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Sucrose is a Dextrorotatory compound. But Fructose is a Laevorotatory compound. Although Glucose is a Dextrorotatory compound, the mixture of glucose and fructose is a Laevorotatory one because the angle of rotation of Fructose is more than that of Glucose. ... Hence, it is called Invert Sugar.

Sucrose is formed from a molecule of α – glucose and a molecule of fructose. This is a condensation reaction releasing water. The bond formed between the glucose and fructose molecule by removal of water is called glycosidic bond. This is another example of strong, covalent bond.

(a) Copper II sulphate

Glycogen is not seen in Brain cells.

Watson and Crick.

Because their molecular weight does not exceed 800 Da and they are very small molecular mass compounds.

(c) Polysaccharides

Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids. They are composed of three subunit molecules: 

(i) Nitrogenous bases : Cytosine (C). Thymine (T), Adenine (A), Guanine (G). 

(ii) Five carbon sugar. 

(iii) Phosphate group. 

The phosphate group and 5-carbon sugar compose the backbone of the double helix, while the nitrogenous bases are located in the middle and are bonded to each other.

The cell components are made of collection of molecules called as cellular pool, which consists of both inorganic and organic compounds.

Water makes upto 70% of human cell and upto 95% of mass of a plant cell.

The complex three dimensional shape formed by the coiling and folding of helical polypeptide chain is known as tertiary structure of proteins. Such structure are held together by weak bonds formed between various parts of polypeptide chain. The biological activity of a protein molecule depends largely upon the specific tertiary structure.

Metabolites are the organic compounds synthesized by plants, fungi and various microbes. They are the intermediates & products of metabolism.

Collagen - Intercellular ground substance 

Trypsin - Enzyme 

Antibody - Fights infectious agents 

Receptor - Sensory perception 

GLUT-4 - Enable glucose transport into cells. 

Insulin – Hormone

• Saturated fatty acids do not possess double bonds in their hydrocarbon chain.
• Examples: butyric acid.
• Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds in their hydrocarbon chain.
• Example: Oleic acid.

(CH₂ O)_n molecular formula for carbohydrates.

(i) DNA is a genetic material which carries all the hereditary information. 

(ii) DNA also transfer genetic information from one generation to other. 

(iii) RNAs are involved in the expression of genetic code of DNA by forming specific protein. 

(iv) Some RNAs act as enzyme. 

(v) RNA helps in protein synthesis.

Regulation of Pathways: (i) Biochemical pathways are tightly regulated by cells regulatory systems. 

(ii) It depends on the allosteric site on the enzyme that catalyses the first reaction in the pathway. 

(iii) The product of one reaction may serve as substrate for next reaction. 

(iv) The method of regulating mechanism is feedback mechanism.

Glucose – C₆ H₁₂ O₆

Oleic acid and linoleic acid are the examples of unsaturated fatty acids.

Sucrose is a disaccharides composed of α – glucose & fructose.

Correct Answer is: (b) Heparin

Depending on the function, polysaccharides are of two types: 

1. storage polysaccharide and 

2. structural polysaccharide.

First protein is insulin and it was sequenced by Fred Sanger.

Correct Answer is: (c) Agar

(c) Denaturation

(b) Amphoteric

The most basic amino acid is Arginine.

After synthesis, the protein attains conformational change into a specific 3D form for proper functioning.

Enzymes are globular proteins that catalyse the thousands of metabolic reactions taking place within cells and organism.

A zwitterion also called as dipolar ion, is a molecule with two or more functional groups, of which at least one has a positive and other has a negative electrical charge and the net charge of the entire molecule is zero. The pH at which this happens is known as the isoelectric point.

Denaturation is the loss of 3D structure of protein. Exposure to heat causes atoms to vibrate violently, and this disrupts the hydrogen and ionic bonds. Under these conditions, protein molecules become elongated, disorganised strands. Agents such as soap, detergents, acid, alcohol and some disinfectants disrupt the interchain bond and cause the molecule to be non – functional.