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51.

Assertion (A): s- block elements can form ionic hydrides. Which on electrolysis in fused state give `H_(2)` gas at cathode. Reason (R) : s-block elements have low IE and low EN as compared to p-block elements.A. If both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation for A.B. If both A and R are correct and R is not the correct explanation for A.C. If A is correct and R is incorrectD. If A is incorrect and R is correct

Answer» Correct Answer - D
Correct assertion: s-block elements form ionic hydrides but gives `H_(2)` gas at anode, e.g.
`NaH rarr Na^(o+) + H^(ɵ)`
`2H^(ɵ) rarr H_(2)+2e^(-)` (oxidation occurs at anode)
Reason is correct.
52.

The elements which constitute `5f`-block are called `"_______ "` with atomic numbers from `"_____"` to `"______"` .

Answer» Correct Answer - Actinoids; `90` to `103`
Actinoids, `90` to `103`
53.

System of classification proposed by two botanists and claimed to be natural system is byA. Bentham and HookerB. Aristotle and TheophrastusC. Darwin and WallaceD. Engler and Prantl

Answer» Correct Answer - A
The system of classification of plants proposed by Bentham and Hooker is claimed to be a natural system.
54.

In which of the following pairs, the difference between the convalent radii of the two metals is maximum.A. `K, Ca`B. `Mn, Fe`C. `Co, Ni`D. `Cr, Mn`

Answer» Correct Answer - A
Covalent radii decreases on going from left to right in periods. However, among the transition elements the size don not changes much because the electrons add to penultimate d-subshells i.e. `(n-1)` d-subshell.
55.

A reduction in atomic size the increases in atomic number is a charactersitic of elements of:A. f-blockB. Radioactive seriesC. High atomic massD. d-block

Answer» Correct Answer - A
Lanthanoid contraction.
56.

The size of the following species increases in the orderA. `Mg^(2+) lt Na^(+) lt F^(-)ltAl`B. `F^(-) lt Al lt Na^(+) gt Mg^(2+)`C. `Al lt Mg lt F^(-) lt Na^(+)`D. `Na^(+) lt Al lt F^(-) lt Se`

Answer» Correct Answer - A
`Mg^(2+) lt Na^(+) F lt Al`
`F^(-)` has bigger size than `Mg^(2+)` and `Na^(+)` due to small nuclear charge.
57.

The size of the following species increases in the orderA. `Al lt Mg lt F^(-) lt Na`B. `F^(-)Al lt Na^(+) gt Mg^(2+)`C. `Mg^(2+) lt Na^(+) lt F^(-) lt Al`D. `Na^(+)Al lt F^(-) lt Mg^(2+)`

Answer» Correct Answer - C
`Mg^(2+) lt Na^(+) lt F lt Al`
`F^(-)` has bigger size than `Mg^(2+)` and `Na^(+)` due to small nuclear charge.
58.

Which one is the correct order of the size of the iodine species?A. `I^(-) gt I gt I^(+)`B. `I gt I^(-) gt I^(+)`C. `I+ gt I- gt I`D. `I gt I^(+) gt I^(-)`

Answer» Correct Answer - A
`underset(54)(I^(-)) gt underset(53)(I) gt underset(52)(I^(+)) underset("atomic number")`.
59.

The first ionisation potential is maximum forA. `B`B. `N`C. `O`D. `Be`

Answer» Correct Answer - B
Ionisation potential generally increases when we more in a period from left to right but `IE_(1)` of `N_(2)` is greater than that of `O_(2)`. It is due to the more stable (half-filled orbitals) configurations of `N`.
60.

`p-`block elements mostly from_________compounds.A. covalentB. ionicC. metallicD. interstitial

Answer» Correct Answer - A
They from ionic compounds only with highly reactive metals.
61.

On the basis of quantum number, which period of the periodic table should have 32 elements.

Answer» In the periodic table of the elements, a period indicates the value of the principal quantum number (n) for the outermost shells. Each period begins with the filling of principal quantum number (n). The value of n for the sixth period is 6. For n = 6, azimuthal quantum number (l) can have values of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
According to Aufbau’s principle, electrons are added to different orbitals in order of their increasing energies. The energy of the 6d subshell is even higher than that of the 7s subshell.
In the `6^(th)` period, electrons can be filled in only 6s, 4f, 5d, and 6 p subshells. Now, 6s has one orbital, 4f has seven orbitals, 5d has five orbitals, and 6p has three orbitals. Therefore, there are a total of sixteen (1 + 7 + 5 + 3 = 16) orbitals available. According to Pauli’s exclusion principle, each orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons. Thus, 16 orbitals can accommodate a maximum of 32 electrons.
Hence, the sixth period of the periodic table should have 32 elements.
62.

Show by a chemical reaction with water that `Na_(2)O` is a basic oxide and `ClO_(7)` is an acidic oxide.

Answer» `Na_(2)O` with water forms a strong base whereas `Cl_(2)O_(7)` forms strong acid.
`Na_(2)O + H_(2)O rarr 2NaOH`
`Cl_(2)O_(7) + H_(2)O to 2HClO_(4)`
Their basic or acidic nature can be qualitatively tested with litmus paper.
63.

Are the oxidation state and covalency of Al in `[AlCl(H_(2)O)_(5)]^(2+)` same ?

Answer» No. The oxidation state of Al is +3 and the covalency is 6.
64.

What do you understand by isoelectronic species? Name a species that will be isoelectronic with each of the following atoms or ions. `F^(Θ)`, `Ar` ,`Mg^(2+)`,`Rb^(+)`

Answer» Atoms and ions having the same number of electrons are called isoelectronic species.
(i) `F^(-)` ion has 9 + 1 = 10 electrons. Thus, the species isoelectronic with it will also have 10 electrons. Some of its isoelectronic species are `Na^(+)` ion (11 – 1 = 10 electrons), Ne (10 electrons), `O^(2-)` ion (8 + 2 = 10 electrons), and `Al^(3+)` ion (13 – 3 = 10 electrons).
(ii) Ar has 18 electrons. Thus, the species isoelectronic with it will also have 18 electrons. Some of its isoelectronic species are `S^(2-)` ion (16 + 2 = 18 electrons),` Cl^(-)` ion (17 + 1 = 18 electrons), `K^(+ )` ion (19 – 1 = 18 electrons), and `Ca^(2+)` ion (20 – 2 = 18 electrons).
(iii) `Mg^(2+)` ion has 12 – 2 = 10 electrons. Thus, the species isoelectronic with it will also have 10 electrons. Some of its isoelectronic species are `F^(-)` ion (9 + 1 = 10 electrons), Ne (10 electrons), `O^(2-)` ion (8 + 2 = 10 electrons), and `Al^(3+)` ion (13 – 3 = 10 electrons).
(iv) `Rb^(+)` ion has 37 – 1 = 36 electrons. Thus, the species isoelectronic with it will also have 36 electrons. Some of its isoelectronic species are `Br^(-)` ion (35 + 1 = 36 electrons), Kr (36 electrons), and `Sr^(2+)` ion (38 – 2 = 36 electrons).
65.

Would you expect the second electron gain enthalpy of `O` as positive, more negative or less negative than the first? Justify your answer.

Answer» When an electron is added to O atom to form O– ion, energy is released. Thus, the first electron gain enthalpy of O is negative.
`O_((g))+e^(+) rarr O_(g)^(-)`
On the other hand, when an electron is added to `O^(-)` ion to form `O^(2-)` ion, energy has to be given out in order to overcome the strong electronic repulsions. Thus, the second electron gain enthalpy of O is positive
`O_((g))^(-) +e^(-)rarrn O_((g))^(2-)`
66.

Amongst the metal Be, Mg, Ca and Sr of group 2 of the periodic table, the least ionic chloride would be formed byA. BeB. CaC. MgD. Sr

Answer» Correct Answer - A
67.

Among the elements , `Li, K, Ca, Cl` and `Kr`, the element `K` has the lowest `IE` and `Kr` has the highest `IE`.

Answer» Correct Answer - T
True.
68.

The decreasing ordr `IE` for elements `Li, Be, C B` is `"______"` .

Answer» Correct Answer - `C gt Be gt B gt Li`
`C gt Be gt B gt Li`
69.

The `EN` of the elements `C, N, Si` and `P` increases in the order of `"______"` .

Answer» Correct Answer - `Si lt P lt C lt N`
`Si lt P lt C lt N`
70.

Clamp connection is found inA. BasidiomycetesB. ZygomycetesC. AscomycetesD. Oomycetes

Answer» Correct Answer - A
71.

Action of adrenocorticotropic hormone on the adrenal cortex is mediated byA. GTPB. AdrenalineC. Cyclic AMPD. ATP

Answer» Correct Answer - C
72.

Repulsion is the sure test of charging than attraction. Why?

Answer»

Acharged body may attract a neutral body and also an opposite charged body. But it always repels a like charged body. Hence repulsion is the sure test of electrification.

73.

Sexual reproduction in fungi is carried out by the fusion of compatible nuclei from two parents of compatible nuclei from two parents at a definite stage in the life cycle. Identify the different types of sexual reproduction occurring in fungi from the given figures and select the given figures and select the correct option A. B. C. D.

Answer» Correct Answer - C
Planogametic copulation (P) involves fusion of gamates.It may be isogamous or heterogamous (anisogamous and oogamous). In gametangial contact (Q) male gametes or nuclei are transferred from antheridium to oogonium through a fertilisation tube.Gametangial copulation (R) is a type of conjugation in which both the types of gametangia fuse directly resulting in the formation of a zygospore.Spermatisation (S) involves the transfer of a small male gamete to the receptive region or trichogyne of the female sex organ.In somatogamy (T), sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two hyphae or mycelia.
74.

In fungi, sexual reproduction takes place byA. Ascospores, basidiospores and zoosporesB. Zoospores, sporangiospores and conidiaC. Zoospores, oospores and basidiosporesD. Oospores, ascospores, and basidiospores

Answer» Correct Answer - D
In fungi, sexual reproduction takes place by oospores, ascospores and basidiospores.
75.

Fungi without sexual or perfect stages are classified asA. PhycomycetesB. DeuteromycetesC. basidiomycetesD. Ascomycetes

Answer» Correct Answer - B
Fungi without sexual or perfect stages are classified as deuteromycetes.
76.

How does a nucleoid differ from a nucleus ?

Answer» Nucleoid is single circular DNA molecule called prochromosome, without histone proteins, a limiting envelope and a nucleolus. Nucleus is an aggregate of 2-many linear DNA molecules termed chromosomes, with histone proteins, a limiting envelope, karyolymph and 1 or more nuclei.
77.

Define viruses.

Answer» Viruses are submicroscopic entities capable of being introduced into specific living cells and reproducing inside such cells only.
78.

Give the names of three morphological types of lichens.

Answer» (i) Crustose Lichen (ii) Foliose lichen, and (iii) Fruticose lichen.
79.

Why amoebic dysentery results in the repeated motions with mucus and blood ?

Answer» Amoebic dysentery is caused by the severe infection of Entamoeba histolytica. This pathogenic protozoan protist mostly feeds on red blood corpuscles of intestinal blood capillaries. The pathogen also sercretes an enzyme-histolysin which damages the mucosa of intestine. Therefore, the secretion from ulcerous mucosa of intestine results in the motion with mucus and blood.
80.

Which group of organisms possesses a protein rich layer called pellcleA. ChrysophytesB. EuglenoidsC. DinoflagellatesD. Slime Moulds.

Answer» Correct Answer - B
Euglenoids of the groups of organisms have a protein rich layer called pellicle.
81.

Which of the following statement `(s)` is`//`are correct ?A. Similar electrons configuration is repeated after intervals of `2,8,8,18` and `32` in the extended form of periodic table.B. In a period from right ot left `(larr)`, reducing nature increases.C. Along the period `(rarr)` thye number of valency electrons increases from `1` to `8`.D. The first member of lanthanide series is lanthanum.

Answer» Correct Answer - A::B::C::D
All statements (a,b,c and d) are correct.
b. `s`-block elements can undergo oxidation easily (i.e, strong reducing nature) because of low `IE`.
Thus reducing nature increases from the right to the left `(larr)` in a period.
82.

Read the following statements. (A) Their mode of nutrition is holozoic - by ingestion of food (B) Higher forms show elaborate sensory and neuromotor mechanism (C ) Most of them are capable of locomotion (D) The sexual reproduction is by copulation of male and female (E ) They digest their food in an internal cavity Here we are talking about :A. AnimalsB. PlantsC. FungiD. Protozoans

Answer» Correct Answer - A
(a) Their mode of nutrition is holozoic - by ingestion of food.
(b) Higher forms show elaborate sensory and neuromotor mechanism.
(c ) Most of them are capable of locomotion.
(d) The sexual reproduction is by copulation of male and female.
(e ) They digest their food in an internal cavity.
Here we are talking about animals.
83.

Assertion: `F` atom has less negative electron gain enthaply than `Ci` atom. Reason: Additional eletrons are repelled more effectively by 3 p-electronic in `Ci` than by `2` p-electrons is `F` atom.A. If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertionB. If the assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.C. If assertion is true but reason is false.D. If assertion is false but reason is true.

Answer» Correct Answer - C
Correct Reason: Additional electron is repelled more effectively by 2p-electron in `F` then 3p -electrons in `Cl`.
84.

Assertion (A) : In the mordern periodic table period indicates the value of azimuthal quantum number. Reason (R ): Each period begins with the filling of new shell.A. If both Assertion (A) and (R ) are correct and Reason (R ) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).B. If both (A) and (R ) are correct but (R ) is not the correct explanation for (A).C. If (A) is correct but (R ) is not correct.D. If (A) and (R ) are correct

Answer» Correct Answer - D
Correct assertion: In the modern periodic table the period indicates the value of principal quantum number.
85.

Write any four postulates of the kinetic molecular theory of gases.

Answer»

Assumptions :

1. Gases are composed of minute particles called molecules. All the molecules of a gas are identical.

2. Gaseous molecules are always, at a random movement. The molecules are moving in all possible directions in straight lines with very high velocities. They keep on colliding against each other and against the walls of the vessel at very small intervals of time.

3. The actual volume occupied by the molecules is negligible when compared to the total volume occupied by the gas.

4. There is no appreciable attraction or repulsion between the molecules.

5. There is no loss of kinetic energy when the molecules collide with each other or with the wall of vessel. This is because the molecules are spherical and perfectly elastic in nature.

6. The pressure exerted by the gas is due to the bombardment of the molecules of the gas on the walls of the vessel.

7. The average kinetic energy of the molecules of the gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature, Average K.E. ∝ T.

8. The force of gravity has no effect on the speed of gas molecules.

86.

The electric field in a region is given by vector E = ai + bi. Here a and b are constants. Find the net flux passing through a square area of side L parallel to Y-Z plane.

Answer»

Given vector E = ai + bj

vector s = L2i

ϕ = vector(E.S) = (ai + bj).L2i

∴ ϕ  = aL2[∵ i.i = 1 and i.j = 0]

87.

What is Malus law?

Answer»

Malus' law : It states that the intensity of polarised light transmitted through the analyser varies as a square of cosine of the angle between the plane of transmission of analyser and polariser.

I ∝ cos2θ; I = I0cos2θ.

88.

What is the principle of superposition of waves?

Answer»

When two or more waves are acting simultaneously on the particle of the medium, the resultant displacement is equal to the algebraic sum of individual displacements of all the waves. This is the principle of superposition of waves.

If y1, y2, ........ yn be the individual displacements of the particles,then resultant displacement y = y1 + y2 + ...... + yn.

89.

Assertion : Coenzymes serve as co-factors in a number of different enzyme catalyzed reactions. Reason : Coenzymes and prosthetic groups are cofactors.A. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.B. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.C. If assertion is true but reason is false.D. If both assertion and reason are false.

Answer» Correct Answer - B
90.

Expand TMV.

Answer» Tobacco Mosaic Virus.
91.

What is the causal agent of AIDS (or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ?

Answer» Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV)- a retrovirus.
92.

Assertion : The fungi are widespread in distribution and they even live on inside other plants and animals. Reason : Fungi are able to grow anywhere on land, water or on other organisms because they have a variety of pigments, including chlorophyll, carotenoids, fucoxanthin and phycoerythrin.A. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.B. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.C. If the assertion is true but reason is false.D. If both the assertion and reason are false.

Answer» Correct Answer - C
93.

In animals, the stored food reserve is in the form ofA. GlycogenB. CelluloseC. FatD. Glycogen or fat

Answer» Correct Answer - D
In animals, the stored food reserve is in the form of Glyocgen or fat.
94.

Mention the main reserve food of animals and plants.

Answer» Correct Answer - Glycogen, starch.
95.

Which type of food reserve in formed in fungi?

Answer» Glycogen and oil globules.
96.

The mode of nutrition in Monerans/Bacteria may beA. AutotrophicB. Heterotrophic/ParasiticC. Saprophytic/SaprotrophicD. All of the above

Answer» Correct Answer - D
The mode of nutrition in Monerans/Bacteria may be Autorophic, Heterotrophic (Parasitic and Saprohytic/Saprotrophic).
97.

True nucleus is absent inA. VaucheriaB. VolvoxC. AnabaenaD. Mucor

Answer» Correct Answer - C
True nucleus is absent in Anabaena.
98.

Plasmodium is characteristic feature ofA. DinoflagellatesB. Slime mouldsC. ChrysophytesD. Gymnosperms

Answer» Correct Answer - B
Plasmodium is characteristic feature of Slime moulds.
99.

Compare transpiration and evaporation.

Answer»
Transpiration Evaporation
1. Transpiration is the loss of water in the form of water vapour from aerial parts of the plant into atmosphere.1. Evaporation is the loss of water in the form of vapour directly from water.
2. It is a physiological process.2. It is a physical process.
3. It is controlled by environmental factors as well as physiological factors3. It is a entirely driven by environmental factors.

100.

Write a brief essay on Microbes as biocontrol agents.

Answer»

Bio control refers to the use of biological methods for controlling plant diseases and pests. Excessive usage of insecticides and pesticides leads toxicity to humans and animals alike and also pollute the environment. Our soil is also polluted due to the use of weedicides. If we use chemicals on diseased plants, both beneficial predatory and harmful insects will die. Thus the use of bio-control agents will greatly reduce our dependence on toxic chemicals and pesticides.

(1) The very familiar beetle with red and black markings - lady bird, and dragon flies are useful to get rid of aphlids and mosquitoes. 

(2) Microbial bio-control agent to control butterfly caterpillar is Bacillus thuringiensis. These are available in sachets as dried spores which are mixed with water and are sprayed onto vulnerable plants such as brassicas and fruit trees, they are eaten by the insect larvae. The toxin is released in the gut of the larvae, and the larvae gets killed. The bacterial disease will kill the caterpillars but leave other insects unharmed. Through Genetic Engineering method, scientists have introduced Bacillus thuringiensis toxin genes into plants. Such plants are resistant to attack by insect pests. 

Ex : Bt-Cotton, Bt-Brinjal.

(3) Trichoderma species are free living fungi that are very common in the root Ecosystems. They are effective Bio-control agents of several plant pathogens.

(4) Baculoviruses Baculoviruses are pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods. They are in the genus, Nucleo Polyhedro virus. These viruses are excellent candidates for species specific, narrow spectrum insecticidal applications.