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These are the enzymes that catalyse reactions involving breaking of large molecules without the addition of water.

The protein part of an enzyme is called ‘apoenzyme’. 

These are enzymes capable of accelerating hydrolytic reactions.

The complete conjugate enzyme, consisting of an apoenzyme and a cofactor, is called holoenzyme.

The correct answer is (A) Monosaccharides

Biomolecules are essential substances produced by our body which are necessary for life. The building blocks of life are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. 

1. Carbohydrates: 

a. Carbohydrates are biomolecules made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. 

b. The general formula of carbohydrates is (CH₂O)_n. 

c. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as in water (2:1). 

d. Carbohydrates can be broken down to release energy. 

e. Based on sugar units, carbohydrates are classified into three types: 

Monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.

2. Lipids: 

a. These are group of substances with greasy consistency with long hydrocarbon chain containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. 

b. In lipids hydrogen to oxygen ration is greater than 2:1. 

c. Lipid is a broader term used for fatty acids and their derivatives. 

d. They are soluble in organic solvents (nonpolar solvents). 

e. Fatty acids are organic acids which are composed of hydrocarbon chain ending in carboxyl group (COOH) …. 

f. These are divided into: Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids. 

g. Fatty acids are basic molecules which form different kinds of lipids. 

h. Lipids are classified into three types: Simple lipids, Compound lipids, Derived lipids.

3. Proteins: 

a. Proteins are large molecules containing amino acid units ranging from 100 to 3000.

b. They have higher molecular weight. 

c. In proteins, amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds which join the carboxyl group of one amino acid residue to the amino group of another residue. 

d. A protein molecule consists of one or more polypeptide chains. 

e. Proteins contain any or all twenty naturally occurring amino acid types. 

f. Proteins have different structures like primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure. 

g. Proteins are classified into three types:

Simple proteins: Simple proteins on hydrolysis yield only amino acids. 

E.g. Histones and albumins. 

Conjugated proteins: It consists of a simple protein united with some non-protein substance. 

E.g. Haemoglobin. 

Derived proteins: These proteins are not found in nature as such but are derived from native protein molecules on hydrolysis.

E.g. Metaproteins, peptones.

4. Nucleic Acids: 

a. Nucleic acids are macromolecules composed of many small units or monomers called nucleotides. 

b. Each nucleotide is formed of three components i.e. pentose sugar, a nitrogen base and a phosphate (phosphoric acid). 

c. When sugar combine with nitrogenous base it forms nucleoside. Nucleotides can be called as nucleoside phosphate. 

d. There are two types of nucleic acids, i.e. DNA and RNA. 

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a genetic material of a cell. It is double stranded helix. Each strand of helix is made up of deoxyribose nucleotides. 

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a single stranded structure having fewer nucleotides as compared to DNA. The strands may be straight or variously folded upon itself. It is made up of nucleotides.

Mutarotation is the change in the optical rotation that occurs by epimerization .Cyclic sugars show mutarotation as α and β anomeric forms interconvert. The optical rotation of the solution depends on the optical rotation of each anomer and their ratio in the solution.

A chemical, like protein, carrying both positive and negative charge is called amphoteric.

Ligases are the enzymes that join two substrate molecules.

Isoelectric point of the amino acid is defined as the point at which a molecule exist as zwitter ion with no net charge.

The inactive state of enzyme is called zymogen or proenzyme.

Activation energy is the initial input of the energy required to initiate a reaction

Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid.

The correct answer is (B) disaccharide

The correct answer is (C) glycosidic

The correct answer is (B) maltose

The correct answer is (D) fatty acids with glycerol

Lipids are classified into three main types: Simple lipids: 

a. These are esters of fatty acids with various alcohols. Fats and waxes are simple lipids. 

b. Fats are esters of fatty acids with glycerol (CH₂OH-CHOH-CH₂OH). 

c. Triglycerides are three molecules of fatty acids and one molecule of glycerol. 

d. Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature and are called oils. Unsaturated fatty acids are hydrogenated to produce fats e.g. Vanaspati ghee.