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Empirical formula shows the actual NUMBER of atoms of different ELEMENTS in one MOLECULE of the compound
Ozone (`O_(3)` ) is another form of oxygen gas at room temperature
Gases are EASILY compressible
Pressure is defined as FORCE divided by the area perpendicular to which the force is applied

Photochemical smog : `NO_(2)` and `O_(3)`
Classsical smog : `So_(2),So_(3)` and humidity
smog : smoke and fog
NON VIABLE particulate : ALGAE, FUNGI

`-OH, -SH, -NH_(2)` Positive mesomeric effect
`-NO_(2) GT CO, -COOH` Negative mesomeric effect
`-F, -CI, -NO_(2)`: Electron withdrawing group
`-C(CH_(3))_(3), -CH(CH_(3))_(3), -CH_(2) -CH_(3)` Electron withdrawing group

1) Work is defined as force MULTIPLIED by the DISPLACEMENT : -w=F. x
2) Enthalpy change : `DeltaH=DeltaU-DeltangRT`
3) Gibbs free energy : `DeltaG=DeltaH -TDeltaS`
4) The entropy of a PERFECTLY crystalline material at absolute zero :Zero

Acid MAKING elements : S,P
Gas LIKE elements Oxygen, Hydrogen
Metallic elements : Gold, Lead
Earthy elements : `Cl_2,Br_2`

`3 Mg (s) N_(2)(g)rarrMg_(3)N_(2)(s)`
`P_(4)(s)+3NaOH(aq)+3H_(2)O(l)rarrPH_(3)(g)+3NaH_(2)PO_(2)(aq)`
`CI_(2)(g)+2KI(aq)rarr2KCI(Aq)+I_(2)(s)`
`Cr_(2)O_(3)(s)+2AI(s)rarrAI_(2)O_(3)(s)+2cr`

`3Mg_((s))+N_(2_((g))) to Mg_(3)N_(2_((s)))`.
`P_(4(s))+3NaOH+3H_(2)Oto PH_(3(g))+3NaH_2PO_(2(aq))`.
`CI_(2(g))+2KI_((aq))to2KCI_((aq))+I_(2)`
`Cr_(2)O_(3_((s)))+2AI_((s))toAI_(2)O_(3)(s)+2Cr(s)`

E=hv
E=`MC^(2)`
`gamma=mv/h`
`gamma=h/p`

`H_(2(G)) + I_(2(g)) hArr 2HI_((g)) : Delta n_(g) = -ve`
`PCl_(5(g)) hArr PCl_(3(g))+ Cl_(2(g)) : Delta n_(g) = -ve`
`N_(2(g)) + O_(2(g)) hArr 2NO_((g)) : Delta n_(g) = + ve`
`2NH_(3(g)) hArr N_(2(g)) + 3 H_(2(g)) : Delta n_(g) = +ve`

all are correct
II and IV are correct 
only ii is correct 
no statement is correct. 

Beryllium is not readily attacked by acids because of the PRESENCE of an oxide film on the surface of the METAL.
Beryllium sulphate is readily soluble in water as the greater hydration enthalpy of `Be^(2+)` overcomes the lattice enthalpy factor.
Beryllium EXHIBITS coordination number more than four.
Beryllium oxide is purely acidic in nature.

Beryllium is not readilyattacked by ACIDS because of the presence of an oxide film on the SURFACE of the METAL .
Beryllium sulphate is readily soluble in water as the greater hydration enthalpy of `Be^(2+)` overcomes the lattice enthalpy factor .
Beryllium EXHIBITS coordination NUMBER more than four .
Beryllium oxide is purely acidic in nature .

Beryllium is not READILY attacked by acids because of the presence of an oixde film on the surface of the metal
Beryllium sulphate is readily soluble in water as the greater hydration enthalpy of `Be^(2+)` overcomes the LATTICE enthalpy factor.
Beryllium exhibits COORDINATION number more than four.
Beryllium oixde is purely ACIDIC in nature

A node is a POINT in space where the wave-funtion Y has zero AMPLITUDE .
The number of maximum (peaks) in radial probability distribution function is (n-l)
Radial probability density is `4PI r^2 R_(n.l)^2 (r)`
`PSI`represents probability of FINDING electron

Internal energyof `H_(2)O` remainsconstantduringconverstion of liquid into its vapour at connstant TEMPERTURE .
Duringfusion of ICE into water enthalpy change and internal energy changeare almost same at constant TEMPERATURE.
Molar heatcapacity of gasaes are temperature DEPENDENT
Duringcomparessionof an ideal gas at constant pressure, the temperature of gas decreases.

The MAXIMUM positive oxidation state shown by any element is equal to the TOTAL number of electrons (s and p) in valence shell
The maximum oxidation state shown by ELEMENTS in a group is also known as group oxidation number
Group oxidation number is the most common or most stable oxidation state for a particular element
All the elements in a group form some compounds in which they EXHIBIT their group oxidation number

Temperature, enthalpy and entropy are state functions
For both reversible and irreversible isothermal expansion of an ideal GAS, change in internal energy and enthalpy is zero
For a reaction in which `Delta n_(g) = 0`, entropy change is not always zero
The entropy change associated with reversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas is equal to 2.303 R `"LOG"_(10) (P_(1))/(P_(2))`

Except beryllium ,all other alkaline EARTH metals combine with hydrogen on heating to GORM hydirde `(MH)_(2)`
BERYLIUM hyDride is Covalent in character
Magnesium hydride is covalent in character
all the above

Large REDUCING nature of Be is due to large hydration energy and large VALUE of enthalpy of atomization
Alkaline earth METALS dissolve in liquid ammonia to give deep blue-black SOLUTIONS forming ammoniated ions
From the solutions of (b), AMMONIATES `[M(NH_(3))_(6)]^(2+)` can be recovered
all of the above

The atomic masses on `.^(12)C` scale BECAME whole numbers.
`.^(12)C` is more ABUNDANT in the earth's crust than `.^(16)O`
The difference between the physical and chemical atomic masses got narrowed down SIGNIFICANTLY
`.^(12)C` is situated midway between metals and NONMETALS in the periodic table

the atomic masses on `""^12C` scale became WHOLE NUMBERS.
`""^12C` is more abundant in the earth"s crust than `""^16O`
The DIFFERENCE between the physical and chemical atomic masses GOT narrowed down significantly
`""^12C` is situated midway between metals and non-metals in the periodic table

It will not show G.I.
Total numbe of geometrical ISOMERS are two
Double bond equibalent is two
It is a BICYCLO compound

PH of ACIDIC buffer SOLUTION decreases if more salt is added
pH of acidic buffer solution increase if more salt is added
pH of basic buffer DECRASES if more salt is added
pH of basic buffer incrases if more salt is added

II is not acceptable canonical structure because carbonium ions are less stable than AMMONIUM ions.
II is not an acceptable canonical structure because it is non aromatic.
II is not an acceptable canonical structure because the nitrogen has 10 valence shell electrons .
II is not acceptable canonical structure .

(B) is formed more rapidly at higher
(b) is more volatile than (a)
(a) is more volatle than (b)
(a) is formed in higher yields at LOWER temperature

1) Raoult's law is applicable to volatile SOLID solute in liquid solvent
2) Henry's law is applicable to SOLUTION containing solid solute in liquid solvent
3) For very dilute solutions, the solvent obeys Raoult's law and the solute obeys Henry's law.
4) For SATURATED solution containing volatile solid solute in liquid solvent both LAWS are obeyed.

In REDOX reaction, number of ELECTRONS lost is more than number of electrons gained
In redox reaction, number of electrons lost is less than number of electrons gained
In redox reaction, number of electrons lost is EQUAL number of electrons gained
In redox reaction, no transfer and gain of electrons during the reaction.

Ce , Gd , U are Lanthanoids
Cu , AG , Au are known as coinage metals
LI is strongest reducing agent in AQ`.` SOLUTION
Reducing character decreases down the group

Silver chloride in mor soluble in very concentrated sodium choride SOLUTION than in pure water.
The `PH` of a a buffer solution does not change on addition of small amount of an acid or a base
Degree of hydrolysis of ammonia ACETATE does not depend upon the concentration of AMMONIUM acetate solution
A mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate can act as buffer solution.

`-CONH_(2) gt -COOR gt -NO_(2) gt -X gt -R`
`-CHO gt -CONH_(2) gt -NH_(2) gt -CO- gt -OH`
`-COOR gt - CONH_(2) gt - C -= N gt -CHO gt -CO-`
`-C -= N gt - COOH gt - NH_(2) gt - COOR gt - CONH_(2)`

CCF : GREEN house effect
CO: Carcinogenic
PAH :Acid RAIN
NO : LUNG injury

Chlorobenzene + chloral : DDT
Chloroform + `HNO_3`: Phosgene
Chloroform + `Zn//HCl`:METHYL isocyanide
METHANE + `4Cl_2` : CARBON TETRA chloride

`"(a)"+C(CH_(3))_(3) gt .^(+)CH(CH_(3))_(2) gt CH_(2) - CH_(3) gt CH_(3)` Relative stability of CARBOCATION
`(b)-C(CH_(3))_(3) gt .^(-)CH(CH_(3))_(2) gt .^(-)CH_(2) -CH_(3) gt.^(-)CH_(3)`, Relative stability of carbanion
`"(c)"OH^(-), RO^(-), RCOO^(-)` , Neutal NUCLEOPHILE
`(d)AICI_(3),BF_(3),FeCI_(3)`,Positively CHARGED nucleophile

SODIUM carbonate : `Na_(2)CO_(3)`
Sodium bicarbonate : `NaHCO_(3)`
COOKING salt : NaCl
 Baking soda : `Na_(2) CO_(3)`

Fluorine oxidation state is -1
`H_(2)` : oxidation state is +1
`Cl_(2)` : oxidation state is -1
`SO_(4)^(2-)` oxidation state of S is -4

`O_2^(2-) GT O_2^(+) gt O_2^(-) gt O_2`
`O_2^(+) gt O_2^(2-) gt O_2^(-) gt O_2`
`O_2^(+) gt O_2 gt O_2^(-) gt O_2^(2-)`
`O_2 gt O_2^(-) gt O_2^(2-) gt O_2^(+)`

`NgtOgtF`
`FgtOgtN`
`NgtOltF`
`OgtFgtN`

Favourable conditions for formation of graphite are high pressure and low TEMPERATURE from equilibrium diamond `(d=3.5g//ml)hArr` graphite `(d=2.3g//ml),Delta=-1.9kJ//"mole"`
For reaction `N_2O_4(g)hArr2NO,(g)`, DEGREE of dissociation `(alpha)` is `sqrt(K/(4P+K_P))` where P is equilibrium pressure.
For reaction `CI_2(g)+3F_2(g)hArr2CIF_3(g),DeltaH=-329kJ` ,dissociation of `CIF_3(g)` will be favoured by ADDITON of INERT gas at constant pressure.
Reaction stops at equilibrium (microscopically).

TFTF
TTTF
FTTT
TTFF

TFFF
TFFT
TTTF
TFTT

Use CHEMICAL fertilizers in the farm.
Use EXTRACT on Neem, Aak and Dhatura leaves to control PESTS.
Plastic WASTES should be dumped in the soil.
Use chemical PESTICIDES to save crop.

`Delta H lt Delta U`
`Delta H gt Delta U`
`Delta H = Delta U`
`Delta H LE Delta U`

2, stable
2, unstable
0, stable
0, unstable

`CsH gt KH gt NaH gt LIH` (Order of stability)
`H_(2)O lt NH_(3)lt CH_(4)` (Order of dipole moment)
`PH_(3)lt AsH_(3)lt NH_(3)lt SbH_(3)` (Order of boiling point)
`X---H-X, X=O gt F gt N gt S gt Cl` (Order of strength of H-bonding)

A' represents vapour composition and 'B' the liquid composition
A' as well as 'B' represent liquid composition
Both 'A' and 'B' represent vapour composition
A' represents liquid composition and 'B' the vapour composition