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6351.

During an electrolysis , the cations are discharged at cathode .This is called reduction Name one divalent cation and one monovalent cation which will be discharged in preference to hydrogen ions .

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SOLUTION :`CU^(2+) and AG^(+)`
Discussion
6352.

Duralumin alloy is light , having high tensile strength and corrosion resistant

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SOLUTION :N/A
Discussion
6353.

Due to uncertainty in the names of some of the elements, a question mark is indicated before the symbol in the Mendeleev's periodic table. What are such symbols?

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Solution :Mendeleev arranged the elements in the increasing order of ATOMIC masses. In some places the atomic mass of elements would not be in RIGHT order to put them in the CORRECT group. Tellurium is heavier than Iodine, but he put Iodine after Tellurium because Iodine has similar PROPERTIES like F, Cl, Br. He PLACED the elements according to their properties and put a question mark to indicate that the atomic mass needs to be checked. for e.g. ?Yt = 88 in Mendeleev.s periodic table was corrected as Yt = 88.906 in Modem Periodic table.
Discussion
6354.

Dry pellets of base 'X' when kept in open absorb moisture and turn sticky. The compound is also formed by chlor-alkali process. Write chemical name and formula of X. Describe chlor-alkali process with a balanced chemical equation. Name the type of reaction that occurs when X is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid. Write the chemical equation. While diluting an aid, why is it recomneded that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid ?

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Discussion
6355.

Dry pellets of base 'X' when kept in open absorb moisture and turn sticky. The compound is also formed by chlor-alkali process. Write chemical name and formula of X. Describe chlor-alkali process with balanced chemical equation. Name the type of reaction that occures when X is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid. Write the chemical equation. While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid ?

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Solution :The BASE 'X' is NaOH. It is of deliquescent nature and absorbs moisture from air and becomes wet. It is manufactured by chlor-alkali process. For details consult section 2.13. The reaction of NoOH with dilute HCl is known as neutralisation reaction.
`NaOH+HCl toNaCl +H_(2)O` (Neutralisation reaction)
Pure HCl is highly concentrated. In case, it is to be diluted, the acid should be added drop-by-drop to water taken in a GLASS beaker with constant stirring. Actually, the acid has a strong affinity for water and the process of dissolution is highly exothermic. If water is added to acid so much heat is evolved that the glass beaker is likely ro crack and the acid will SPILL.
Discussion
6356.

Dry ice is

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SOLID `CO_2`
solid `CO`
solid `SO_2`
solid `He`

SOLUTION :solid `CO_2`
Discussion
6357.

Dry HCl gas does not change the colour of dry blue litmus paper . Give reasons.

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SOLUTION :In DRY state, HCl GAS does not give any `H^+` ions. It does not behave as an ACID. That is why the colour of litmus paper does not change.
Discussion
6358.

Dry ammonia has no action on litmus paper but a solution of ammonia in water turns red litmus paper blue. Why is it so ?

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Solution :DRY AMMONIA PRODUCES no hydroxide ions `(OH^-)`. A solution of ammonia in WATER contains `(OH^-)` ions.
Discussion
6359.

Draw they ray diagram showing the position of the object and image, to get the virtual erect image , to get the virtual erect image whose size is enlarged by using convex lens.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
6360.

Draw the structures of the following compounds and identify the functional group present in them : (i) Butanoic acid (ii) Bromopropane (iii) Butyne

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Solution :(i) `H-UNDERSET("Carboxyl GROUP -COOH")(underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C--underset(O)underset(||)-OH)`
(ii) `H-underset("Halogen ATOM -Br")(underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-Br)`
(iii) `H-underset("Triple bond "C equiv C ("ALKYNES"))(underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-C-=C-H)`
Discussion
6361.

Draw the structures for the following compounds : (i) Ethanoic acid (ii) Bromopentane (iii) Butanone (iv) Hexanal Are structural isomers possible for bromopentane ?

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Solution :
Possible STRUCTURAL ISOMERS of bromopentane are as follows :
Discussion
6362.

Draw the structures for the following compounds: (i) Ethanoic acid (ii) Bromopentane (iii) Butanone (iv) Hexanal Are structural isomers possible for bromopentane?

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Solution :Structures of COMPOUNDS are given as under:
(i) Ethanoic acid `H-underset(H)underset(|)OVERSET(H)overset(|)C-overset(O)overset(||)C-OH`
(II) Bromopentane
Structural isomers are possible for bromopentane. The other two isomers are :

(iii) Butanone
Discussion
6363.

Draw the structures for the following compounds: (i) Ethanoic acid (ii) Bromopentane (iii) Butanone (iv) Hexanal Are structural isomers possible for bromopentane?

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Solution :(i) Ethanoic ACID:
`H-UNDERSET(H)underset(|)OVERSET(H)overset(|)C-overset(O)overset(||)C-OH`
(ii) Bromopentane:
`H-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-Br`
(iii) Butanone:
`H-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-overset(O)overset(||)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-H`
(iv) HEXANAL:
`H-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-overset(H)overset(|)C=O`
Yes, structural ISOMERS are possible for bromopentane.
Discussion
6364.

Draw the structures for the following compounds. (i) Ethanoic acid (ii) Bromo pentane (iii) Butanone (iv) Hexanal Are structural isomers possible for bromo- pentane?

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
6365.

Draw the structure of benzene and cyclohexane. Which one is a saturated hydrocarbon ?

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
6366.

Draw the structures for the following compounds . (i) Ethanoic (ii) Bromopentane (iii) Butanone (iv) Hexanal

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Solution :i). `CH_(3)COOH,H-underset(H) underset(|)overset(H) overset(|)C-overset(O)overset(||)C-OH`
II)There MANY structural ISOMERS possible for bromopentane AMONG them,the structure of three isomer are given.
`CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)CH_(2)CH_(2)Br`,
`H-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-Br`
iii)`CH_(3)CH_(2)COCH_(3)`
`H-underset(H) underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H) underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-overset(O)overset(||)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-H`
iv)`CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)CH_(2)CH_(2)CHO`
`H-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-overset(O)overset(||)C-H`
Discussion
6367.

Draw the structure for the following compounds : (i) 2-Bromopentane, (ii) 2-methyl propane, (ii) Butanal, (iv) 1-Hexyne.

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SOLUTION :(i) `CH_(3)-CH_(2)-CH_(2)-underset(Br)underset(|)(CH)-CH_(3)`
(ii)
`CH_(3)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)(CH)-CH_(3)`
(III) `CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)CHO`
(iv) `HC -= C-CH_(2)-CH_(2)CH_(2)-CH_(3)`
Discussion
6368.

Draw the structural formula oof ethane.

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Solution :The molecular FORMULA of ethene is `C_(2)H_(4)`.
Step 1 : C - C
Step 2 : `underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C`
Step 3 : Here, one valencyy of each carbon is UNSATISFIED. This can be satisfied by writting DOUBLE bond between two carbon atoms. Thus, the structural formula of ethene is
Discussion
6369.

Draw the structural formula of a compound with two carbon atoms inthe following cases:An unsaturated hydrocarbon with a carbon to carbon triple bond.

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SOLUTION :`H - C -= C - H`
Discussion
6370.

Draw the structural formula of a compound with two carbon atoms inthe following cases:An alkane with a carbon to carbon single bond.

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SOLUTION :`H- UNDERSET(H) underset(|) OVERSET(H)overset(|)C-underset(H) underset(|) overset(H)overset(|)C-H`
Discussion
6371.

Draw the structural formula of a compound with two carbon atoms inthe following cases:An alcohol containing two carbon atoms.

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SOLUTION :`H- UNDERSET(H) underset(|) OVERSET(H)overset(|)C-underset(H) underset(|) overset(H)overset(|)C-O-H`
Discussion
6372.

Draw the structural formula for the diethyl ether

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SOLUTION :`C_2H_5 - O - C_2H_5`
Discussion
6373.

Draw the structural formula for the Ethanoic acid

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
6374.

Draw the structural formula for the propanoic acid

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SOLUTION :`CH_3 - CH_2- undersetoverset(||)(O)(C) - O - H`
Discussion
6375.

Draw the structural formula for the But-2-yne

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
6376.

Draw the structural formula for the 2, 3-dimethylbutane

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
6377.

Draw the ray diagrams for the image formation in a convex lens when an object is placed (i) at focus F_(1) (ii) beyond 2F_(1)

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
6378.

Draw the ray diagram when the object is kept between F_(1) and 2f_(1)of the convex lens. With the help of the diagram mention the position and nature of the image formed. [ f_(1) : Principal focus of the lens]

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SOLUTION :
NATURE of IMAGE : enarged, REAL and INVERTED
Discussion
6379.

Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex lens when an object is placed (a) between optical centre and focus of the lens(b) between focus and twice the focal length of the lens OR Draw the ray diagram when the object is kept between F_(1) and 2F_(1) of the convex lens. With the help of the diagram mention the position and nature of the image formed. [F_(1) : Principal focus of the lens](c ) at twice the focal length of the lens(d) at infinity(e ) at the focus of the lens

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SOLUTION :i) at FOCUS `F_1`
(II) BEYOND `2F_1`
Discussion
6380.

Draw the ray diagram showing the recombination of the spectrum of white light.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
6381.

Draw the ray diagrsm showing the position of the object and image to get real the inverted image, whose size is same as the object using convex lens.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
6382.

Draw the ray diagram showing the image formation by a convex lens, when the object is kept beyond 2F, with the help of the diagram mention the nature of the image formed.

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SOLUTION :
The NATURE of the IMAGE is VIRTUAL and ERECT
Discussion
6383.

Draw the ray diagram showing myopic eye and correction for myopia.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
6384.

Draw the ray diagram for the image formation in a conves lens when an object is placed.

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Solution :(i) at FOCUS `F_(1)`
(II) beyond `2F_(1)`
Discussion
6385.

Draw the possible isomers of thecompound with molecular formula C_3H_6Oand also give their dot structures.

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SOLUTION :The two POSSIBLE isomers are an ALDEHYDE (PROPANAL] and a ketone (PROPANONE).
Discussion
6386.

Draw the graph of Atomic radii toAtomic numbers for the elements of second period.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
6387.

Draw the graph of Atomic radiito Atomic numbers for the alkali metal elements.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
6388.

Draw the electron dot structures for - (a) Ethanoic acid (b) H_(2)S ( c ) Propanone (d) F_(2)

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SOLUTION :(a) ETHANOIC ACID :
Discussion
6389.

Draw the electrons dot structure of an alkane having molecular formula C_6H_14.

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SOLUTION :ELECTRON DOT FORMULA of `C_6H_12`.
Discussion
6390.

Draw the electron dot structures for: (a) ethanoic acid (b) H_(2)S (c ) propanone (d) F_(2)

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
6391.

Draw the electron dot structure of nitrogen molecule.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
6392.

Draw the electron dot structure of the gas molecule which is liberated when zinc metal is treated with aqueous NaOH solution.

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SOLUTION :HYDROGEN GAS,
Discussion
6393.

Draw the electron dot structures for

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ETHANOIC acid
`H_(2)S`
PROPANONE
`F_(2)`

SOLUTION :Ethanoic acid
Discussion
6394.

Draw the electron dot structure of ethyne and also draw its structural formula.

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Solution :`H:Coverset(..)OVERSET(..)(..)C:H""` Electron DOT STRUCTURE
`H-C-=C-H""` STRUCTURAL formula
Discussion
6395.

Draw the electron dot structure of ethyne. A mixture of ethyne and onygen is burnt for welding In your opinion, why camalot we use a mixture of ethyne and air for this purpose.

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Solution :Electron dot structure of ethyne -
`H..CvdotsvdotsC..H`
No, the mixture of ethyne and air cannot be used for welding because when ethyne is burnt is air, it gives a sooty flame. This is due to INCOMPLETE combustion caused by limited supply of air. HOWEVER if ethyne is burnt with oxygen, it gives a clean flame with TEMPERATURE `3000^(@)C` because of complete combustion. This oxy-acetylene flame is used for welding. It is not possible to attain such a high temperature without mixing oxygen.
Discussion
6396.

Draw the electron dot structure of cyclohexane (C_(6)H_(12)).

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SOLUTION :The ELECTRON dot STRUCTURE of the CYCLOHEXANE is GIVEN below :
Discussion
6397.

Draw the electron dot structure of ethene.

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Solution :Molecular FORMULA of ethene is `C_(2)H_(4)`. The electron dot STRUCTURE of ethene is given below :
Discussion
6398.

Draw the electron dot structure of ethyne.

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SOLUTION :Molecualr formula of ethyne is `C_(2)H_(2)`. The ELECTRON DOT STRUCTURE of ethyne is given below :
Discussion
6399.

Draw the electron dot structure of ethane.

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Solution :The ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION of carbon is as FOLLOWS :
`""_(6)C:{:(K,L),(2,4):}`
The electron dot structure of ethane is shown below :
Discussion
6400.

Draw the electron dot structure of benzene (C_(6)H_(6)).

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SOLUTION :The ELECTRON dot STRUCTURE of the benzene is as FOLLOWS :
Discussion