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Periodontics deals with the treatment and SURGERIES of gums, BONES and CONNECTIVE TISSUES SURROUNDING the teeth.

Periodontics deals with the treatment and surgeries of gums, bones and connective tissues surrounding the teeth.

Endodontics: It is the branch of dentistry which deals with a physiology, morphology and PATHOLOGY of the human dental PULP and periradicular tissues. It has restricted the diagnosis and treatment upto the pulp and periradicular tissues only. They are root canal specialists and are trained to do COMPLEX root canal surgeries.

Orthodontics: This word comes from latin word that means “straight TEETH.” Orthodontics are specialized in clear aligner therapy, appliance therapy and in braces, which are used to straightened teeth.

Endodontics: It is the branch of dentistry which deals with a physiology, morphology and pathology of the human dental pulp and periradicular tissues. It has restricted the diagnosis and treatment upto the pulp and periradicular tissues only. They are root canal specialists and are trained to do complex root canal surgeries.

Orthodontics: This word comes from latin word that means “straight teeth.” Orthodontics are specialized in clear aligner therapy, appliance therapy and in braces, which are used to straightened teeth.

The PASSAGE that transmits VESSELS and nerves through the JAW to the branches that distributes them to the TEETH

The passage that transmits vessels and nerves through the jaw to the branches that distributes them to the teeth

ALVEOLAR is used to REFER a BONE that is ATTACHED to the tooth.

Alveolar is used to refer a bone that is attached to the tooth.

“ABUTMENT” is an IMPLANT fixture or TOOTH used as a SUPPORT for PROSTHESIS.

“Abutment” is an implant fixture or tooth used as a support for prosthesis.

Exposure to access amount of X-rays may cause cancer, however, controlled X-ray exposure are safe to use. With advanced digital X-ray machines which limits the radiation BEAM to a SMALLER AREA and for SHORTER PERIOD it makes even safer.

Exposure to access amount of X-rays may cause cancer, however, controlled X-ray exposure are safe to use. With advanced digital X-ray machines which limits the radiation beam to a smaller area and for shorter period it makes even safer.

Air abrasion is the techniques used by dentist to clean the INFECTED area and remove dead cells. In this technique, fine particle stream is AIMED at the tooth surface. The particles are made up of silica, baking soda or aluminium OXIDE. A compressed air or gas is used to generate the FORCE to clear the dead cells and TISSUES.

Air abrasion is the techniques used by dentist to clean the infected area and remove dead cells. In this technique, fine particle stream is aimed at the tooth surface. The particles are made up of silica, baking soda or aluminium oxide. A compressed air or gas is used to generate the force to clear the dead cells and tissues.

The ACCUMULATION of PUS, dead tissue and other fluids due to a BACTERIAL INFECTION is known as dental abscesses. It MIGHT either occur inside the pulp chamber or inside the gums.

The accumulation of pus, dead tissue and other fluids due to a bacterial infection is known as dental abscesses. It might either occur inside the pulp chamber or inside the gums.

Prevents de-mineralization: In bacterial INFECTION, bacteria combines with sugar and produces ACID that damages the outer covering of TOOTH or enamel and starts de-mineralization of tooth. Fluoride STOP acid from damaging enamel.

Re-mineralization: If there is already some damage DUE to acid, fluoride will deposits in the demineralized areas and begins strengthening the enamel; a process called re-mineralization

Prevents de-mineralization: In bacterial infection, bacteria combines with sugar and produces acid that damages the outer covering of tooth or enamel and starts de-mineralization of tooth. Fluoride stop acid from damaging enamel.

Re-mineralization: If there is already some damage due to acid, fluoride will deposits in the demineralized areas and begins strengthening the enamel; a process called re-mineralization

Orthograde

Solid: SILVER CONES, stainless steel

Semi-solid: Gutta PERCHA

Pastes: ZnO, Resins

Combination of solid and semi-solid

RETROGRADE

Amalgam, GIC, Calcium phosphate CEMENT, DBA, super EBA

Orthograde

Solid: Silver cones, stainless steel

Semi-solid: Gutta percha

Pastes: ZnO, Resins

Combination of solid and semi-solid

Retrograde

Amalgam, GIC, Calcium phosphate cement, DBA, super EBA

ROOT MATERIAL is CLASSIFIED into two CLASSES

• Orthograde
• RETROGRADE

Root material is classified into two classes

Tooth ache is generally caused by dental disease due to infection, but there is some uncommon condition like trigeminal neuralgia that causes tooth ache. Trigeminal nerve is ONE of the main nerves which ORIGINATES from the brain stem and enter the face, and end in the tooth bottom. When this nerve gets DISTURBED or damage during an accident or while operation, it causes the pain KNOWN as trigeminal neuralgia. Such condition is most commonly found among the elderly people and those having HYPERTENSION.

Tooth ache is generally caused by dental disease due to infection, but there is some uncommon condition like trigeminal neuralgia that causes tooth ache. Trigeminal nerve is one of the main nerves which originates from the brain stem and enter the face, and end in the tooth bottom. When this nerve gets disturbed or damage during an accident or while operation, it causes the pain known as trigeminal neuralgia. Such condition is most commonly found among the elderly people and those having hypertension.

Pulp is the CENTRAL tissue found in the center of all TEETH, where BLOOD vessels and all nerve tissues are found.

Pulp is the central tissue found in the center of all teeth, where blood vessels and all nerve tissues are found.

1. Crown: The top part of the TOOTH is REFERRED as Crown, the shape of the crown determines tooth functions.
2. ENAMEL: The outermost layer of tooth is referred as Enamel.
3. Root: The bottom part of the tooth that is EMBEDDED in bone is referred as Root.
4. Dentin: Dentin is the layer of the tooth, underneath enamel.

The IDEAL PROPERTIES of endodontic sealer is :

• It should create a watertight seal.
• It should PROVIDE good adhesion with canal wall.
• It should be radiopaque ( Visualize on x-ray ).
• On setting it must not shrink.
• It should be bacteriostatic.
• It should set slowly and insoluble in tissue fluids.
• SOLUBLE in the standard solvent.
• It should not stain tooth STRUCTURE.

The ideal properties of endodontic sealer is :

For root canal, the instruments used are :

1. Lentulo spiral filler or rotary PASTE filler
2. Finger SPREADER
3. Endodontic plugger
4. Gutta PERCHA POINTS
5. Obturating material sealers

For root canal, the instruments used are :

1. Step 1: First the dentist numbs the TOOTH by giving local anaesthetic.
2. Step 2: The opening is MADE through the crown of the tooth to the decay region or pulp chamber.
3. Step 3: Then unhealthy tissues and infected CELLS are removed using special files.
4. Step 4: Then shape the canal so that filling the material can be filled easily.
5. Step 5: Canals are filled with a permanent material.

Root CANAL is a TREATMENT CARRIED out in the patient having LARGE cavities that damage the tooth root. The root becomes inflamed and infected in this CONDITION.

Root Canal is a treatment carried out in the patient having large cavities that damage the tooth root. The root becomes inflamed and infected in this condition.

Tooth INFECTION symptoms are :

• Toothache
• Having pain while chewing
• HOT or Cold sensitivity of the teeth
• Bitter taste in the MOUTH
• Possible fever
• Breath odor
• Swollen glands of the neck
• General DISCOMFORT, uneasiness and ill feeling
• Upper or lower jaw area swollen.

Tooth infection symptoms are :

• Bleeding disorder
• Brushing too hard
• During PREGNANCY hormonal changes
• Not flossing correctly
• Leukemia
• Scurvy
• Blood thinners
• Deficiency of vitamin K
• Tooth or gum RELATED infections
• Inappropriate DENTURES or other dental appliances
• Idiopathic thrombocytopenic PURPURA

BLEEDING gums are due to the buildup of PLAQUE at the gum LINE. This condition is referred as gingivitis or inflamed gums. If plaque is not treated it would harden into tartar, which leads to increased bleeding, and it would result in more adverse form of gum and jawbone disease KNOWN as periodontitis.

Bleeding gums are due to the buildup of plaque at the gum line. This condition is referred as gingivitis or inflamed gums. If plaque is not treated it would harden into tartar, which leads to increased bleeding, and it would result in more adverse form of gum and jawbone disease known as periodontitis.

Dental caries also KNOWN as cavity or tooth DECAY, which is caused DUE to bacterial infection. It causes the destruction of HARD tissue of the TEETH and results in demineralization of the teeth.

Dental caries also known as cavity or tooth decay, which is caused due to bacterial infection. It causes the destruction of hard tissue of the teeth and results in demineralization of the teeth.