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The CORRECT ANSWER is (b) False

Easy explanation: Velocity of an ENZYMATIC reaction increases with an increase in substrate concentration at first, but it ultimately reaches a MAXIMUM velocity. This is DUE to the saturation of substrate molecules.

Correct choice is (a) anabolism

To elaborate: Anabolism is a type of metabolism which involves the SYNTHESIS of larger BIOMOLECULES from SMALLER ones via VARIOUS reactions. Anabolic synthesis of biomolecules involves the USAGE of energy.

The correct option is (c) METABOLIC pathways are linear in NATURE

Easiest explanation: Most metabolic reactions are linked to each other in VARIOUS metabolic pathways. Various pathways MAY crisscross each other. Metabolic pathways may be both circular and linear in nature.

Correct CHOICE is (d) Mols/kelvin

The explanation: Biomolecules are PRESENT in VARIOUS concentrations inside the cells and inside the body as a whole. Their concentrations are expressed in units such as mols/cell, mols/liter or mols/microliter.

Correct choice is (c) AMINO acids

For EXPLANATION I would say: The primary STRUCTURE of amino acids is made of monomers of amino acids. The amino acids are linked together by peptide BONDS between the amino group of one amino ACID and the carboxyl group of the adjacent one.

Right answer is (c) PHOSPHORIC acid

For EXPLANATION I would say: The phosphate groups PRESENT in nucleotides and hence, nucleic acids are related to phosphoric acid. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar.

Right option is (d) Ribose

Easiest explanation: Glucose, FRUCTOSE, galactose and ribose are all MONOSACCHARIDES. The MONOSACCHARIDE contained in nucleic acid is ribose and deoxyribose. They are pentose sugars. Ribose sugar is present in RNA while deoxyribose sugar is present in DNA.

The correct choice is (C) homopolymer

For EXPLANATION: Chitin is a polysaccharide made of MONOMERS of N-acetyl glucosamine, which is a modified sugar. It is the main component of the cell walls of fungi and the EXOSKELETON of arthropods.

Right choice is (C) fructose

Explanation: Inulin is a HOMOPOLYMER. This means that the polymeric chain is formed from repeating UNITS of the monomer fructose. The fructose units are joined to each other by GLYCOSIDIC bonds to FORM inulin.

Correct option is (B) False

The best explanation: Non-essential amino acids are those amino acids that are present in our body ALREADY and need not be taken through FOOD. Essential amino acids are those amino acids that our body fails to SYNTHESIZE and have taken through diet.

The correct answer is (B) Lemongrass oil

The best EXPLANATION: Lemongrass oil is an ESSENTIAL oil. Monoterpenes, Diterpenes are some examples of terpenoids. Vinblastin, curcumin are examples of some drugs. ABRIN and RICIN are examples of toxins. All of these are examples of secondary metabolites.

The correct option is (c) Animal cells

Explanation: SECONDARY METABOLITES are not the by-products of animal cells. These metabolites have ecological importance. PLANT cells, FUNGAL cells and bacterial cells are responsible for the FORMATION of secondary metabolites.

Right choice is (b) Morphine

The best I can explain: Morphine is an alkaloid. ALKALOIDS are a type of secondary metabolite. Secondary METABOLITES are not involved in the normal growth and development PROCESSES. The above substances are all secondary metabolites.

The correct OPTION is (c) Ionisable nature

The best explanation: A peculiar PROPERTY of amino acids is the ionisable nature of –NH2 and –COOH groups. HENCE, in SOLUTIONS of different pHs, the structure of amino acid CHANGES.

Right choice is (a) Fats

To elaborate: Primary storage of food in animals is through fats. Secondary storage occurs by FORMATION of GLYCOGEN which is stored in LIVER. When energy is required, fats initially BREAK to produce energy. When the entire fats in the body gets depleted glycogen breaks to produce energy. PLANTS store food as starch.

The correct answer is (a) True

The EXPLANATION: Cell is made of macromolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, NUCLEIC ACIDS and WATER. Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and vitamins are together CALLED Bio-molecules which mean molecules that constitute life.

Correct OPTION is (b) Prosthetic group

Explanation: Heme is a prosthetic group of the catalase ENZYME. It is an ORGANIC compound which is bound TIGHTLY to the apoenzyme. The prosthetic group is present at the active site of the catalase enzyme.

Correct ANSWER is (C) Zinc

For explanation I would say: Carboxypeptidase is a proteolytic enzyme. It functions with the help of a metal ION, zinc, working as the cofactor. Zinc forms one or more coordinate BONDS with the enzyme as WELL as with the substrate.

Correct option is (a) 6

Easiest EXPLANATION: Enzymes are divided into 6 classes BASED on the type of reactions they catalyze. The six classes of enzymes are as follows-oxidoreductases, TRANSFERASES, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases and ligases.

The correct CHOICE is (b) ethanol

The best I can EXPLAIN: YEAST is the simplest unicellular eukaryotic organism and belongs to the kingdom FUNGI. It anaerobically digests or ferments glucose to produce ethanol or ethyl alcohol, along with carbon dioxide.

The correct answer is (c) CATALYSTS are EFFICIENT at high temperatures and high pressures

For explanation: Enzymes are organic catalysts or biocatalysts. However, inorganic catalysts work at high temperatures and high pressures efficiently. Enzymes, being PROTEINACEOUS in nature, GET denatured under such conditions.

Correct answer is (b) Biosynthetic pathway

To explain I would say: Anabolism is a type of metabolism which INVOLVES the synthesis of larger biomolecules from smaller ones via VARIOUS reactions. It leads to the biosynthesis of molecules. HENCE, it is also KNOWN as biosynthetic pathway.

Right option is (a) First amino acid

Easiest explanation: The primary structure of amino ACIDS is made of monomers of amino acids. Hence, cofactors are ABSENT. The left END of the primary or LINEAR structure of proteins is represented by the first amino acid.

Correct answer is (C) three-dimensional structure

For explanation I would say: In physics, the structure of molecules REFERS to the three-dimensional structure of the MOLECULE. In inorganic CHEMISTRY it refers to the molecular formula of the COMPOUND. In organic chemistry it refers to the two-dimensional structure.

The correct choice is (c) 2’ deoxyribose

Easiest explanation: DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. HENCE, it CONTAINS deoxyribose sugar. It is a RIBOSE sugar molecule with an oxygen atom removed from the second CARBON. Hence, it is a 2’ deoxyribose sugar.

The correct OPTION is (B) False

To explain: NUCLEOTIDES are the building blocks of nucleic acids. Each nucleotide contains a PHOSPHATE group, a nitrogenous base which is a heterocyclic compound and a PENTOSE sugar, which is a monosaccharide.

The correct option is (b) GUM

To explain: Primary metabolites are those which take part in the GROWTH and development PROCESSES of the body. Starch, keratin and MYOSIN are primary metabolites while gum is a secondary METABOLITE.

Right option is (C) 2

Explanation: Each NUCLEOSIDE consists of a pentose sugar and a NITROGENOUS base such as adenine, guanine, CYTOSINE, thymine or uracil. When a phosphate GROUP attaches to the nucleoside, it forms a nucleotide.

Right option is (a) 3

The best I can explain: 3% of the TOTAL cellular MASS is taken up by CARBOHYDRATES. 2% is taken up by lipids, 1% is taken up by various ions and 10% of the total cellular mass is taken up by the various PROTEINS present in the CELL.

The correct choice is (a) LIPIDS

For explanation I WOULD say: The molecules in the insoluble FRACTION EXCEPT for lipids are POLYMERIC substances, which means that proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides exists as polymeric substances.

Correct option is (a) 16

The best I can explain: Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid having 16 carbon atoms including the carbon of the CARBOXYL GROUP. It is water insoluble. It does not have any double bonds in its STRUCTURE and is hence saturated.

Right answer is (c) Serine

For explanation I WOULD say: An AMINO acid having a chiral CARBON, surrounded by an amino group, an acid group, a hydrogen atom and a hydroxymethyl group as the R group is serine. It is a POLAR amino acid due to its R group.

Right choice is (a) True

To explain I would say: A biomolecule is a compound produced by a living organism. It is divided into four BROAD groups, namely CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS, nucleic acids and LIPIDS. All of these substances contain CARBON.

Correct choice is (C) Retentate

The explanation: The homogenized and grinded TISSUE material, when PASSED through layers of CHEESECLOTH, DIVIDES into an acid-soluble fraction and an acid-insoluble fraction. The acid-insoluble fraction is the retentate.

The correct choice is (d) TRICHLOROACETIC acid

The best I can explain: To analyze TISSUES for chemical analysis, the tissue MATERIAL needs to be grinded and homogenized using pestle and MORTAR. This grinding is done using trichloroacetic acid. The rest are generally toxic.

Correct choice is (d) Anomalous

The best explanation: ZWITTER ION is formed when an amino ACID is present in an AQUEOUS solution. In an aqueous solution, –COOH looses hydrogen ion WHEREAS –NH2 gains hydrogen to form –COO^– and –NH3+. It is amphoteric in an aqueous solution.

Correct answer is (c) Production of an enzyme-substrate complex

To explain: In an enzymatic reaction, a substrate first BINDS to the active site of an enzyme. This INDUCES a conformational change in the enzyme to form an enzyme-substrate complex. This is converted into a PRODUCT which is then RELEASED.

The correct answer is (d) higher than the energies of both the substrate and the product

To EXPLAIN: The TRANSITION state occurs during an ENZYMATIC reaction when the substrate binds to the enzyme molecule in order to be converted into a product. The ENERGY of this state is higher than that of the substrate and the product.

Right choice is (d) 200

Explanation: The formation of carbonic acid can be CATALYZED by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. When this reaction is uncatalyzed, 200 molecules of carbonic acid are FORMED EVERY hour. The presence of a catalyst increases the RATE by about 10 million times.

The correct choice is (c) 10

To elaborate: The conversion of glucose to lactic acid is a CATABOLIC process. It INVOLVES the release of energy. The LARGER glucose molecule is metabolically broken down into lactic acid molecules by glycolysis.

Right choice is (C) Hydrolysis of GLUCOSE

For explanation I would say: The melting of ice into water, the evaporation of water to water vapor and the freezing of water are examples of physical changes. HOWEVER, the hydrolysis of glucose involves the BREAKING of bonds. It is a chemical change.

Correct answer is (a) All enzymes have CATALYTIC power

For explanation I would say: Enzymes are biocatalysts that are protein in NATURE. They are active at room temperature and GET denatured at high temperatures. Their levels or amounts remain CONSTANT in the body.

Right choice is (d) 4

Best explanation: Adult HUMAN HEMOGLOBIN is composed of four subunits – two ALPHA subunits and two beta subunits. Hemoglobin is an iron-containing metalloprotein present in red BLOOD cells for GASEOUS transport.

Right option is (a) Nucleotide

To EXPLAIN: The building blocks of NUCLEIC acids are nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a pentose SUGAR, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous BASE such as adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine or uracil.

Right option is (d) Fungal CELL wall

To explain: Cellulose is a homopolymer MADE of glucose monomers. Cotton fibers, the cell walls of plants and JUTE are all PRIMARILY made of cellulose. HOWEVER, the fungal cell wall is made of the polysaccharide chitin.

The CORRECT option is (a) True

For explanation: Cotton fibers are long THREADS of the polysaccharide cellulose. Cellulose is the most abundant ORGANIC polymer in the world. It also makes up the cell wall of plant cells. It is a LINEAR polymer.