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The correct ANSWER is (b) herbicide resistance

The BEST I can explain: Transgenic plants carry desirable traits like herbicide resistance. Few HERBS are weeds that interfere with the growth of normal desirable plants. Transgenic plants also carry other CHARACTERISTICS like disease-resistance, insect-resistance, etc.

Right ANSWER is (c) Escherichia and Agrobacterium

For explanation I would say: Escherichia and Agrobacterium are the two most widely used bacteria for genetic ENGINEERING. Escherichia is useful for obtaining MANY products such as insulin while Agrobacterium is used for producing BT crops.

Right answer is (b) antisense PG

For explanation: PG stands for an enzyme called polygalacturonase which is responsible for pectin DEGRADATION leading to early ripening. Antisense PG INHIBITS the FORMATION of polygalacturonase thus DELAYING the PROCESS of ripening.

Correct ANSWER is (a) Nif gene

For explanation: Nif GENES are a SET of genes that are involved in ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN fixation. They are isolated from a bacterium Rhizobium. It is a Gram-negative bacterium which symbiotically assists the leguminous plants and fix nitrogen.

Right answer is (b) False

Easy explanation: RNAi is a series of processes that involve the silencing of MRNA sequence which prevents TRANSLATION of that sequence. It takes place in all EUKARYOTES like animals, PLANTS, and FUNGI. It is not seen in prokaryotes.

The correct choice is (a) ds RNA

The best I can EXPLAIN: The sense and antisense RNA FORMS ds RNA. The sense strand has SEQUENCE same as that of mRNA which codes for a functional protein while the antisense strand CONSISTS of complementary nucleotides as that of the sense strand.

The correct choice is (d) DS RNA

For explanation: Formation of ds RNA initiates the RNAi process. RNAi is a series of processes that involve the SILENCING of mRNA sequence which prevents translation of that sequence. It is a widely USED technique used for GENE silencing.

Right CHOICE is (c) complementary

To EXPLAIN: The strand having sequence exact same to that of MRNA is called SENSE strand. The antisense strand consists of a complementary sequence that of transcribed mRNA. Antisense strand serves the template for the TRANSCRIPTION, thus sense and antisense RNA are complementary to each other.

The correct answer is (C) sense and antisense RNA

Explanation: RNAi stands for RNA INTERFERENCE. RNAi is a method involving the silencing of specific mRNA due to the binding of COMPLEMENTARY dsRNA. In RNAi, the DNA is introduced into a host plant in such a way that it produces both sense and antisense RNA.

Correct choice is (d) Silencing

Easiest explanation: Silencing prevents the TRANSLATION of the MRNA. It regulates the expression of a GENE by PREVENTING its expression. This is used in the RNAi technique. It is a METHOD used for knowing the function of the gene.

The correct choice is (B) RNAi

The explanation: RNAi is a METHOD involving the silencing of specific mRNA due to the binding of complementary dsRNA. It CONSISTS of various processes. It acts as a defense mechanism against VIRUSES and transposable ELEMENTS.

Correct choice is (c) Transposons

Best explanation: Transposons are mobile genetic elements and are ALSO known as jumping genes. These are the sequences of DNA that can MOVE from ONE position to another within the GENOME. They were first discovered by Barbara McClintock in maize plants.

The correct choice is (c) AGROBACTERIUM

For explanation I would say: Agrobacterium vectors are used for the INTRODUCTION of nematode specific genes in the HOST. This was uses for RNAi technique. INITIALLY, the host plant used was a tobacco plant.

Correct OPTION is (d) RNA INTERFERENCE

To explain I would say: RNAi stands for RNA interference. It is a series of PROCESSES in which short RNA sequences are used to recognize and MANIPULATE complementary nucleic acids. These short RNA sequences consist of 20-30 nucleotides. It protects against viruses and transposable elements.

The correct answer is (b) RNA interference

To elaborate: RNA interference is one of the cellular defense mechanisms FOUND in animals and plants. It defends against VIRUSES and TRANSPOSABLE elements. In this METHOD, short RNA STRETCHES are used (20-30 nucleotides).

Correct CHOICE is (a) Meloidogyne incognitia

Explanation: Meloidogyne incognitia is the NEMATODE that infects the roots of tobacco plants. It is also known as ‘root-knot nematode’. It is a plant-parasitic nematode. It affects both monocots as WELL as DICOT plants.

The correct OPTION is (c) Agrobacterium

The explanation is: Ti plasmid i.e. tumor-inducing plasmid is found in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This plasmid acts as a VECTOR for the Bt GENE. This Ti plasmid consists of T DNA. This T DNA, when expressed in plants, leads to tumor FORMATION.

The correct choice is (d) cry

For explanation: The Bt gene produces a protein TOXIC to insect LARVAE codes for cry protein. Cry protein is a toxic protein encoded by cry gene. This protein is toxic to VARIOUS insects and is produced by B. thuringiensis BACTERIA.

Right option is (C) T DNA

The explanation: T DNA is the transfer-DNA. The GALL producing gene in AGROBACTERIUM tumefaciens is present in T DNA. It is the DNA of TI (tumor-inducing) plasmid. It is also found in A. rhizogenes.

Correct answer is (c) insecticidal

For explanation I WOULD SAY: The protein crystals of B. thuringiensis contain toxic insecticidal protein. This protein acts against INSECTS such as lepidopterans. They cause crown GALL DISEASE to plants.

The correct option is (d) a SOIL bacterium

For explanation I would say: Insect resistance TRANSGENIC cotton has been developed by inserting a piece of DNA from a soil bacterium. The bacterium used in this is Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This organism is responsible for causing crown GALL disease in an insect.

Right answer is (a) Bacillus thuringiensis

To explain I would say: Bt STANDS for Bacillus thuringiensis. It is a bacterium that PRODUCES Bt toxin. In plants the gene of this toxin provides resistance against insects, THUS there is no NEED for spraying insecticides on plants.

Correct option is (d) TOBACCO

For EXPLANATION: The first transgenic crop (GMO) was tobacco. It was DEVELOPED in the year 1983. It was first commercially released in China in 1992. It was a virus-resistance PLANT.

Right answer is (a) True

To explain I would say: GMOs can minimize the use of fertilizers. GMO’s itself has genes that can FIGHT against the INFECTIOUS ORGANISM’s thus GIVING HIGH yield. It also has high nutritional content.

Correct option is (c) A

Easy explanation: GM RICE is enriched with vitamin A. it is ALSO known as golden rice. Gm rice produces BETA carotene which is a precursor of vitamin A. Vitamin A is IMPORTANT for growth and development and for GOOD vision.

The correct OPTION is (d) transgenic crop

The explanation: GM stands for Genetically Modified. A GM crop is a transgenic crop in which the GENES of the DESIRED crop are changed by manipulations USING various METHODS. This method gives a high yield without waste of crops.

Right answer is (c) drought

To EXPLAIN: Abiotic stress is the negative IMPACT of the non-living factors on the environment. Stress is created when this non-living factor influences the environment beyond its normal RANGE. Examples of abiotic stress are drought, cold, HEAT, salt, ETC.

Right option is (B) to produce pest-resistant varieties of PLANTS

To explain I WOULD say: An important objective of biotechnology in the area of agriculture is to produce pest-resistant varieties of plants. This will help in less wasting of CROPS with high YIELD. It will also give more products in less time and space.

The CORRECT option is (c) GENETICALLY Modified Organisms

Explanation: GMO stands for Genetically Modified Organisms. The genes of these organisms have been manipulated to OBTAIN the desired product. GMO can be a plant, bacteria, FUNGI or animal.

The correct CHOICE is (d) Norman Borlaug

Easiest explanation: The Green REVOLUTION is related to Norman Borlaug. Neel Kranti is the name assigned to the blue revolution by the INDIAN government. Napoleon Bonaparte led the French revolution while the “Father of WHITE Revolution” is VERGHESE Kurien.

Correct choice is (b) Agriculture

The BEST explanation: The green revolution is related to agriculture. It occurred between 1950-1960 and MAINLY focused on increasing agricultural PRODUCTION. It started in MEXICO.