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Climate of India is affected by Soil.

The Escarpments act as an obstruction to the winds blowing from the sea in Brazil.

Correct option: (d) Indian

Tidal forests are found in and around Desert.

Correct option: (b) Escarpments

Due to the triangular shape of the peninsular plateau, the moderating influence of the surrounding ocean and the sea extent over a large area. The presence of wind in this area moderates both the low and high temperature. The northern plain being away from the sea do not have any moderating influence. 

A striking feature of the hot weather season is the ‘loo’. These are strong, gusty, hot, dry winds blowing during the day over the north and northwestern India. Sometimes they even continue until late in the evening. Direct exposure to these winds may even prove to be fatal. 

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true: R explains A

CORRECT OPTION -

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true : R explains A .

Correct option: (a) Himalayas

• In the arid regions of west and north-west India, sandstorms or thunderstorms are common.
• In summer especially in May very hot winds blow over North India which are known as ‘Loo’. Direct exposure of these winds may even prove fatal.

(i) The Himalayas protect the Indian sub-continent from the cold and chilly northern winds which originate in Central Asia. It is because of this mountain that India enjoys a comparatively warmer climate during winter and the temperature differences are minimized between the tropical and sub-tropical India. 

(ii) We receive ample rain fall in India due to the presence of the Himalayas which prevent the rain bearing winds to cause wide spread rain fall in India especially in the north eastern parts . 

The answer is (A) Northern and northwestern plains

Answer : (b) Loo

Why does seasonal reversal of wind direction take place over the Indian sub-continent? 

(i) During winter, there is a high-pressure area north of the Himalayas. Cold dry winds blow from this region to the low-pressure areas over the oceans to the south. 

(ii) In summer, a low-pressure area develops over interior Asia as well as over northwestern India. Air now starts moving from a high pressure area located over the Indian Ocean in the south to the low pressure area in the north. This causes a complete reversal of the direction of winds during summer. 

(iii) These winds blow over the warm oceans, gather moisture and bring widespread rainfall over the mainland of India. The western cyclonic disturbances experienced in the north and north-western parts of the country are brought in by this westerly flow. 

The Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoon winds moves towards northeast and return westwards covering the northern plains. While they move towards west, their moisture contains tends to reduce with subsequent rains. Hence the rainfall decreases from east to west in northern India.

• Seasonal reversal of wind direction takes place over the Indian subcontinent?
  
  Answer: Seasonal reversal of wind direction over the Indian subcontinent takes place due to pressure differential. El Nino has major role to play in the seasonal reversal of wind direction over the Indian subcontinent.
• The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months.
  
  Answer: The monsoon begins from the first week of June and advances quite rapidly to cover almost the whole country by mid-July. Hence, the bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over the months of a few months; mainly June to August.
• The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall.
  
  Answer: The Tami Nadu coast receives winter rainfall because of movement of low-pressure conditions to the Bay of Bengal.
• The delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones.
  
  Answer: The Bay of Bengal is the centre of various pressure changes and hence there is always a chance of development of cyclone. Due to this, the delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones.
• Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone.
  
  Answer: These parts fall in the rain shadow area of the Aravalli. Hence, they are drought prone.

(i) Seasonal reversal of wind direction over the Indian subcontinent takes place due to pressure differential. El Nino has major role to play in the seasonal reversal of wind direction over the Indian subcontinent.
(ii) The monsoon begins from the first week of June and advances quite rapidly to cover almost the whole country by mid-July. Hence, the bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over the months of a few months; mainly June to August.
(iii) The Tami Nadu coast receives winter rainfall because of movement of low-pressure conditions to the Bay of Bengal.
(iv) The Bay of Bengal is the centre of various pressure changes and hence there is always a chance of development of cyclone. Due to this, the delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones.
(v) The parts fall in the rain shadow area of the Aravalli. Hence, they are drought prone.

The answer is  (C) depressions 

Correct option is B. Chilotro

The north east monsoon winds by crossing the Bay of Bengal absorbs moisture and gives heavy rain to the coromandal coast. These are frequent cyclones formed in the Bay of Bengal and they cause heavy damage to life and property along the coromandal coast.

(i) In the coastal regions of Brazil near the Equator, differences in temperatures are negligible. 

(ii) The winds move in the vertical direction in this equatorial region.

(iii) Similarly, the convergence zone of the trade winds is weak here. As a result, cyclones are not formed.

(iv) As a result tropical cyclones occur rarely in Brazil.

Both the figures shows the traffic congestion during heavy rains. Due to lack of proper drainage and heavy downpour the water gets accumulated disturbing the commuting system.

The low-pressure conditions, over northwestern India, get transferred to the Bay of Bengal by early November. This shift is associated with the occurrence of cyclonic depressions, which originate over the Andaman Sea. These cyclones generally cross the eastern coasts of India, including the deltas of the Godawari and the Krishna and the Kaveri, cause heavy and widespread rain. These tropical cyclones are often very destructive. The thickly populated deltas of the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri are frequently struck by cyclones, which cause great damage to life and property. Sometimes, these cyclones arrive at the coast of Orissa, West Bengal and Bangladesh. The bulk of the rainfall of the Coromandel Coast is derived from depressions and cyclones. 

(i) Cherrapunji/Mawsynram lies in the higher altitude on the windward side of the Khasi Hills and receives rainfall from the South West Monsoon Winds.

(ii) While Shillong lies in the lower altitude on the leeward side of the Khasi Hills, so it receives less rainfall being in the rain shadow area.

Isohyets is a line joining the places of equal rainfall.

1. Mangrove forests occur in and around the deltas, estuaries and creeks prone to tidal influences. 

2. In India they are found in deltas of Ganga, Brahmaputra (largest), the deltas of Mahanadi, Godavari and Krishna rivers.

(b) Physiography

1. Middle Ganga Valley 

2. Western Ghats 

3. Eastern Maharashtra 

4. Madhya Pradesh and Odisha

Correct Answer is: (c) Meghalaya

Air near the coast has more moisture and greater potential to produce precipitation. Due to this fact Kolkatta near the coast receives more rainfall (119cm) than Bikaner (24cm) which is located in the interior part.

Correct option is A. Nine

We wear cotton during Summer.

Correct Answer is: (a) Weather

Chennai is situated on Eastern coastal plain of India. It comes under the effect of North-East Monsoon winds. These winds move from land to sea. But while crossing the Bay of Bengal, these pick up moisture. After striking Eastern ghats, these give heavy rainfall in winter. In summer, it gets less rain as it is a rain shadow area.

Monsoon type of climate is found in India.

The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of India.