3593 + Interview Questions in BIOMOLECULES IN GENERAL AWARENESS Page 64 InterviewSolution

3151.	What are enzymes? Mention any 2 groups of enzymes.
Answer» Enzymes are the stable, specific protein molecules which act as biocatalysts. Following are the 2 groups of enzymes: Oxide – reductases Isomerases.

3151.

What are enzymes? Mention any 2 groups of enzymes.

Answer»

Enzymes are the stable, specific protein molecules which act as biocatalysts.

Following are the 2 groups of enzymes:

Oxide – reductases
Isomerases.

3152.	What are the components of enzymes?
Answer» Enzymes are made up of protein as well as non – protein part. The protein part is called apoenzyme and the non-protein part is coenzyme. These two together are called holoenzyme

Discussion

3153.	State the components of DNA.
Answer» DNA is composed of nitrogenous bases like adenine, guanine, cytosine and Thymine, pentose sugar deoxyribose and phosphate group.

Discussion

3154.	Name the nitrogenous bases of RNA.
Answer» Adenine Guanine Cytosine Uracil

Discussion

3155.	Write any two functions of DNA.
Answer» It controls protein biosynthesis. It is the genetic material in most of the organisms.

Discussion

3156.	What is a nucleotide? List the nucleotides of RNA.
Answer» A nucleotide is the combination of nitrogenous base, sugar and phosphoric acid. The following are the nucleotides of RNA. adenosine monophosphate (AMP) guanosine monophosphate (GMP) cytidine monophosphate (CMP) Uridine monophosphate (UMP)

3156.

What is a nucleotide? List the nucleotides of RNA.

Answer»

A nucleotide is the combination of nitrogenous base, sugar and phosphoric acid. The following are the nucleotides of RNA.

adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
guanosine monophosphate (GMP)
cytidine monophosphate (CMP)
Uridine monophosphate (UMP)

Discussion

3157.	What are the functions of RNA.
Answer» It acts as genetic material in many viruses. It helps in the process of protein synthesis.

Discussion

3158.	List any two differences between DNA and RNA.
Answer» DNA is a double-stranded molecule. RNA is a single-stranded molecule. DNA has deoxyribose sugar. RNA has Ribose sugar. DNA is genetic RNA is non-genetic. DNA has Adenine, cytosine, Gnanine & Thymine as Nitrogenous bases RNA has Adenine, cytosine, Guanine & uracil as nitrogenous bases

Discussion

3159.	What is invert sugar?
Answer» An equimolar aqueous solution of glucose and fructose is called invert sugar.

Discussion

3160.

Give three differences between DNA and RNA.

Answer»

DNA	RNA
1. it has deoxyribose as sugar.	1.it contains ribose as sugar.
2. it contains thymine along with adenine, cytosine and guanine as bases.	2. it contains uracil in place of thymine with other bases.
3. it is responsible for maintaining heredity traits from generation to generation.	3. it is responsible for protein synthesis.

Discussion

3161.	Fructose form hemiketal between gtC=O group and -OH group ofA. C-3B. C-4C. C-5D. C-6
Answer» Correct Answer - C

Discussion

3162.	Formation of hemiketal in fructose between gtC-O group and OH group of C-5 atom, which carbon atom become chiralA. C-1B. C-2C. C-3D. C-4
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

3163.	`alpha`-(D)-(-)fructose and `beta`-(D)-(-) fructose areA. anomersB. epimersC. diastereoisomersD. tautomers
Answer» Correct Answer - A

Discussion

3164.	`alpha`-(D)-(-)fructose and `beta`-(D)-(-) differs in orientation atA. C-1B. C-2C. C-3D. C-4
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

3165.	Enzymes are made up ofA. carbohydratesB. nitrogen containing carbohydratesC. edible proteinsD. protein with specific structure
Answer» Correct Answer - D

Discussion

3166.	Which of the following is not correct for enzymesA. It acts as biocatalystB. It can catalyze any chemical reactionC. It increase rate reaction by lowering activation energyD. Maltose convert glucose by using maltase enzyme
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

3167.	Enzymes (Biocatalysts) were discovered accidentally in yeast cell extract by a biochemist for which he was awarded Nobel Prize wasA. KuhneB. PasteurC. BuchnerD. Sumner
Answer» Correct Answer - C

Discussion

3168.	Who got the Nobel prize working on enzymes in the year 1978A. W. Arber and D. NathansB. Nass and NassC. R. MisraD. H.G. Khorana
Answer» Correct Answer - A (a) Arber and Nathans got nobel prize in 1978 for the discovery of restriction endonucleases.

Discussion

3169.	Class of enzymes containing in lysosmeA. LyasesB. LigasesC. HydrolasesD. Transferases.
Answer» Correct Answer - C (C) Class of enzymes contained in lysosome is hydrolases.

Discussion

3170.	To explain the mechanism of enzymatic action, who proposed 'Lock and key hypothesis'A. FischerB. JacobC. KoshlandD. Sumner
Answer» Correct Answer - A (a) Lock and key theory : Emil Fischer proposed this theory, according to which on the surface of enzymes a few elevations and ditches are found known as active sites and enzymes bind reactants on these sites to create reaction between them.

Discussion

3171.	Which is best evidence for Lock and key theory (Template theroy)?A. Competitve inhibitionB. Feed back inhibitionC. Allosteric competitionD. Non-competitive inhibition
Answer» Correct Answer - A

Discussion

3172.	What are co-factors? Give examples.
Answer» 1. Enzymes require certain inorganic ions for their activity. 2. The inorganic ions which are loosely attached to the protein part are called co-factors. 3. E.g. Magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, manganese etc. [Note: Apoenzyme (protein part) and cofactor together form a complete catalytically active enzyme which is known as holoenzyme. The co-factors are of two types; metal ions and coenzymes. A coenzyme or metal ion that is very tightly or even covalently bound to the enzyme protein is known as a prosthetic group.]

3172.

What are co-factors? Give examples.

Answer»

1. Enzymes require certain inorganic ions for their activity.

2. The inorganic ions which are loosely attached to the protein part are called co-factors.

3. E.g. Magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, manganese etc.

[Note: Apoenzyme (protein part) and cofactor together form a complete catalytically active enzyme which is known as holoenzyme. The co-factors are of two types; metal ions and coenzymes. A coenzyme or metal ion that is very tightly or even covalently bound to the enzyme protein is known as a prosthetic group.]

Discussion

3173.	An example of non-competitive inhibition isA. The inhibition of succinic dehydrogenae by malonateB. Cyanide action of cytochrome oxidaseC. Sulpha durg on folic acid synthesizing bacteriaD. Reaction of succinic dehydrogenase
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

3174.	Study the reaction given below `CO_(2)+H_(2)O underset("EnZyme")hArr H_(2)CO_(3)` In absence of any enzyme this reaction is very slow, with 200 molecules of `H_(2)CO_(3)` being formed in an hour. In presence of enzyme the reaction speeds up dramatically with about 6000,000 molecules formed every second. Name the enzyme which has accelerated up the reaction by 10 million times.A. RibozymeB. Carbonic anhydraseC. CatalaseD. Peroxidase
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

3175.	In absence of any enzymes this reaction `(CO_(2)+H_(2)O to H_(2)CO_(3))` is very slow , with aboutA. 6,00,000 molecules of `H_(2)CO_(3)` formed in one secondB. 200 molcules of `H_(2)CO_(3)` being formed in one secondC. 200 molecules of `H_(2)CO_(3)` being formed in one minuteD. 200 molecules of `H_(2)CO_(3)` being formed in one hour.
Answer» Correct Answer - D (D) In absence of any anzyme this reaction is very slow, with about 200 molecules of `H_(2)CO_(3)` being formed in one hour.

Discussion

3176.	By using the carbonic anhydrase enzyme the reaction `(CO_(2)+H_(2)O to H_(2)CO_(3))` speeds dramatically with aboutA. 6,00,000 molecules being formed every hourB. 6,00,000 molecules being formed every secondC. 36 million molecules being formed every minuteD. Both B and C
Answer» Correct Answer - D (D) By using the carbonic anhydrase enzyme the reaction speeds dramatically with about 6,00,000 molecules being formed every second or 36 million `(36xx10^(6))` molecules being formed every minutes.

Discussion

3177.	Which of the following is the least likely to be involved in stabilizing the three-dimensional folding of most proteinsA. Ester bondsB. Hydrogen bondsC. Electrostatic interactionD. Hydrophobic interaction
Answer» Correct Answer - A (a) Ester bonds are formed in nucleic acids and lipids, but not proteins

Discussion

3178.	which of the following is the least likely to be involved in stabilzing the three -dimensional folding of most proteins ?A. Hydrogen bondsB. Electrostatic interactionC. Hydrophobic interationD. Ester bonds
Answer» Correct Answer - D

Discussion

3179.	which of the following is the least likely to be involved in stabilzing the three -dimensional folding of most proteins ?A. Hydrophobic interactionB. Ester bondsC. Hydrogen bondsD. Electrostatic interaction
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

3180.	which of the following biomolecules is common to respiration - mediataed breakdown of fats , carbohydrates and proteins ?A. pyruvic acidB. Acetyl CoAC. Glucose -6-phosphateD. Fructose 1,6 - bisphosphate
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

3181.	which one of the following biomolecules is correctly characterized ?A. Lecithin - a phosphorylated glyceride found in cell membrane.B. Palmitic acid - an unsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms.C. Adenylic acid - adenosine with a glucose phosphate molecule.D. Alanine amino acid - contains an amino group and an acidic group anywhere in the molecule.
Answer» Correct Answer - A

Discussion

3182.	The given diagrammatic representation shows one of the categories of small molecular weight organic compounds in the living tissues. Identify the category shown and the one blank component "X" in it `:` A. `{:("Category","Component"),((a)"Cholesterol","Guanin"):}`B. `{:("Category","Component"),((b)"Amino acid",NH_(2)):}`C. `{:("Category","Component"),((c)"Nucleotide","Adenine"):}`D. `{:("Category","Component"),((d)"Nucleoside","Uracil"):}`
Answer» Correct Answer - D

Discussion

3183.	Select the correct statement.A. Proteins upon hydrolysis gives `alpha`-amino acid only.B. Exept glycine, all other naturally occuring `alpha`-amino acids are optically active.C. In fibrous proteins polypeptide chains are held together by hydrogen and disulphide bonds.D. Fats upon hydrolysis gives `alpha`-amino acids.
Answer» Correct Answer - a,b,c

Discussion

3184.	Select the correct statement.A. S-glyceraldehyde is also known as L-glyceraldehyde.B. The configuration of the stereocenter most distant from the carbonyl group determines whether a monosaccharide is D or L.C. Glucose and all naturally occurring sugars are D-sugars.D. Fructose and glucose can be distinguish by Fehling solution.
Answer» Correct Answer - a,b,c,d

Discussion

3185.	Which is not correct about monosaccharides ?A. optically active polyhydroxy carbonyl compounds.B. Fructose and glucose can not be distinguish by `Br_(2)//H_(2)O`C. Glucose and mannose are anomers.D. Fructose and glucose can not be distinguish by Fehling solution.
Answer» Correct Answer - b,c,d

Discussion

3186.	All sixteen possible aldohexose have been isolated or synthesised. Only three occur in nature there are :A. D-glucoseB. D-galatoseC. D-mannoseD. L-mannose
Answer» Correct Answer - a,b,c

Discussion

3187.	How many reactions are catalyzed by an enzyme?
Answer» Each enzyme catalyzes only one reaction.

Discussion

3188.	Match the sugars in columns I with their types given in column II and mark the appropriate choice. A. `(A) to (iv), (B) to (i), (C) to (iii) , (D) to (ii)`B. `(A) to (iii) , (B) to (iv) , (C) to (i), (D) to (ii)`C. `(A) to (i), (B) to (ii) , (C) to (iii), (D) to (iv)`D. `(A) to (ii), (B) to (i), (C) to (iv) , (D) to (iii)`
Answer» Correct Answer - D

Discussion

3189.	Element necessary for the middle lamellaA. CaB. ZnC. KD. Cu
Answer» Correct Answer - A Presence of cell wall is the characteristic feature of all plant cells. Cell wall consisted of three layers, middle lamella or middle layer, primary layer and secondary layer The position of middle lamella is between two primary walls of different cells and thus functions as cementing layer between therse two cells. Main constituents of middle lamella are calcium and magnesium pectate.

Discussion

3190.	Which of the following factor(s) do(es) not affect enzyme activity ? A. Temperature B. pH C. Enzyme concentration D. Product concentration E. Substrate concentration F. Activation energyA. C onlyB. C & DC. D onlyD. F only
Answer» Correct Answer - D

Discussion

3191.	Following graph represents the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity. Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’ Write proper explanation of the process.
Answer» The factors affecting the enzyme activity are as follows: 1. Concentration of substrate: a. Increase in the substrate concentration gradually increases the velocity of enzyme activity within the limited range of substrate levels. b. A rectangular hyperbola is obtained when velocity is plotted against the substrate concentration. c. Three distinct phases (A, B and C) of the reaction are observed in the graph. Where V = Measured velocity, V_max= Maximum velocity, S = Substrate concentration, K_m = Michaelis-Menten constant. d. K_m or the Michaelis-Menten constant is defined as the substrate concentration (expressed in moles/lit) to produce half of maximum velocity in an enzyme catalyzed reaction. e. It indicates that half of the enzyme molecules (i.e. 50%) are bound with the substrate molecules when the substrate concentration equals the Km value. f. K_m value is a constant and a characteristic feature of a given enzyme. g. It is a representative for measuring the strength of ES complex. h. A low K value indicates a strong affinity between enzyme and substrate, whereas a high Km value reflects a weak affinity between them. i. For majority of enzymes, the K values are in the range of 10_-5 to 10_-2 moles.

3191.

Following graph represents the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity. Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’ Write proper explanation of the process.

Answer»

The factors affecting the enzyme activity are as follows:

1. Concentration of substrate:

a. Increase in the substrate concentration gradually increases the velocity of enzyme activity within the limited range of substrate levels.

b. A rectangular hyperbola is obtained when velocity is plotted against the substrate concentration.

c. Three distinct phases (A, B and C) of the reaction are observed in the graph. Where V = Measured velocity, V_max= Maximum velocity, S = Substrate concentration, K_m = Michaelis-Menten constant.

d. K_m or the Michaelis-Menten constant is defined as the substrate concentration (expressed in moles/lit) to produce half of maximum velocity in an enzyme catalyzed reaction.

e. It indicates that half of the enzyme molecules (i.e. 50%) are bound with the substrate molecules when the substrate concentration equals the Km value.

f. K_m value is a constant and a characteristic feature of a given enzyme.

g. It is a representative for measuring the strength of ES complex.

h. A low K value indicates a strong affinity between enzyme and substrate, whereas a high Km value reflects a weak affinity between them.

i. For majority of enzymes, the K values are in the range of 10_-5 to 10_-2 moles.

Discussion

3192.	`K_(m)` value of enzyme is substrate concentration atA. zeroB. `2V_("max")`C. `1//2 V_("max")`D. `1//4V_("max")`
Answer» Correct Answer - C

Discussion

3193.	Assertion (A) In presence of enzyme, substrate molecule can be attacked by the reagent effectively. Reason (R) Active sites of enzymes hold the substrate molecule in a suitable position.A. If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.B. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.C. If assertion is true but reason is false.D. If both assertion and reason are false.
Answer» Correct Answer - A

Discussion

3194.	The bonds between the enzyme and substrate must beA. Weak and long-livedB. Weak and short-livedC. Strong and long-livedD. Strong and short-lived
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

3195.	Systematic approach of naming enzymes has been recommended by the Commission on Enzymes of theA. International Union of PhysiologyB. International Union of BiochemistryC. International Union of BiotechnologyD. International Union of Genetic Engineering
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

3196.	How many nucleotides will be present in a DNA of 20000 base pairsA. 4000B. 40000C. 20000D. 2000
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

3197.	Which of the following carbohydrates are branched polymer of glucose?(i) Amylose(ii) Amylopectin(iii) Cellulose(iv) Glycogen
Answer» (ii), (iv) (ii) Amylopectin (iv) Glycogen

3197.

Which of the following carbohydrates are branched polymer of glucose?(i) Amylose(ii) Amylopectin(iii) Cellulose(iv) Glycogen

Answer»

(ii), (iv)

(ii) Amylopectin

(iv) Glycogen

Discussion

3198.	Acidic amino acids have two-COOH groups and one `-NH_(2)` group per molecule. Select the pair that consists of acidic amino acids.A. Aspartic acid, glutamic acidB. Lysine, arginineC. Glycine, alanineD. Both (a) and (b)
Answer» Correct Answer - A Lysine and arginine are basic amino acids whereas glycine and alanine are neutral amino acids.

Discussion

3199.	Amino acids are classified as acidic, basic or neutral depending upon the relative number of amino and carboxyl groups in their molecule. Which of the following are acidic?
Answer» The correct answer is (ii), (iv)

Discussion

3200.	Amino acids are classified as acidic, basic or neutral depending upon the relative number of amino and carboxyl groups in their molecule. Which of the following are acidic?A. `(CH_(3))_(2)CH-underset(NH_(2))underset("\| ")("C ")H-COOH`B. `HOOC-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-underset(NH_(2))underset("\| ")("C ")H-COOH`C. `H_(2)N-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-COOH`D. `HOOC-CH_(2)-underset(NH_(2))underset("\| ")("C ")H-COOH`
Answer» Correct Answer - B::D These are both acidic in nature.

Discussion

Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

What are enzymes? Mention any 2 groups of enzymes.

What are the components of enzymes?

State the components of DNA.

Name the nitrogenous bases of RNA.

Write any two functions of DNA.

What is a nucleotide? List the nucleotides of RNA.

What are the functions of RNA.

List any two differences between DNA and RNA.

What is invert sugar?

Give three differences between DNA and RNA.

Fructose form hemiketal between gtC=O group and -OH group ofA. C-3B. C-4C. C-5D. C-6

Formation of hemiketal in fructose between gtC-O group and OH group of C-5 atom, which carbon atom become chiralA. C-1B. C-2C. C-3D. C-4

`alpha`-(D)-(-)fructose and `beta`-(D)-(-) fructose areA. anomersB. epimersC. diastereoisomersD. tautomers

`alpha`-(D)-(-)fructose and `beta`-(D)-(-) differs in orientation atA. C-1B. C-2C. C-3D. C-4

Enzymes are made up ofA. carbohydratesB. nitrogen containing carbohydratesC. edible proteinsD. protein with specific structure

Which of the following is not correct for enzymesA. It acts as biocatalystB. It can catalyze any chemical reactionC. It increase rate reaction by lowering activation energyD. Maltose convert glucose by using maltase enzyme

Enzymes (Biocatalysts) were discovered accidentally in yeast cell extract by a biochemist for which he was awarded Nobel Prize wasA. KuhneB. PasteurC. BuchnerD. Sumner

Who got the Nobel prize working on enzymes in the year 1978A. W. Arber and D. NathansB. Nass and NassC. R. MisraD. H.G. Khorana

Class of enzymes containing in lysosmeA. LyasesB. LigasesC. HydrolasesD. Transferases.

To explain the mechanism of enzymatic action, who proposed 'Lock and key hypothesis'A. FischerB. JacobC. KoshlandD. Sumner

Which is best evidence for Lock and key theory (Template theroy)?A. Competitve inhibitionB. Feed back inhibitionC. Allosteric competitionD. Non-competitive inhibition

What are co-factors? Give examples.

An example of non-competitive inhibition isA. The inhibition of succinic dehydrogenae by malonateB. Cyanide action of cytochrome oxidaseC. Sulpha durg on folic acid synthesizing bacteriaD. Reaction of succinic dehydrogenase

By using the carbonic anhydrase enzyme the reaction `(CO_(2)+H_(2)O to H_(2)CO_(3))` speeds dramatically with aboutA. 6,00,000 molecules being formed every hourB. 6,00,000 molecules being formed every secondC. 36 million molecules being formed every minuteD. Both B and C

Which of the following is the least likely to be involved in stabilizing the three-dimensional folding of most proteinsA. Ester bondsB. Hydrogen bondsC. Electrostatic interactionD. Hydrophobic interaction

which of the following is the least likely to be involved in stabilzing the three -dimensional folding of most proteins ?A. Hydrogen bondsB. Electrostatic interactionC. Hydrophobic interationD. Ester bonds

which of the following is the least likely to be involved in stabilzing the three -dimensional folding of most proteins ?A. Hydrophobic interactionB. Ester bondsC. Hydrogen bondsD. Electrostatic interaction

which of the following biomolecules is common to respiration - mediataed breakdown of fats , carbohydrates and proteins ?A. pyruvic acidB. Acetyl CoAC. Glucose -6-phosphateD. Fructose 1,6 - bisphosphate

Which is not correct about monosaccharides ?A. optically active polyhydroxy carbonyl compounds.B. Fructose and glucose can not be distinguish by `Br_(2)//H_(2)O`C. Glucose and mannose are anomers.D. Fructose and glucose can not be distinguish by Fehling solution.

All sixteen possible aldohexose have been isolated or synthesised. Only three occur in nature there are :A. D-glucoseB. D-galatoseC. D-mannoseD. L-mannose

How many reactions are catalyzed by an enzyme?

Element necessary for the middle lamellaA. CaB. ZnC. KD. Cu

Which of the following factor(s) do(es) not affect enzyme activity ? A. Temperature B. pH C. Enzyme concentration D. Product concentration E. Substrate concentration F. Activation energyA. C onlyB. C & DC. D onlyD. F only

Following graph represents the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity. Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’ Write proper explanation of the process.

`K_(m)` value of enzyme is substrate concentration atA. zeroB. `2V_("max")`C. `1//2 V_("max")`D. `1//4V_("max")`

The bonds between the enzyme and substrate must beA. Weak and long-livedB. Weak and short-livedC. Strong and long-livedD. Strong and short-lived

Systematic approach of naming enzymes has been recommended by the Commission on Enzymes of theA. International Union of PhysiologyB. International Union of BiochemistryC. International Union of BiotechnologyD. International Union of Genetic Engineering

How many nucleotides will be present in a DNA of 20000 base pairsA. 4000B. 40000C. 20000D. 2000

Which of the following carbohydrates are branched polymer of glucose?(i) Amylose(ii) Amylopectin(iii) Cellulose(iv) Glycogen

Acidic amino acids have two-COOH groups and one `-NH_(2)` group per molecule. Select the pair that consists of acidic amino acids.A. Aspartic acid, glutamic acidB. Lysine, arginineC. Glycine, alanineD. Both (a) and (b)

Amino acids are classified as acidic, basic or neutral depending upon the relative number of amino and carboxyl groups in their molecule. Which of the following are acidic?