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Novell-Ether is the DEFAULT IPX ETHERNET ENCAPSULATION.

Novell-Ether is the default IPX Ethernet encapsulation.

These are link ESTABLISHMENT phase, AUTHENTICATION phase and the NETWORK LAYER PROTOCOL phase.

These are link establishment phase, authentication phase and the network layer protocol phase.

STAC and PREDICTOR

Stac and Predictor

CHAP

CHAP

It is USED to PROVIDE LOAD BALANCING ACROSS multiple links.

It is used to provide load balancing across multiple links.

It HELPS AVOID FRAME LOOPING.

It helps avoid frame looping.

It MONITORS DATA DROPPED on a LINK.

It monitors data dropped on a link.

It contains the Flag, Address, CONTROL, PROPRIETARY, Data, FCS and Flag.

It contains the Flag, Address, Control, Proprietary, Data, FCS and Flag.

These are Switched services, Using protocols connecting PEER to peer DEVICES and INTERFACE front END to IBM Enterprise Data center computers.

These are Switched services, Using protocols connecting peer to peer devices and Interface front end to IBM Enterprise Data center computers.

We can USE the MODEM, CSU/DSU and TA/NT1 for this.

We can use the Modem, CSU/DSU and TA/NT1 for this.

TDM or TIME DOMAIN MULTIPLEXING

TDM or Time Domain Multiplexing

• HOST

The ROUTER CHECKS the CORRESPONDING BIT VALUE.

The router checks the corresponding bit value.

One ACCESS list PER PORT, per protocol is ALLOWED.

One Access list per port, per protocol is allowed.

The CISCO routers checks WHETHER the packet is routable or BRIDGEABLE

The cisco routers checks whether the packet is routable or bridgeable

SOURCE Port - 16 bits, DESTINATION Port - 16 bits, Length - 16 Bits, CHECKSUM - 16 bits, Data

Source Port - 16 bits, Destination Port - 16 bits, Length - 16 Bits, Checksum - 16 bits, Data

STANDARD and EXTENDED

Standard and Extended

It is used for DIAL on demand routing. DDR provides routing for LOW volume and periodic traffic.

It is used for dial on demand routing. DDR provides routing for low volume and periodic traffic.

The TYPE of SERVICE TELLS it.

The type of service tells it.

The network TESTING is FOUND in IP OPTIONS field.

The network testing is found in IP Options field.

These are TCP and UDP PROTOCOLS.

These are TCP and UDP Protocols.

It is used to carry messages like destination UNREACHABLE, SOURCE quench, PARAMETER PROBLEM, time exceeded, timestamp, address reply and address request.

It is used to carry messages like destination unreachable, source quench, parameter problem, time exceeded, timestamp, address reply and address request.

It is the CONDITION when the ROUTER LACKS any more BUFFER SPACE.

It is the condition when the router lacks any more buffer space.

RARP PROCESS

RARP Process

DOTTED DECIMAL, HEXADECIMAL and BIT count formats can be used.

dotted decimal, hexadecimal and bit count formats can be used.

It SETS the domain NAME LOOKUP to be a LOCAL broadcast.

It sets the domain name lookup to be a local broadcast.

The “trace [PROTOCOL] [destination]” is USED to discover routes that packets will travel to their destination hosts. TTL (TIME to Live) is used to report destination route INFORMATION.

The “trace [protocol] [destination]” is used to discover routes that packets will travel to their destination hosts. TTL (Time to Live) is used to report destination route information.

6 DNS SERVERS can be SPECIFIED with ONE command.

6 DNS Servers can be specified with one command.

AUTHENTICATION MESSAGES and LOCAL ROUTER CHALLENGES

Authentication messages and local router challenges

HDLC

HDLC

NVRAM is USED for this.

NVRAM is used for this.

The RANGE is 100-199

The range is 100-199

MULTIPLE unequal PATHS, autonomous SYSTEM NUMBER, etc.

Multiple unequal paths, autonomous system number, etc.

It TRANSPORTS both VOICE and DATA, and same as X.25

It transports both voice and data, and same as X.25

To save the bandwidth by REDUCING overhead and to CONNECT to a non CISCO router.

To save the bandwidth by reducing overhead and to connect to a non cisco router.

The DATA LINK LAYER SERVES this PURPOSE.

The Data link layer serves this purpose.

The BANDWIDTH is increased and collision domains are CREATED. Also it helps forward traffic USING mac ADDRESS.

The bandwidth is increased and collision domains are created. Also it helps forward traffic using mac address.

DETERMINES the PATH, MULTIPLEXING and MANAGEMENT of SESSIONS.

Determines the path, multiplexing and management of sessions.

It is USED to IDENTIFY the PVC in FRAME relay NETWORK.

It is used to identify the PVC in frame relay network.

HDLC is the DEFAULT SERIAL ENCAPSULATION.

HDLC is the default serial encapsulation.

The DEFAULT VALUES are BANDWIDTH and DELAY.

The default values are bandwidth and delay.

It stands for Service ADVERTISING PROTOCOL and it is used to ADVERTISE SERVICES.

It stands for Service Advertising Protocol and it is used to advertise services.

CDP PROTOCOL

CDP protocol

The full form of RARP is Reverse ADDRESS RESOLUTION Protocol. It is used to START REMOTE O/S LOAD sequence.

The full form of RARP is Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. It is used to start remote O/S load sequence.

CUT through is the SWITCHING METHOD USED to EXAMINE it.

Cut through is the switching method used to examine it.

USERNAME and password is SENT in CLEAR text and The authentication controls remote NODE.

Username and password is sent in clear text and The authentication controls remote node.

SWITCH, REPEATER and BRIDGE.

switch, repeater and bridge.

It can be done by BOOT system COMMANDS and config REGISTER.

It can be done by boot system commands and config register.

NETWORK LAYER.

Network layer.

The RANGE is 800-899

The range is 800-899