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The caruncle absorbs water, theseedcoat bursts and radicle grows out, which moves down wards and forms the root. ... After the formationofthe foliage leaves, the cotyledons fall off and the seedling becomes independent,germination in castor seedisEpigeal

Thecastor seedtakes about seven days togerminate. The caruncle absorbs water, theseedcoat bursts and radicle grows out, which moves down wards and forms the root. ... After the formation of the foliage leaves, the cotyledons fall off and the seedling becomes independent,germination in castor seedisEpigeal

Epigeal Germination:

In this type of germination, the hypocotyl elongates rapidly and arches upwards pulling the cotyledons which move above the soil. Bean, cotton, papaya, gourd, castor and onion have germination of this kind

Answer: When theathleteruns in the race, his body needs more oxygen. His rate ofbreathingincreases so that more oxygencanbe supplied to the body. Thisis thereason, anathleteneeds tobreathe faster and deeper thanusual; after finishing the race.

When testosterone is released in males the secondary sexual characters such as facial hair start growing. Only after pollination, when pollen has landed on the stigma of a suitable flower of the same species, can a chain of events happen that ends in the making of seeds. A pollen grain on the stigma grows a tiny tube, all the way down thestyleto theovary. This pollen tube carries a malegameteto meet a female gamete in anovule. In a process calledfertilisation, the two gametes join and their chromosomes combine, so that the fertilised cell contains a normal complement of chromosomes, with some from each parent flower.

ans please

Because the meristematic cell are the cells which give rise to other cells. If the cells were differentiated they could not give rise to other cells which lead to the formation of other tissue.

1) Solar light → It uses the solar cells to recharge it's battery.Solar light mainly used where facility of electricity is not available.

2) Solar water → Water is heated with the heat of sun. In this system water passses with a long black pipe And, a concave mirror is focused at that point. to give more heat.

3) Solar cooker → It also uses the heat energy of sun to cook food.It also contains a concave mirror which focused is fixed at center of a box.The interior of box is coted with black paint to observe more heat.

It is a lightingsystemconsisting ofsolarpanels, LEDlamp, battery and charge controller.Solar water heatersusesolarphotovoltaic panels to capture sunlight and toheat water. ...Solar cookersalso convert sunlight intoheatenergy which is used for cooking.

In solar lights, batteries are charged using solar photovoltaic panels. It is a lighting system consisting of solar panels, LED lamp, battery and charge controller.

Solar water heaters use solar photovoltaic panels to capture sunlight and to heat water. It normally has a thermal panel, a hot water tank, a circulating pump for water distribution and a thermal regulator.

Solar cookers also convert sunlight into heat energy which is used for cooking.

Simple permanent tissues are of three types: Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma. Parenchyma is two types

Chlorenchyma

Aerenchyma.

The intine consists, at least in part, of cellulose or hemicellulose. ... The intine, orinnerlayer, consists primarily of cellulose and pectins.

Tissues are groups of cells that have a similar structure and act together to perform a specific function. The word tissue comes from a form of an old French verb meaning “to weave”.

All viruses contain the following two components: 1) a nucleic acid genome 2) a protein capsid that covers the genome.

The constituents of phloem tissue are:

(i) Sieve tubes (tubular living cells with perforated end walls)

(ii) Companion cell (living cells)

(iii) Phloem parenchyma (living cells)

(iv) Phloem fibres (non-living and sclerenchyma cells)

Biogastypically refers to a mixture of differentgasesproduced by the breakdown oforganic matterin the absence of oxygen. Biogas can be produced from raw materials such asagricultural waste,manure,municipal waste,plant material,sewage,green wasteorfood waste. Biogas is arenewable energysource.Biogas can be produced byanaerobic digestionwithmethanogenoranaerobic organisms, which digest material inside a closed system, orfermentationof biodegradable materials.This closed system is called ananaerobic digester,biodigesteror abioreactor.Biogas is primarilymethane(CH4) andcarbon dioxide(CO2) and may have small amounts ofhydrogen sulphide(H2S), moisture andsiloxanes. The gasesmethane,hydrogen, andcarbon monoxide(CO) can be combusted or oxidized with oxygen. This energy release allows biogas to be used as a fuel; it can be used for any heating purpose, such as cooking. It can also be used in a gas engine to convert the energy in the gas into electricity and heat

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algae fungi or bacteria are examples of SCP

thanks

They may be external, such as drought, or internal, such as percentage of body fat (such internal cues are not to be confused with hormones which directly produce sexualmaturity). Sexualmaturityis brought about by amaturingof thereproductive organsand the production of gametes.

Afemale'sinternalreproductive organsare the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The vagina is a muscular, hollow tube that extends from the vaginal opening to the uterus. The vagina is about 3 to 5 inches (8 to 12 centimeters) long in a grown womanplease like the solution 👍 ✔️

fertilization is the correct answer

teenage is another name of adolescents

Ministry of Ayush, Government of India was established in 2014 to ensure the development and propagation of AYUSH systems

The Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa and Homoeopathy, abbreviated as AYUSH, is a governmental body in India purposed with developing, education and research in the field of alternative medicine.

AYUSH is the acronym of the medical systems that are being practiced in India such asAyurveda,Yoga&Naturopathy,Unani,SiddhaandHomeopathy. These systems are based on definite medical philosophies and represent a way of healthy living with established concepts on prevention of diseases and promotion of health. The basic approach of all these systems on health, disease and treatment are holistic. Because of this, there is a resurgence of interest on AYUSH systems. Yoga has now become the icon of global health and many countries have started integrating it in their health care delivery system. Similarly there is great curiosity to understand the principles and practice of Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Siddha and Unani especially due to growing challenges in medicine in Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs), Life style disorders, long term diseases, multi drug resistant diseases, emergence of new diseases etc. In 1995, with the objective of optimal and focused development of these systems, the Department of Indian Medicine and Homeopathy (ISM & H) was created in the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. In 2003, this Department was re named as Department of AYUSH.

The Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa and Homoeopathy, abbreviated as AYUSH, is a governmental body in India purposed with developing, education and research in the field of alternative medicine

The Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa and Homoeopathy, abbreviated as AYUSH, is a governmental body in India purposed with developing, education and research in the field of alternative medicine.

The Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa and Homoeopathy, abbreviated as AYUSH, is a governmental body in India purposed with developing, education and research in the field of alternative medicine.

Archaeopteryx looks like a bird. It has wings like birds. However, its teeth and tail are like those of reptiles. Archaeopteryx is therefore considered as a connecting link between reptiles and birds, thereby suggesting that birds have evolved from reptiles.

An evaluation is an appraisal of something to determine its worth or fitness. For example, before you start an exercise program, get a medical evaluation, to make sure you're able to handle the activity

full answer

There are undesirable plants in his crop field which are called weeds. 2, 4D is a weedicide

7) Option b is correct because rotatingcropswith ones that killweedsby choking them out, such as hemp, Mucuna pruriens, and othercrops,canbe a very effective method ofweedcontrol. It is a way toavoidthe use of herbicides, and to gain the benefits ofcrop rotation.

8) Option d is correct .

The origin and evolution of man, Homo sapiens, have been a topic of great biolo­gical interest since time immemorial. The idea that man is a creation of a super­natural power prevailed for long time in earlier days.

But the Biologists view the origin of man using knowledge on mor­phology, physiology, embryology and fossil records. Man evolved from some unknown mammalian ancestor and reached the pin­nacle of evolutionary fabric.

Man is placed under the family Hominidae of the order Primate and differs from other anthropoid apes by having: Large size of brain with greater functional ability (Maximum in Gorilla = 650 c.c., Minimum in Man = 1000 c.c.) The brain case is larger than face region.

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The factors that are responsible for improvement of crop variety are

Seed quality (use of hybrid seeds)Disease resistanceSoil qualityIrrigationWider crop adaptabilityFertilizers

1. resistance to biotic and a biotic factors 2.higher yield 3.wider adaptability 4.change in maturity duration.

Introduction

The respiratory system extends from the nose and upper airway to the alveolar surface of the lungs, where gas exchange occurs. Inhaled tobacco smoke moves from the mouth through the upper airway, ultimately reaching the alveoli. As the smoke moves more deeply into the respiratory tract, more soluble gases are adsorbed and particles are deposited in the airways and alveoli. The substantial doses of carcinogens and toxins delivered to these sites place smokers at risk for malignant and nonmalignant diseases involving all components of the respiratory tract including the mouth.

Consider, for example, the lungs of a 60-year-old person with a 40-pack-year1smoking history starting at age 20 years. By age 60 years, this person will have inhaled the smoke from approximately 290,000 cigarettes and will bear a substantial risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. The dose of inhaled toxic particles and gases received from each of these cigarettes varies depending on the nature of the tobacco, the volume and number of puffs of smoke drawn from the cigarette, the amount of air drawn in through ventilation holes as the smoke is inhaled, and local characteristics within the lung that determine the diffusion of toxic gases and the deposition of particles. Because of this repetitive and sustained injurious stimulus, the repair and remodel process that heals the damaged lung tissue takes place at the same time the lung’s defenses continue to deal with this unrelenting inhalation injury.

This chapter addresses the mechanisms by which tobacco smoke causes diseases other than cancer in the lower respiratory tract: the trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Beginning with the first Surgeon General’s report in 1964 (U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare [USDHEW] 1964), cigarette smoking has been causally linked to multiple diseases and to other adverse effects on the respiratory system (Table 7.1). In addition to causing lung cancer and COPD, smoking increases the risk of death from pneumonia and causes chronic bronchitis (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS] 2004). Typically, the lungs of smokers show evidence of diffuse changes affecting the lining of the airways, the epithelium, and the structure of the bronchioles, which are the smaller air-conducting tubes.

Table 7.1

Causal conclusions on smoking and diseases of the respiratory tract other than lung cancer: the 2004 and 2006 reports of the Surgeon General.

Previous reports of the Surgeon General have also addressed the effects of smoking on the respiratory tract. In discussing the plausibility of associations of cigarette smoke with chronic bronchitis and emphysema, the 1964 report gave full consideration to the nature of tobacco smoke and its effects on the respiratory tract (USDHEW 1964). That report concluded that cigarette smoking “… is the most important of the causes of chronic bronchitis in the United States…” (p. 302) and that “a relationship exists between pulmonary emphysema and cigarette smoking, but it has not been established that the relationship is causal” (p. 302). The 1984 report, which focused on COPD, covered mechanisms by which smoking affects the lung’s structure and function and the deposition and toxicity of cigarette smoke in the lung (USDHHS 1984). The report concluded that “cigarette smoking is the major cause of chronic obstructive lung disease in the United States…” (p. vii). The mechanisms of lung injury were considered further in the 1990, 2004, and 2006 reports (USDHHS 1990,2004,2006).

The principal nonmalignant respiratory diseases caused by cigarette smoking—COPD, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma—are defined inTable 7.2. The definitions indicate that chronic bronchitis is a specific set of symptoms, whereas emphysema refers to a particular pattern of lung damage. COPD comprises a clinical syndrome characterized by limitation in airflow; persons with COPD often have chronic bronchitis as well, and their lungs typically display emphysema. Other nonmalignant respiratory diseases that have been linked to smoking include asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (USDHHS 2004), but the evidence has not reached a level of certainty sufficient to warrant a conclusion of cause and effect.

Table 7.2

Definitions for principal nonmalignant respiratory diseases caused by cigarette smoking.

The nonmalignant respiratory diseases caused by smoking contribute substantially to the burden of morbidity and mortality attributable to smoking in the United States (Table 7.1). In 2005, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that an average of 123,836 deaths per year could be attributed to lung cancer caused by smoking for the period 1997–2001 (CDC 2005). CDC estimated an additional 90,582 deaths from COPD and 10,872 from pneumonia and influenza annually.

Great advances have been made in our understanding of how smoking causes these diseases. Research has been facilitated by methods that directly assess changes in the lungs. Methods for obtaining biologic material from human lungs include bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), a technique that allows recovery of cellular and noncellular components of the epithelial surface of the lower respiratory tract (Cantrell et al. 1973;Hunninghake et al. 1979;Reynolds 1987). BAL is of value in the study of immune and inflammatory mechanisms in the lower airways, because most of the cells recovered are believed to be derived from both air spaces and lung interstitium. Lung tissue obtained by biopsy or autopsy procedures can be used for cellular, protein, and nucleic acid assays. Exhaled breath condensate provides information about the composition of epithelial lining fluid (ELF) that can be used to detect inflammation and redox disturbance (Paredi et al. 2002). Blood samples may be used to assess systemic inflammatory responses, and blood cells serve as a source of nucleic acids.

Characteristics of Tobacco Smoke

Tobacco smoke, which comprises an aerosol (a mixture of solid and liquid particles) and gases, has thousands of chemical components, including many well-characterized toxins and carcinogens (International Agency for Research on Cancer [IARC] 2004). Many of these components are in the gas phase, and others are components of the particles. Nicotine, for example, is bound to particles in mainstream smoke. The chemical components in tobacco smoke were covered comprehensively in IARC Monograph 83 (IARC 2004) and described in previous reports of the Surgeon General. Numerous components of the smoke have the potential to injure the airways and alveoli.

Components of tobacco smoke with the potential to injure the lungs through a variety of mechanisms are listed inTable 7.3. Some components adversely affect host defenses; others act through specific or nonspecific mechanisms. Notably, cigarette smoking has very strong oxidant potential in that both the gas and tar phases contain high concentrations of free radicals (Repine et al. 1997). Many of the components of cigarette smoke are the targets of regulations because of their toxic effects: these include nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and various metals. For information on the toxic effects of components, see reports of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other agencies (USEPA 1993,2000;USDHHS 2000) and standard resources in toxicology (Gardner et al. 2000;Klaassen 2001).

Answer

Ecosystemis the interaction between biotic (living) component such as plants, animals and other organisms and abiotic (non-living) components such as soil, water sunlight etc. An ecosystem is said to be balanced, when living and non -living components are in peace.

For example:

In an ecosystem, all the organisms require food to live. The sun is the main source of energy. Green plants use sun energy to make food through photosynthesis. Animals do not get energy directly from the Sun. Many animals (herbivores) eat plants which use sunlight to make food. Other animals such as tiger, lion eat herbivores to get energy. Therefore, through food chain ecological balance is maintained. Disturbance in any component of ecosystem leads to ecological imbalance.

An ecosystem is balanced when the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) parts of the ecosystem are in equilibrium. This means that the nutrients are able to cycle efficiently, and no community of organisms or natural phenomena is interrupting the flow of energy and nutrients to other parts of the ecosystem.

Water CycleThe water cycle is one example of biogeochemical cycling where, in an abbreviated description, water is evaporated from oceans, condenses into clouds, precipitates onto land, and then flows through rivers back to the ocean.

Check out our Winter Olympics predictions.Home » NatureDescribe a Balanced EcosystemBy David Chandler; Updated April 24, 2017

An ecosystem is balanced when the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) parts of the ecosystem are in equilibrium. This means that the nutrients are able to cycle efficiently, and no community of organisms or natural phenomena is interrupting the flow of energy and nutrients to other parts of the ecosystem.

Biogeochemical CyclesAlthough energy must be constantly inputted into an ecosystem, the nutrients are recycled through various levels of the ecosystem. This recycling allows the biogeochemical cycle to be a closed system, where the nutrients are neither entering nor leaving the system.

Water CycleThe water cycle is one example of biogeochemical cycling where, in an abbreviated description, water is evaporated from oceans, condenses into clouds, precipitates onto land, and then flows through rivers back to the ocean.

Other CyclesNutrient cycles exist for carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen and phosphorous.

ReservoirsAbiotic factors in the ecosystem may be held in one step of the cycle for extended periods of time, resulting in an accumulation of that factor at one stage. The oceans are an example of a reservoir for water.

Trophic DynamicsPart of the balanced ecosystem involves population control of the living organisms. For example, a population increase of one species could adversely affect the population of competitors and prey but benefit predators, which, in turn, could harm or benefit other species.

Anecosystemisbalancedwhen the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) parts of theecosystemare in equilibrium. This means that the nutrients are able to cycle efficiently, and no community of organisms or natural phenomena is interrupting the flow of energy and nutrients to other parts of theecosystem

I will frist tell him not to do that seriously.Then I will explain him the effects of it. I will tell that its very injurious to health and it causes serious diseases like lung cancer , throat cancer, blood cancer and many more hazardous dieseases but if this also not get to work i will show him some videos regarding this matter. It's surely a very bad habit, wastage of money and deterioration of heath.

the aim of the war against mosquitoes was to reduce the number of deaths going on in India because of mosquitoes and reduce the wastage of pestesides

the proteins is the answer

d is correct answer of this question

Purification of tap water is still necessary now a days because tap water is contaminated moreover There are germs (bacteria) that may cause people to get sick if they enter the human body. It is for this reason that the dirtywaterneeds to be cleaned before it is supplied totaps. This cleaning process is calledwater purification. RandWateris the company that cleans (purifies) the dirtywaterfor Gauteng.

thankyou so much

Blood includes the other four terms. This is because plasma, platelets, RBC and WBC are the components of blood.

Blood includes the other four terms. This is because plasma, platelets, RBC and WBC are the components of blood.

Blood includes the other four terms. This is because plasma, platelets, RBC and WBC are the components of blood.

blood includes rbc wbc platelets and plasam

blood contains all the four items

blood is mixer of various substances

inka kya krna hai explain ya kya

the termisolationrefers to the separation of a strain from a natural, mixed population of livingmicrobes, as present in the environment, for example in water orsoil flora, or from living beings withskin flora,oral floraorgut flora, in order toidentifythe microbe(s) of interest. Historically, thelaboratory techniquesof isolation first developed in the field ofbacteriologyandparasitology(during the 19th century), before those invirologyduring the 20th century. Methods of microbial isolation have drastically changed over the past 50 years, from a labor perspective with increasing mechanization, and in regard to the technology involved, and hence speed and accuracy.

Proteinpurificationis a seriesofprocesses intended toisolateone or a few proteins from a complex mixture, usually cells, tissues or whole organisms

Listofpurificationmethods in chemistry

substances. Pure resultsofa successfulpurificationprocess are termedisolate. The following listofchemicalpurificationmethods should not be considered

Isolate

chemicalpurificationprocess Proteinisolate, the resultofproteinpurification, whichisolatesa single typeofprotein from a complex mixtureIsolate(biology)

Microorganisms occur in natural environment like soil. ... A culture which contains just one species of microorganism is called a pure culture. The process of obtaining a pure culture by separating one species of microbe from a mixture of other species, is known as isolation of the organisms

ANSWER IS.. OPTION NUMBER IS 3

A(45)units B(30)units my Answer right

Football was introduced to India by British soldiers in the mid-nineteenth century. It spread because of the efforts of Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhikari. In 1888 the Durand Cup was founded by then India's Foreign Secretary, Mortimer Durand at Simla, India.

(a) is correct option

the game of football was English in india by

British is the best option for this

Britishis the right optionso,english is 100./. correct

the game of football was introduced be option a: English

a English is correct answer

the game of football was English in india byoptions A

The game of football was introduced in india by English

football was introduced in india by English

option (a) is correct answer

British is the right option so,

your answer is option a. football was introduced in India by the English in mid nineteen centuary

The brain has many different areas which are responsible for different tasks, which help humans perform different abilities. The damage would be to the parts that are responsible for these attributes:

(a) Cerebellum is situated at the back side of the skull. (b) Temporal lobe in cerebrum is under the lateral fissure. (c) Hypothalamus is located over the pituitary gland.

Broken Bow, Oklahoma

is correct answer

Broken Bow

brother...

Broken Bow is the right answer.

broken bow is the correct ans

broken bow is the correct answer

Water testingis a broad description for various procedures used to analyzewater quality. Millions of water quality tests are carried out daily to fulfill regulatory requirements and to maintain safety.[1]

Testing may be performed to evaluate:

ambient or environmental water quality– the ability of asurface waterbody to support aquatic life as anecosystem.SeeEnvironmental monitoring,Freshwater environmental quality parametersandBioindicator.

wastewater– characteristics ofpolluted water(domesticsewageorindustrial waste) before treatment or after treatment.SeeEnvironmental chemistryandWastewater quality indicators.

"raw water" quality– characteristics of a water source prior to treatment for domestic consumption (drinking water).SeeBacteriological water analysisand specific tests such asturbidityandhard water.

"finished" water quality– water treated at a municipalwater purificationplant.SeeBacteriological water analysisandCategory:Water quality indicators.

suitability of water forindustrial usessuch as laboratory, manufacturing orequipment cooling.Seepurified water.

Broken Bow is correct answer

Broken bow is the answer

broken bow is the correct answer

broken bow is right answer.

broken Bow is the correct answer

The technique ofDNA fingerprinting, which involves comparing samples of humanDNAlef

The procedure for creating aDNAfingerprint consists of first obtaining a sample of cells, such as skin, hair, or blood cells, which containDNA. TheDNAis extracted from the cells and purified.

Agriculture is said to be the main source of income for the farmers or people living in the rural areas.

Farming and many other activities contribute to the rural regions in respect to the infrastructure, business opportunity and quality of the environment.

In the rural economy, farming provides the total degree in the development. Agriculture is said to be the primary activity for the economics and supports the popularity of the majority.

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1.zero2. Sucroseis the correct answer

1)water has zero potential2)sucrose is transported

Transpiration is the process where plants absorb water through the roots and then give off water vapor through pores in their leaves. An example of transpiration is when a plant absorbs water in its roots.

A motor car with its glass totally closedis parked directly under the sun. ... Sunlight emits ultraviolet radiations which pass through the 'glassand heat thecar. The radiations emitted by inner parts of the cannot pass out of theglass, so the heat trapped inside raises the temperature of the interior.

The primary characteristic on which the first division of organisms is made is the nature of the cell. It is considered to be thefundamentalcharacteristic for Classifying alllivingorganisms. Nature of the cell includes the presence or absence of membrane-bound organelles.

2.The primary characteristic on which the first division of organisms is made is the natureof the cell. It is considered to be the fundamentalcharacteristic for Classifying all living organisms.Natureof the cell includes the presence or absence of membrane-bound organelles.

3. Plants and animals are putintodifferent categorieson thebasisof Mode of nutrition.Plantsare autotrophs, whileanimalsare heterotrophs. Cell wall is present inplantcells, while it is absent inanimalcells.

Ferns evolved first comparing Ginkgo

A) BroccoliB) Cauliflower