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The correct choice is (a) Trichloroacetic acid

For explanation I would SAY: Trichloroacetic acid is used for the chemical analysis of living tissues like a VEGETABLE or a PIECE of liver, etc. and the tissue is GRINDED USING a mortar and a pestle.

Right option is (b) SKELETAL muscles

For explanation I would say: Lactic acid is formed in the skeletal muscles by the incomplete breakdown of glucose by the process of catabolism. It OCCURS due to low levels of OXYGEN, which is REQUIRED for the breakdown of glucose.

The correct answer is (d) Uracil

The BEST I can explain: The FOUR nucleotides that are present in DNA are Adenine, THYMINE, Cytosine and Guanine. Uracil is absent in DNA but not present in RNA. Adenine binds with Thymine and Guanine binds with Cytosine in DNA.

Right choice is (a) ISOMERASES

To explain I WOULD say: Enzymes that link covalent bond between substrates to form a large MOLECULE are called ligases. Lyases are enzymes that break covalent BONDS of large molecules. Isomerases are the enzymes that isomerize a SPECIFIED compound.

Correct answer is (d) Last AMINO acid

Explanation: The PRIMARY structure of amino ACIDS is made of monomers of amino acids. Hence, cofactors are absent. The right end of the primary or LINEAR structure of proteins is represented by the last amino acid.

Correct CHOICE is (a) True

Easiest explanation: Carbohydrates are classified as monosaccharides (1monosaccharide unit), oligosaccharides (2-10 monosaccharide UNITS) and POLYSACCHARIDES (more than 10 monosaccharide units) BASED on their behavior on hydrolysis.

The CORRECT option is (a) 4

To EXPLAIN: There are four levels of STRUCTURAL organization of proteins. These are the primary STRUCTURE, secondary structure, tertiary structure and the quaternary structure. The level AFFECTS the function of the protein.

The correct option is (c) molecular formula

To EXPLAIN I would SAY: Structure of molecules in inorganic CHEMISTRY refers to the molecular formula of the COMPOUND. In organic chemistry it refers to the two-dimensional structure while in physics it refers to the three-dimensional structure.

Correct option is (C) BLUE

Explanation: The starch-IODINE complex has a characteristic blue color. This presence of color serves as a test for the DETECTION of starch in a SAMPLE. On addition of iodine solution, if the sample turns blue then the presence of starch is confirmed.

Correct answer is (c) sugars

Explanation: Polysaccharide chains are made of repeating UNITS of DIFFERENT sugars. Hence, polysaccharides are an example of HETEROPOLYMERS, in which the POLYMER chain is made of different monomers.

Correct answer is (b) Glucose

For explanation I would say: The most abundant organic compound PRESENT in the ENTIRE biosphere is CELLULOSE. Cellulose is a polymeric polysaccharide consisting of only one type of MONOSACCHARIDE i.e., glucose. It is a HOMOPOLYMER of glucose.

The correct option is (a) Receptor proteins

Easiest explanation: Receptor proteins help to recognize various sensory signals such as smell and TASTE. Receptor proteins present on and INSIDE cells recognize various hormones and compounds REQUIRED for the normal functioning of the cell.

Right CHOICE is (a) TRYPSIN

To elaborate: Trypsin is a PROTEIN that functions as an enzyme. Insulin, Collagen and Antibodies are also proteins that function as the hormone, intercellular ground substance and fighters of INFECTIOUS agents respectively.

The correct option is (c) Each codon will REPRESENT a unique amino acid and an amino acid is represented by a unique codon

Explanation: RNA is of 3 types i.e. r-RNA, m-RNA and t-RNA. m-RNA carries the code for PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in TERMS of three NUCLEOTIDE bases called codons. Each codon will represent a unique amino acid and amino acids can be represented redundantly. r-RNA synthesis the proteins and t-RNA will recognize the codons.

The correct choice is (b) False

The BEST EXPLANATION: Lipids are not strictly macromolecules. Cell membrane and other membranes are broken into PIECES, and form vesicles which are not WATER-soluble. As they are not water soluble they don’t get dissolved in the ACID soluble pool and hence get separated along with the macromolecular fraction which is also known as acid-insoluble pool.

The CORRECT option is (c) 0.03

For explanation I WOULD SAY: The percentage weight of CARBON in the earth’s CRUST is 0.03. It is 18.5 in the human body. The percentage weight of hydrogen in earth’s crust is 0.14 and in the human body is 0.5.

Right option is (a) Binding of the SUBSTRATE to the enzyme

For explanation I would say: In an enzymatic reaction, a substrate FIRST binds to the active site of an enzyme. This INDUCES a conformational change in the enzyme to form an enzyme-substrate COMPLEX. This is converted into a product which is then released.

Correct answer is (a) Amount of product FORMED per unit time

For explanation: The rate of a physical CHANGE or a chemical change can be expressed by the amount of product formed per unit time. Physical CHANGES are REVERSIBLE but chemical changes are not reversible.

Correct choice is (c) All METABOLIC reactions are CATALYZED

For explanation: Metabolic pathways can be both circular and linear in nature. Due to metabolism, all biomolecules have a TURNOVER and their LEVELS are not constant. All metabolic reactions are catalyzed.

Right choice is (a) Biomolecular LEVEL

The explanation is: METABOLIC reactions take place at the biomolecular level. It involves the BREAKING down of some BIOMOLECULES while some biomolecules are formed from other MOLECULES. It involves numerous reactions.

The CORRECT option is (C) Tertiary structure

The explanation: The tertiary structure is NECESSARY for the ACTIVITY of protein inside the body to perform various functions such as enzymatic activity, HORMONAL control, cell division and the normal development and maintenance of the body.

The correct choice is (c) INSULIN

To elaborate: Keratin and collagen are structural proteins found in the body. GLUT-4 is a carrier PROTEIN that enables the transport of GLUCOSE into the cells. Insulin is a hormone that REGULATES the blood glucose LEVEL.

Right choice is (c) Peptide bonds

Easiest EXPLANATION: Proteins are polypeptides. They are linear chains of AMINO acids linked by peptide bonds. Each PROTEIN is a HETEROPOLYMER of amino acids.

The CORRECT answer is (d) Cytoplasmic content

To explain I would SAY: The acid-soluble pool REPRESENTS roughly the cytoplasmic COMPOSITION. The macromolecules from the CYTOPLASM and the organelles become the acid-insoluble fraction.

Correct answer is (a) 16

Explanation: PALMITIC ACID has 16 carbon ATOMS including carboxyl carbon. Arachidonic acid has 20 carbon atoms including the carboxyl carbon. These FATTY acids could be saturated or unsaturated.

Correct choice is (c) Toxin

Best explanation: Abrin is a TYPE of toxin. It is a natural poison found in the seeds of a PLANT. It is a secondary metabolite. This MEANS that that it is not involved in the normal GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT processes.

The correct answer is (b) MOLECULES of Life

Easy EXPLANATION: BIOMOLECULES means the molecules of life or all the carbon compounds that we get from living TISSUES can be called as biomolecules.

The correct OPTION is (d) Collagen is an example of globular protein

Explanation: Fibrous proteins RESULT when long peptide chains run parallel and are HELD by hydrogen and sulphide linkages. Globular structures result when CHAIN of polypeptide coil around themselves to form a globe like structure. Linear structure of AMINO acids in a polypeptide is called primary structure. Collagen is an example of fibrous protein.

Correct choice is (a) SILICON

For explanation: Sodium is an important electrolyte in our BODY. Magnesium is a cofactor for many ENZYMES. SULPHUR is a component of some amino ACIDS. The amount of silicon in our body is negligible.

Correct ANSWER is (a) True

The BEST I can explain: Enzymes are BIOCATALYSTS i.e. they increase the rate of reaction of metabolic reactions. The reactant that takes PART in metabolic reaction is called substrate. Rate of reaction = (dx/dt). Here, X = concentration of substrate and t refers to the time.

Correct answer is (a) Lactic ACID

Easy explanation: Glycolysis is a ten-step metabolic pathway that converts one molecule of glucose into TWO MOLECULES of pyruvic acid. Under anaerobic conditions, glucose is CONVERTED into two molecules of lactic acid.

Correct option is (b) proteins

Easiest explanation: Enzymes are BIOLOGICAL catalysts that ENHANCE the rate of a METABOLIC reaction. All metabolic REACTIONS taking place inside the body involve the use of enzymes. Enzymes are proteinaceous.

The correct ANSWER is (C) metabolite flow

The EXPLANATION is: The metabolite flow through the body is the DYNAMIC state of the constituents of the body. It is characterized by definite rates and definite directions. The metabolite flow may be linear or circular.

Correct answer is (d) Right end

The best I can EXPLAIN: GLYCOGEN is a POLYSACCHARIDE composed of glucose monomers that has a branched STRUCTURE. The right end of polysaccharide chains is the reducing end while the LEFT end is the non-reducing end.

Correct choice is (C) CELLULOSE

To explain: The PLANT cell wall is made of cellulose. It is not digestible by humans. Glycogen is a storage carbohydrate in ANIMALS. Lipids make up cell membranes. Peptidoglycan is found in the covering of bacteria.

The CORRECT option is (a) Adenine

For explanation: Nucleotides are the BUILDING blocks of nucleic acids. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate GROUP, a nitrogenous base and a PENTOSE sugar. The nitrogenous bases are heterocyclic in NATURE.

Correct answer is (b) False

For EXPLANATION: PROTEINS carry out many functions in living organisms. Glut-4 is a type of protein which enables glucose TRANSPORT into the CELLS. This transport occurs in the CELL membranes.

The correct CHOICE is (c) vesicles

Explanation: The cell membrane is predominantly composed of LIPIDS, which form a BILAYER AROUND the cytosol and the cell organelles. When the cell is disrupted, the lipid bilayer separates and FORMS vesicles.

The correct choice is (d) Dalton

Easiest explanation: The molecular weight of biomacromolecules such as NUCLEIC acids, proteins and carbohydrates is MEASURED in DALTONS. Angstrom and nanometer are units of length while FARAD is a unit of CAPACITANCE.

Right option is (c) base, SUGAR

For explanation: N nucleoside CONSISTS of a nitrogenous base such as ADENINE, guanine, CYTOSINE or THYMINE linked to a deoxyribose sugar. When a phosphate group is attached, it is known as a nucleotide.