of starch - a polymer of glucose - for storage. Starch granules have been visualized in the stroma of the chloroplast as well as the cytoplasm.

The test for starch in a leaf is also a part of the otherphotosynthesis experiments. So, take time to understand the test for starch in a leaf.

APPARATUS/MATERIALS REQUIRED:-bunsen burner, tripod stand, wire gauze(OR 90oC electric water bath OR hot plate)

250 cm3 beaker

boiling tube

anti- bumping granules

forceps

test tube holder

white tile

leaf to be tested (hibiscus leaves are excellent)

90% ethanol

iodine/potassium iodide solution

Procedure

Remove a green leaf from a plant that has been exposed to sunlight for a few hours

Half-fill a 250cm3 beaker with water. Heat the water until it boils. Keep the water at boiling point.

Use the forceps to place the leaf in the boiling water. Boil for 2 minutes.

Turn off the Bunsen Burner. (If you are using a heat source without a naked flame - electric water bath or hot plate - this step is unnecessary.)

Place the boiled leaf in a boiling tube containing 90% ethanol.

Place the boiling tube in hot water and boil for 10 minutes or until the leaf decolourizes. ( It may be necessary to replace the ethanol)

Gently remove the leaf and wash with a fine trickle of cold tap water.

Spread the leaf evenly on a white tile.

Add a few drops of iodine/potassium iodide solution to the leaf and note any observations.

Observations/Results

The leaf was flaccid (soft) after being boiled in water

The ethanol changed from colorless to green

The leaf was brittle after being boiled in ethanol

The leaf become flaccid once more after being rinsed in cold water

After iodine solution was added...

Observation

No color change (Iodine Solution remains brown)

Iodine/Potassium Iodide solution changed from brown to blue- black

Interpretation

Starch is not present

Starch is present

Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and workers' self-management of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.

Public hygiene is the key for prevention of communicable diseases because We should clean the surroundings. Do not litter in the public

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1. Diabetes - hormonal disease that occurs due to less production of insulin2. Sickle-cell anaemia is a genetic disease caused due to mutation in gene carrying haemoglobin3. Hypothyroidism is a hormonal disease caused due to less production of thyroid hormone4. Atherosclerosis caused due to fat deposition in arteries

Which preparation used for throat infection

Infectious diseases can be caused by:

Bacteria. These one-cell organisms are responsible for illnesses such as strep throat, urinary tract infections and tuberculosis.

Viruses. Even smaller than bacteria, viruses cause a multitude of diseases — ranging from the common cold to AIDS.

Like bacteria, there areautotrophicandheterotrophicbacteria. Unlike bacteria however, these also tend to consume a variety of other organisms; includingalgaeand otherprotists.

With the other microorganisms found in pond water,protozoamakes up the bio-film that coats sediments as well as other had surfaces

The term spinal nerve generally refers to a mixed spinal nerve that carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body.

Humans have 31 left–right pairs of spinal nerves, each roughly corresponding to a segment of the vertebral column: eight cervical spinal nerve pairs (C1–C8), 12 thoracic pairs (T1–T12), five lumbar pairs (L1–L5), five sacral pairs (S1–S5), and one coccygeal pair. The spinal nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

LocationIntervertebral foramina: Intervertebral foramina are indicated by arrows.

Each spinal nerve is formed by the combination of nerve fibers from the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal cord. The dorsal roots carry afferent sensory axons, while the ventral roots carry efferent motor axons.

The spinal nerve emerges from the spinal column through an opening (intervertebral foramen) between adjacent vertebrae.

This is true for all spinal nerves except for the first spinal nerve pair, which emerges between the occipital bone and the atlas (the first vertebra). Thus the cervical nerves are numbered by the vertebra below, except C8, which exists below C7 and above T1.

The thoracic, lumbar, and sacral nerves are then numbered by the vertebra above. In the case of a lumbarized S1 vertebra (i.e., L6) or a sacralized L5 vertebra, the nerves are typically still counted to L5 and the next nerve is S1.

Spinal Nerve Innervation

Outside the vertebral column, the nerve divides into branches. The dorsal ramus contains nerves that serve the dorsal portions of the trunk; it carries visceral motor, somatic motor, and somatic sensory information to and from the skin and muscles of the back (epaxial muscles).

The ventral ramus contains nerves that serve the remaining ventral parts of the trunk and the upper and lower limbs (hypaxial muscles); they carry visceral motor, somatic motor, and sensory information to and from the ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall, and the limbs.

The meningeal branches (recurrent meningeal or sinuvertebral nerves) branch from the spinal nerve and re-enter the intervertebral foramen to serve the ligaments, dura, blood vessels, intervertebral discs, facet joints, and periosteum of the vertebrae.

The rami communicantes contain autonomic nerves that serve visceral functions, such as carrying visceral motor and sensory information to and from the visceral organs.

Cervical Nerves

The posterior distribution of the cervical nerves includes the suboccipital nerve (C1), the greater occipital nerve (C2), and the third occipital nerve (C3). The anterior distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1–C4) and brachial plexus (C5–T1).

The muscles innervated by the cervical nerves are the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and omohyoid muscles.

A loop of nerves called ansa cervicalis is also part of the cervical plexus.

Thoracic Nerves

Thoracic nerve branches exit the spine and go directly to the paravertebral ganglia of the autonomic nervous system, where they are involved in the functions of organs and glands in the head, neck, thorax, and abdomen.

Anterior Divisions

The intercostal nerves come from thoracic nerves T1–T11, and run between the ribs. The subcostal nerve comes from nerve T12, and runs below the twelfth rib.

Posterior Divisions

The medial branches (ramus medialis) of the posterior branches of the upper six thoracic nerves run between the semispinalis dorsi and multifidus, which they supply.

They then pierce the rhomboid and trapezius muscles, and reach the skin by the sides of the spinous processes. This branch is called the medial cutaneous ramus.

The medial branches of the lower six thoracic nerves are distributed chiefly to the multifidus and longissimus dorsi, occasionally they give off filaments to the skin near the middle line. This sensitive branch is called the posterior cutaneous ramus.

Lumbar Nerves

The lumbar nerves are divided into posterior and anterior divisions.

Posterior Divisions

The medial branches of the posterior divisions of the lumbar nerves run close to the articular processes of the vertebrae and end in the multifidus muscle. The lateral branches supply the erector spinae muscles.

Anterior Divisions

The anterior divisions of the lumbar nerves (rami anteriores) consist of long, slender branches that accompany the lumbar arteries around the sides of the vertebral bodies, beneath the psoas major.

The first and second, and sometimes the third and fourth, lumbar nerves are each connected with the lumbar part of the sympathetic trunk by a white ramus communicans.

The nerves pass obliquely outward behind the psoas major, or between its fasciculi, distributing filaments to it and the quadratus lumborum.

The first three and the greater part of the fourth are connected by anastomotic loops and form the lumbar plexus.

The smaller part of the fourth joins with the fifth to form the lumbosacral trunk, which assists in the formation of the sacral plexus. The fourth nerve is named the furcal nerve, from the fact that it is subdivided between the two plexuses.

Sacral Nerves

There are five paired sacral nerves, half of them arising through the sacrum on the left side and the other half on the right side. Each nerve emerges in two divisions: one division through the anterior sacral foramina and the other division through the posterior sacral foramina.

The sacral nerves have both afferent and efferent fibers, thus they are responsible for part of the sensory perception and the movements of the lower extremities of the human body.

The pudendal nerve and parasympathetic fibers arise from S2, S3, and S4. They supply the descending colon and rectum, urinary bladder, and genital organs. These pathways have both afferent and efferent fibers.

Coccygeal Nerve

The coccygeal nerve is the 31st pair of spinal nerves and arises from the conus medullaris. Its anterior root helps form the coccygeal plexus.

Function

Spinal nerve motor functions are summarized in the table below.

the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.

The growing of plants(or crops)in the field for obtaining food(like wheat,rice etc)is called agriculture. If you think this answer helps you comment it and like.

Macro-nutrients are those nutrients which are required in large quantities for growth and development of plants. Since they are required in large quantities, they are known as macro-nutrient. The six macro-nutrients required by plants arenitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,magnesium, andsulphur.

1

Macronutrients are energy-providing chemical substances consumed by organisms in large quantities. The three macronutrients in nutrition are carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

Importance and Scope of Meteorology in Agriculture

Weather and climate is a resource and considered as basic input or resources in agricultural planning, every plant process related with growth development and yield of a crop is affected by weather.

Similarly every farm operation such as ploughing harrowing, land preparation, weeding, irrigation, manuring, spraying, dusting, harvesting, threshing, storage and transport of farm produce are affected by weather.The scope of Agril Meteorology can be illustrated through the following few applications.

1. Characterization of agricultural climate:For determining crop growing season, solar radiation, air temperature, precipitation, wind, humidity etc. are important climatic factors on which the growth, development and yield of a crop depends Agro-meteorology considers and assess the suitability of these parameters in a given region for maximum crop production and economical benefits.

2. Crop planning for stability in production:To reduce risk of crop failure on climatic part, so as to get stabilized yields even under weather adversity, suitable crops/cropping patterns/contingent cropping planning can be selected by considering water requirements of crop, effective, rainfall and available soil moisture.

3. Crop management:Management of crop involves various farm operations such as, sowing fertilizer application. Plat protection, irrigation scheduling, harvesting etc. can be carried out on the basis of specially tailored weather support. For this the use of operational forecasts, available from agro met advisories, is made

e.g. 1) Weeding harrowing, mulching etc are undertaken during dry spells forecasted.2) Fertilizer application is advisable when rainfall is not heavy wind speed is<30 km/hr and soil moisture is between 30 to 80%3) Spraying/dusting is undertaken when there is no rainfall, soil moisture is 90% and wind speed is<25km/hr.

4. Crop Monitoring:To check crop health and growth performance of a crop, suitable meteorological tools such as crop growth models. Water balance technique or remote sensing etc. Can be used.

5. Crop modeling and yield –climate relationship:Suitable crop models, devised for the purpose can provide information or predict te results about the growth and yield when the current and past weather data is used.

6. Research in crop –climate relationship:Agro-meteorology can help to understand crop-climate relationship so as to resolve complexities of plant process in relation to its micro climate.

7. Climate extremities:Climatic extremities such a frost floods, droughts, hail storms, high winds can be forecasted and crop can be protected.

8. Climate as a tool to diagnose soil moisture stress:Soil moisture can be exactly determined from climatic water balance method, Which is used to diagnose the soil moisture stress, drought and necessary protective measures such as irrigation, mulching application of antitranspirant, defoliation, thinning etc. can be undertaken.

9. Livestock production:Livestock production is a part of agriculture. The set of favorable and unfavorable weather conditions for growth, development and production of livestock is livestock is studied in Agril. Meteorology. Thus to optimize milk production poultry production, the climatic normal are worked out and on the suitable breeds can be evolved or otherwise can provide the congenial conditions for the existing breeds.

10. Soil formation:Soil formation process depend on climatic factors like temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind etc, thus climate is a major factor in soil formation and development.

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1. Excessive pumping can lower the groundwater table, and cause wells to no longer be able to reach groundwater.(i)Increasing populationAs a result of increasing population, all the facilities such as houses, shops, roads,offices, pavements, etc. increase to fulfil the increasing demands. This, in turn,decreases the open area for seepage of water into the ground.(ii)Increasing industriesMost of the stages of manufacturing processes in industries require water. If the numberof industries increases, then the water required by them will also increase. Therefore,increase of industries contributes to the depletion of water table.(iii)Agricultural activitiesIndia is an agricultural country and agriculture is impossible without water. The water foragriculture is mainly utilised from ground water, rain water and canal water. As there isno rainfall in many places, agriculture cannot be entirely depended on rain water. Also,canal water is available in a few places only. Therefore, ground water is the main sourceof water for agricultural activities and this causes depletion of water table

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hehe you understand that the government will not come to solo play come

E.g :1.Nutgrass or 'Motha’ (Cyperus rotundus).2. Wild sorghum or ‘jangli jowar’.3. Chaulai (Amaranthus virdis)4. Saathi (Trianthema)

The answer is D option

Question 1=aQuestion 2=c

Ans :- Sulfuric acid is used to make other chemicals, reduce corrosion, refine oil and create fertilizers. Nitric acid is used to make explosives,dyesand fertilizers. Hydrochloric acid is used in science labs all over, and is used to make PVC, food products and helpextractmetals. It's also the acid in your stomach.

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1) gram 2) rice 3)cotton4)DDT5)harvesting6)plough

The rabi crops are sown aroundmid-November, preferably after the monsoon rains are over, and harvesting begins in April/May. The crops are grown either with rainwater that has percolated into the ground, or using irrigation.

Find Inner r by applying formula

r= circumference/2pi

Then

R=r+width

Then Area of track = pi(Rsq-rsq)

Then

Cost=Area x Rate

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Plants are the sources of food ingredients like grains, cereals, vegetables and fruits. Animals provide us with milk, meat products and eggs. Cows, goats and buffaloes are some common animals which give us milk. Milk and milk products like butter, cream, cheese and curd are used all over the world.

Solar Energy:The greatest advantages ofsolar energyare that it is completely free and is available in limitless supply. Both of these factors provide a huge benefit to consumers and help reduce pollution. Replacing non-renewable energy with this type of energy is both environmentally and financially effective.

Wind Energy:Wind energy is another readily available energy source. Harnessing the power of wind energy necessitates the use ofwindmills; however, due to construction cost and finding a suitable location, this kind of energy is meant to service more than just the individual. Wind energy can supplement or even replace the cost of grid power, and therefore may be a good investment and remains a great example of sustainable development.

Crop Rotation:Crop rotation is defined as “the successive planting of different crops on the same land to improve soil fertility and help control insects and diseases.”This farming practice is beneficial in several ways, most notably because it is chemical-free. Crop rotation has been proven to maximize the growth potential of land, while also preventing disease and insects in the soil. Not only can this form of development benefit commercial farmers, but it can also aid those who garden at home.

Efficient Water Fixtures:Replacing current construction practices and supporting the installation of efficient shower heads, toilets and other water appliances can conserve one of Earth’s most precious resources: water. Examples of efficient fixtures include products from the EPA’sWaterSenseprogram, as well as dual-flush and composting toilets.According to the EPA, ittakes a lot of energy to produce and transport waterandto process waste water, and sinceless than one percent of the Earth’s available water supply isfresh water, it is important that sustainable water use is employed at the individual and societal level.

Green Space:Green spaces include parks and other areas where plants and wildlife are encouraged to thrive. These spaces also offer the public great opportunities to enjoy outdoor recreation, especially in dense, urban areas.

This answer is not clear.

Kharif cropsor monsooncropsare domesticated plants that are cultivated and harvested in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh during the rainy season, which lasts from June to October depending on the area.

DNAs are the carriers of genetic information. For an organism to produce its own kind, it becomes necessary that the offspring get similar DNAs as in parents. DNA replication is the way through which a cell makes additional copies of DNA so that they can be transferred to the offspring. This explains how DNA copying is an essential part of the process of replication.

1)birth rate 2)Death rate3) age distributiona)maleb)female doing love (sex)c) then children is growing