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The process of interlacing TWO SETS of YARNS NAMELY warp and weft, at right angle to make a FABRIC, according to design.

The process of interlacing two sets of yarns namely warp and weft, at right angle to make a fabric, according to design.

It is the process of producing fabric by transferring CONTINUOUS yarns into interlocking loops, each ROW of LOOP hanging from the ONE immediately preceding it.

It is the process of producing fabric by transferring continuous yarns into interlocking loops, each row of loop hanging from the one immediately preceding it.

ONE SET (WARP or WEFT).

One set (warp or weft).

No

No

TWO TYPES:

1. WARP KNITTING 
2. WEFT knitting.

Two types:

No.

No.

TWO SETS (WARP and WEFT).

Two sets (warp and weft).

Yes

Yes

WEFT KNITTING

Weft knitting

Yes

Yes

Ends

Ends

• Hand DRIVING (hand loom) & 
• ELECTRIC MOTOR driving (POWER loom)

• BOTTOM CLOSE SHED
• CENTER close shed
• Semi-OPEN shed
• Open shed

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

TAPPED LOOM

Tapped loom

INTERLACEMENT of TWO or more THREAD of YARN.

Interlacement of two or more thread of yarn.

The primary MOTION are as follows-

• SHEDDING
• PICKING
• Beating

The primary motion are as follows-

The SECONDARY MOTION are as FOLLOWS:

• LET off
• Take-up

The secondary motion are as follows:

The TERTIARY motion are as follows:

• WARP stop motion
• WEFT stop motion
• Warp PROTECTOR
• Weft protector

The tertiary motion are as follows:

HAND jacquard LOOMS to PRODUCE DELICATE FABRICS.

Hand jacquard looms to produce delicate fabrics.

Doublelift DOBBY & Jacquard.

Doublelift dobby & Jacquard.

ONE WEAVING CYCLE/ LOOM cycle/picks cycle

One weaving cycle/ loom cycle/picks cycle

WRONG DESIGN & STITCHING

Wrong design & stitching

True

True

14

14

Yes

Yes

Any DESIGN

Any design

1800

1800

STARCH or GUM

Starch or gum

Sizing is the PROCESS of GIVING a PROTECTIVE COATING on the warp yarn to MINIMIZE yarn breakage during weaving.

Sizing is the process of giving a protective coating on the warp yarn to minimize yarn breakage during weaving.

• HAND LOOM
• POWER loom

• Modern/shuttle LESS LOOM
• Conventional/shuttle loom

To PROPEL the SHUTTLE or any other WEFT INSERTING ELEMENTS.

To propel the shuttle or any other weft inserting elements.

True

True

To PUSH the NEWLY INSERTED weft YARN (last pick) to the FELL of the cloth.

To push the newly inserted weft yarn (last pick) to the fell of the cloth.

To WIND the already woven FABRIC on the cloth ROLLER with the progress of WEAVING.

To wind the already woven fabric on the cloth roller with the progress of weaving.

The SPACE OCCUPIED by a PICK in FABRIC.

The space occupied by a pick in fabric.

To unwind the EQUIVALENT length of WARP sheet from the warp beams with the PROGRESS of take-up during WEAVING.

To unwind the equivalent length of warp sheet from the warp beams with the progress of take-up during weaving.

1. PLAIN
2. TWILL
3. SATIN

• WARP SETT (No. of warp/inch)
• WEFT sett (no. of weft/inch)

Interlacement of the ends and picks with each other PRODUCES a COHERENT STRUCTURE. The repeating pattern of interlacing is called the WEAVE.

Interlacement of the ends and picks with each other produces a coherent structure. The repeating pattern of interlacing is called the weave.

The WAVINESS of the yarns due to interlacing of warp and WEFT in PRODUCING FABRIC is called crimp.

The waviness of the yarns due to interlacing of warp and weft in producing fabric is called crimp.

The LOOP where HEADS are below and HANKS are above is CALLED FACE loop.

The loop where heads are below and hanks are above is called face loop.

The LOOP where HEADS are above and HANKS are below is CALLED BACK loop.

The loop where heads are above and hanks are below is called back loop.

• SINGLE JERSEY or plain
• 1X1 rib
• 1x1 inter LOCK
• 1x1 purl

• NEEDLE
• SINKER
• CAM

• LATCH NEEDLE
• BEARDED needle
• COMPOUND needle

PPM = picks PER MINUTE

PPI = picks per INCH

EPI = Ends per inch

RS = Reed space

PPM = picks per minute

PPI = picks per inch

EPI = Ends per inch

RS = Reed space

• Early picking 
• LATE picking 
• Smash or Bang-off
• Short picking 
• HARSH picking 
• SHUTTLE FLYING out