This section includes 7 InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Current Affairs knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
What is called troposphere? How many layers are present in it? Give their names |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The LOWEST layer of the atmosphere is called the troposphere and it extends from 0 10 km from the earth surface. (ii) About 80% of the MASS of the atmosphere is in this layer. 3 LAYERS are present in it. (iii) They are (1) Hydrósphere, (2) Lithosphere and (3) BIOSPHERE |
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| 2. |
Under which situtions can be amorphous substance change to crystalline form ? |
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Answer» As a RESULT of slow heating and COOLING over a long period, an amorphous solid ACQUIRES some crystalline CHARACTER e.g., window glass of old buildings. |
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| 3. |
Which are the source of the following acid or present in our body ?(i) Hydrochloric acid (ii) Acetic acid (iii) Ascorbic acid (iv) cytric acid (v) Tartaric acid |
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Answer» Solution :(i)Hydrochloric acid : It is secreted as digestive juice in stomach, DAILY 1.2 to 1.5 L secreted. It is required for digestion. (ii) Acetic Acid It is main component of VINEGAR. (III) Circtic Acid : It is the main component of LEMON and ORANGE. (iv) Ascorbic Acid : In lemon and orange juice (v) Tartaric Acid : In tamarind |
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| 4. |
Which of the following species is not stable ? |
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Answer» `[SiCl_6]^(2-)` |
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| 5. |
What are th oxidation number of the underlined elements in each of the following and how do you rationalize your results ? (a) KI_(3) (b) H_(2)S_(4)O_(6) (c )Fe_(3)O_(4) (d) CH_(3)CH_(2)OH (e )CH_(3)COOH |
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Answer» Solution :(A) in `KI_(3)` since the oxidation number of K is +1 therefore the average oxidation number of iodine =-`1//3` but the oxidation numbercannot be fractional therefore we must consider its structure `K^(+)[I-lrarr]^(-)` here a coordinate bond is formed between `I_(2)` moleceul and `T^(-)` ion the oxidation number of two IODIN eatoms forming the `IO_(2)` molecure is zero while that of iodine forming the coordinate bond is -1 thus the O.N of there I atoms atoms in `KI_(3)` are 0,0 and -1 respectively (b) By conventional method O.N of S in `H_(2)S_(4)O_(6) =overset((+1)H_(2)overset(x)S_(4)overset(-2)O_(6) or 2(+1)` (b) By conventional method O.N of S in `H_(2)S_(2)O_(6)=H_(2)S_(4)O_(6)` or 2(+1) +4 x+6 (-2) =0 or x=+2.5 (wrong) but it is wrong because all the FOIU S atoms cannot be int he same oxidation state by chemical bonding method the structure of `H_(2)S_(4)O_(6)` is show below `H-O overset(+5)-underset(O)underset(||)overset(O)overset(||)S-overset(S)-overset(0)S-underset(O)underset(||)overset(O)overset(||)Soverset((+5)-OH` The O.N of each of the S atoms linked witheach other in the middle is zero whilethat of each of the remaining two S atoms is +5 (c ) By conventional method O.N of Fe in `Fe_(3) O_(4)^(-2)` therefore of Fe in `Fe_(3)O_(4)^2` and +3 (d) By conventional method O.N of Cin `H_(3)CH_(2)OH =C_(2)H_(6)O` or 2x+6(+1)+1 (-2) =0or x=-2 by chemical bonding `C_(2)` is ATTACHED to threeH atoms (less electronegative than carbon ) and one `CH_(2)OH` group (more electronegative than carbon) therefore `H overset(2)-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-OH` O.N of `C_(2)=3(+1)+x1(-1)=0 or x=-2` `C_(1)` is however attachedot one OH (O.N =-1) and one `CH_(3)`(O.N)=+1group (e ) By conventional method `CH_(3)COOH=C_(2)H_(4)O_(2) or 2x+4-4=0 or x=0` by chemical bonding method `C_(2)` is attached to three h atomsand one -COOH group (more electronative than carbon) `H-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)C-overset(O)overset(||)C-OH` n `C_(1)` is however attached to one oxygen atom by double bond one OH(O.N =-1) and one `CH_(3)(O.N=+1)` group therefore therefore O.N of `C_(1) =+1+x+1(-2)+1 =0 OH or x=+2` |
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| 6. |
Which one of the relationship is wrong? |
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Answer» 2 Vapour DENSITY -MOL. Mass |
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| 7. |
Which of the followingelementscan showcovalencygreater than4 ? |
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Answer» Be |
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| 8. |
Which of the following species are expected to have spectrum similar to hydrogen? |
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Answer» `He^(+)` |
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| 9. |
Which of the following represents an electrophilic substitution reaction ? |
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Answer» WURTZ reaction |
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| 10. |
The typical reaction of benzene and other aromatic compounds is electrophilic substitution. Presence of electron donating group activates the ring towards electrophilic substitution, while presence of electron withdrawing group deactivates the ring towards electrophilic substitution but at the same time activates the ring towards nucleophilic substitution. Some groups are predominantly meta directing and all of these are deactivating. Except halogen, most of the o- and p- directing groupsare activating groups. (E.A.S = Electrophilic aromatic substation) The reaction of toluene with Cl_2 in presence of FeCl_3 gives predominantly: |
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Answer» <P>m-chlorotoluene |
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| 11. |
The typical reaction of benzene and other aromatic compounds is electrophilic substitution. Presence of electron donating group activates the ring towards electrophilic substitution, while presence of electron withdrawing group deactivates the ring towards electrophilic substitution but at the same time activates the ring towards nucleophilic substitution. Some groups are predominantly meta directing and all of these are deactivating. Except halogen, most of the o- and p- directing groupsare activating groups. (E.A.S = Electrophilic aromatic substation) Presence of nitro group in benzene ring: |
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Answer» Deactivates the RING for E.A.S. REACTION |
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| 12. |
When 159.5g of CuSo_4solution is reacted with KI, then the liberated iodine required 100 ml of 1 M Na_(2) S_(2)O_3for complete reaction, then what is the percentage purity of Cu in CuSO_4solution |
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Answer» `10%` `Cu^(+2) = 100 xx63.5 xx10^(-3) = 6.35 g` 159.5 of `CuSO_4` should CONTAIN = 63. 5 g of COPPER but only 6.35g Cu is PRESENT % purity = `(6.35 )/(63.5)xx100 = 10%` |
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| 13. |
Which of the following species, do not show disproportionation reaction and why? CIO^(-),CIO_(2)^(-),CIO_(3)^(-)andCIO_(4)^(-) Also write reaction for each of the species that disproportionates. |
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Answer» Solution :Among the OXOANIONS of CHLORINE listed above `ClO_(4)^(-)` does not disproportionate because in this oxoanion chlorine is present in its highest oxidation state that is, +7. The disproportionation reactions for the other three oxoanions of chlorine are as FOLLOWS : `overset(+1)(3ClO^(-))tooverset(-1)(2Cl^(-))+overset(+5)(ClO_(3)^(-))` `overset(+3)(6ClO_(2)^(-))overset(hv)tooverset(+5)(4ClO_(3)^(-))+overset(-1)(2Cl^(-))` `overset(+5)(4ClO_(3)^(-))tooverset(-1)(Cl^(-))+overset(+7)(3ClO_(4)^(-))` |
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| 14. |
Which of the following pairs of ions isoelectronic and isostructural ? |
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Answer» `CO_3^(2-) , SO_3^(2-)` Both are having one LONE pair on CENTRAL atom hence they are pyramidal. |
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| 15. |
Write the electronic configurations of the elements : Chlorine and Phosphorus. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Chlorine `(._(17)Cl)=1S^(2) 2s^(2) 2p^(6) 3s^(2) 3p_(x)^(2) 3p_(x)^(2) 3p_(Z)^(1)`, Phosphorus `(._(15)P)=1s^(2) 2s^(2) 2p^(6)3s^(2) 3p_(x)^(1) 3p_(y)^(1) 3p_(z)^(1)` | |
| 16. |
Which of the following is a amphoteric metal |
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Answer» Bc |
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| 17. |
What is f-block elements ? Give is characteristics. |
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Answer» Solution :The two rows of elements at the bottom of the PERIODIC Table, called the Lanthanoids, Ce (Z = 58) - Lu (Z = 71) and Actinoids, Th (Z = 90) - Lr (Z = 103) are characterised by the outer electronic configuration `(n -2) f^(1-14) (n -1) d^(0-1) ns^(2)`. The last electron added to each element is filled in f-orbital. These two series of elements are hence called the Inner-Transition Elements - Block Elements). They are all metals. Within each series, the properties of the elements are quite similar. The chemistry of the early actinoids is more complicated than the corresponding lanthanolds, due to the large number of oxidation states POSSIBLE for these actinoid elements. Actinoid elements are radioactive. Many of the actinoid elements have been made only in nanogram quantities or EVEN less by nuclear reactions and their chemistry is not FULLY studied. The elements after uranium are called Transuranium Elements. |
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| 18. |
Writes short notes on Resonance |
Answer» SOLUTION :Resonance : Certain organic COMPOUNDS be represented by more than ONE structure and they differ only in the position of BONDING and lone pair of electrons . Such structures are called resonance structures ( CANONICAL structures ) and this phenomenon is called resonance .
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| 19. |
Which is the correct statement about sodium chloride? |
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Answer» sodium CHLORIDE MELTS at 1081K |
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| 20. |
Write the IUPAC names of the compounds i-iv from their given structures: (i) overset(1)(CH_(3))- overset(2)(CH_(2))- underset(underset(OH)(|))overset(3)(CH)- overset(4)(CH_(2))- overset(5)(CH_(2)) - underset(underset(CH_(3))(|))overset(6)(CH)- overset(7)CH_(2) - overset(8)(CH_(3)) (ii) overset(6)(CH_(3)) - overset(5)(CH_(2))- underset(underset(O)(||))overset(4)(C )- overset(3)(CH_(2)) - underset(underset(O)(||))overset(2)(C )- overset(1)(CH_(3)) (iii) overset(6)(CH_(3)) - underset(underset(O)(||))overset(5)(C )- overset(4)(CH_(2)) - overset(3)(CH_(2)) - overset(2)(CH_(2))- overset(1)(C )OOH (iv) overset(6)(CH) -= overset(5)(C )- overset(4)(CH) = overset(3)(CH) - overset(2)(CH) = overset(1)(CH_(2)) |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The functional group present is an alcohol (OH). Hence the SUFFIX is .-ol. The LONGEST chain containing `-OH` has eight carbon atoms. Hence the corresponding saturated HYDROCARBON is octane. The `-OH` is on carbon atom 3. In addition, a methyl group is attached at `6^(th)` carbon. Hence, the systematic name of this compound is 6-Methylocant -3-ol (ii) The functional group present is ketone , hence suffix .-one.. Presence of two keto groups is indicated by .di.,hence suffix becomes .dione.. The two keto groups are at carbons 2 adn 4. The longest chain contains 6 carbon atoms, hence, parent hydrocarbon is hexane. Thus, the systematic name is Hexane-2,4-dione (iii) Here, two functional groups namely ketone and carboxylic acid are present. The PRINCIPAL functional group is the carboxylic acid group, hence the parent chain will be suffixed with .oic. acid. Numbering of the chain starts from carbon of `-COOH` functional group. The keto group in the chain at carbon 5 is indicated by .oxo.. The longest chain including the principle functional group has 6 carbon atoms, hence the parent hydrocarbon is hexane. The compound is, therefore, named as 5-oxohexanoic acid (iv) The two `C=C` functional groups are present at carbon atoms 1 and 3, while the `C -=C` functional group is present at carbon 5. These groups are indicated by suffixes .DIENE. and .yne. respectively. The longest chain containing the functional groups has 6 carbon atoms: hence the parent hydrocarbon is hexane. The name of compound, therefore, is Hexa-1, 3-dien-5-yne |
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| 21. |
Write the systematic names of the following bond line formulae : (a) |
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Answer» (b) 1,3 - Pentadiene ; (C ) 2-Chloropropane ACID |
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| 22. |
What is the relationship between wavelength and momentum of a particle ? |
| Answer» Solution :`lamda = (H)/(p)` where `lamda` is WAVELENGTH, h is PLANK's constant and p is the MOMENTUM. | |
| 23. |
Write the uses of calcium hydroxide. |
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Answer» Solution :Calcium hydroxide is used (i) in the PREPARATION of mortar, a building material. (ii) in white wash due to its disinfectant nature. (iii) in GLASS making and tanning industry (IV) for the preparation of bleaching powder and for the purification of sugar. |
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| 24. |
Under similar conditions of temperature and pressure the rate of diffusion is very low for the following gas |
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Answer» `SO_2` |
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| 25. |
What is the value of n in the following half equation, Cr(OH)_(4)^(-)+ OH^(-) rarrCrO_(4)^(2-)+H_(2)O+"ne"^(-) |
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Answer» Write OXIDATION states, we have . `[overset(+3)Cr(OH)_(4)]^(-)+OH^(-) rarr[overset(+6)CrO_(4)]^(2-)+H_(2)O` The VALANCE oxidation state of Cr on both sides , add `3e^(-)` on R.H.S . |
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| 26. |
Use of hot air balloon in sports and metorological observation is an application of |
| Answer» Answer :A | |
| 27. |
Name the species that will be isoelectronic with Ar |
| Answer» SOLUTION :`AR (18 ELECTRONS),S^(2-),Cl,P^(3-),K^+,Ca^(2+)` | |
| 28. |
Which elements are present in third period of Mendeleev's periodic table ? |
| Answer» ANSWER :d | |
| 29. |
Which of the following is basic in nature ? |
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Answer» `Be(OH)_(2)` |
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| 30. |
Very pure hydrogen (99.9) can be made by which of the following processes. |
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Answer» reaction of methane with steam. |
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| 31. |
Which of the following is an associated colloid ? |
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Answer» Protein + WATER |
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| 32. |
Unpaired electronoversetCH_3 occupies |
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Answer» sp-HYBRID ORBITAL |
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| 33. |
What are the importance of hydrogen bonding in proteins? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Hydrogen bonds uccur in complex biomolecules such as PROTEINS and in biological systems. (ii) For example, hydrogen bonds play an important role in the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), SINCE it holds together the two helical NUCLEIC acid CHAINS. (iii) In these systems, hydrogen bonds are FORMED between specific pairs, for example, with a thymine unit in one chain bonding to an adenine unit in another, similarly, a cytosine unit in one chain bonds to a guanine unit in another. (iv) Intramolecular hydrogen bondong also plays an important role in the structure of polymers, both synthetic and natural. |
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| 34. |
Thermodynamically stable form of C is ....... |
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Answer» Graphite |
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| 35. |
Three states of matter are results ? |
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Answer» Solution :We have already learnt that INTERMOLECULAR FORCES tend to KEEP the molecules together but thermal ENERGY of the molecules tends to keep them apart. Three states of MATTER are the result of balance between intermolecular forces and the thermal energy of the molecules. |
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| 36. |
Which one is not the properly of gas ? |
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Answer» Gases are mixed with each other. |
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| 37. |
Which of the following molecular orbital has the lowest energy? |
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Answer» `rho_(2PZ)` |
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| 38. |
What isthe energyin joules requriedto shiftthe electronof the hydrogen atom from thefirstBohrorbitto the fifthbohrorbitand whatis thewavelengthof the lightemittedwhen theelectronreturnsto the groundstate? Thegroundstateelectronenergyis 2.18 xx 10^(1) ergs |
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Answer» Solution :CALCULATION of transitionenergyof Bohr.s1 to5 orbit. `10^(7)"earg" =1j` `2,18 xx 10^(11) "earg"= (?)` `(2.18xx 10^(11) "earg" xx 11)/( 10^(7)"earg" )= 2.18 xx 10^(18)` Groundstateenergyof hydrogen`E_(1)=2 .18 xx 10^(18) J` bohrorbitof hydrogen is one son=1and `E_(1)` electronrequiredfor transitionof electronin`n_(1)` to`n_(5)` is `Delta E` Calculationof emittedwavelengthwhenelectronreturnto GROUNDSTATE : `lambda= (hc )/( Delta E)` |
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| 39. |
Using the periodic Table, predict the formulas of compounds which might be formed by the following pair of elements, aluminium and sulphur. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :`Al_2S_3` | |
| 40. |
Using the periodic Table, predict the farmulas of compounds which might be formed by the following pairs of elements, Silicon and bromine. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :`SiBr_4` | |
| 42. |
Which of the following statements, about the advantage of roasting of sulphide ore before reduction is not true |
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Answer» ROASTING of the SULPHIDE to the OXIDE is thermodynamics feasible |
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| 43. |
To an evacuated vessel with movable piston under external pressure of 1 atm, 0.1 mol of He and 1.0 mol of unknown compound (vapour pressure 0.68 atm. At 0^(@)C) are introduced. Considering the ideal gas behaviour the total volume (in litre) of the gases at 0^(@)C is close to |
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Answer» SUPPOSE volume of the vessel=V L Considering ideal GAS behaviour, for vapour of the compound (solid or liquid ) with 0.68 atm pressure at `0^(@)C`, PV=nRT `:.` n (no of moles of vapour) `=(PV)/(RT)=(0.68xxV)/(0.0821xx273)` `:.` Total no. of moles (He+vapour) `=0.1+(0.68V)/(0.0821xx273)` Total pressure =1 atm Applying PV=nRT for the mixture, `1xxV=(0.1+(0.68V)/(0.0821xx273))xx0.0821xx273` or `""V=0.1xx0.0821xx273+0.68" V"` or `0.32" V"=2.24" or " V= 7" L"` Alternatively, total pressure =1 atm Pressure of the vapour=0.68 atm `:.` Pressure of Helium =1-0.68=0.32 atm For ideal gas behaviour, PV=nRT `:. 0.32xxV=0.1xx0.0821xx273" or "V=7" L"` |
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| 44. |
What do you mean by hydrocarbons ? Give the names of the hydrocarbons that play a key role in our life daily life. |
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Answer» Solution :Hydrogens means compounds of CARBON and hydrogen only. Hydrocarbon a play a key ROLE in our daily life. LPG : (Liquified Petroleum GAS) CNG : (COMPRESSED Natural Gas) LNG : (Liquified Natural Gas) |
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| 45. |
What is the equilibrium constantK_(p) " and " K_(c) for the reactionPCl_(5)(g) hArr PCl_(3)(g) + Cl_(2)(g) if the pressure is 1.0atm in 8.0L container at equilibrium. |
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Answer» <P> |
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| 46. |
What is true about human blood cell ? |
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Answer» There is high concentration of `K^(+)` ion inside the cell |
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| 48. |
Which of the following will have highest DeltaH_"vap" value? |
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Answer» ACETONE |
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| 49. |
The strongest base of the following species is |
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Answer» `NH^(2-)` |
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| 50. |
Write structural formulas of the following compounds. (i)3,4,4,5-Tetramethylheptane , (ii)2,5-Dimethylhexane. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i)`UNDERSET"3,4,4,5-Tetramethylheptane"(overset1CH_3-overset2CH_2-undersetunderset(H_3C" ")|overset3CH-undersetunderset(CH_3)|oversetoverset(CH_3)|(C^4)-undersetunderset(CH_3)|overset5CH-overset6CH_2-overset7CH_3)` (II)`underset"2,5-Dimethylhexane"(overset1CH_3 overset2-oversetoverset(" " CH_3)|CH-overset3CH_2-overset4CH_2overset5-oversetoverset(" " CH_3)|CH-overset6CH_3)` |
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