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151.	Beams with intermediate slenderness fail by(a) elastic buckling(b) inelastic lateral buckling(c) attains Mp without buckling(d) do not failThe question was asked in my homework.Query is from Behaviour of Real Beam topic in section Design of Beams of Design of Steel Structures
Answer» Correct ANSWER is (b) inelastic lateral BUCKLING The BEST explanation: Beams with intermediate slenderness (0.4 < √Mp/Mcr < 1.2)FAIL by inelastic lateral buckling at loads below Mp and above Mcr .

152.	If Mcr > My of a beam section, then(a) beam does not buckle(b) beam buckles fully elastically(c) beam buckles completely plastically(d) some amount of plasticity is experiencedI have been asked this question in homework.Asked question is from Behaviour of Real Beam in division Design of Beams of Design of Steel Structures
Answer» Correct option is (d) some amount of plasticity is EXPERIENCED To elaborate: When CRITICAL moment of a section Mcris GREATER than My , some amount of plasticity is experienced at the outer edges before BUCKLING is initiated.

153.	As the beam undergoes bending under applied loads, axial strain distribution at a point in beam(a) axial strain is not produced(b) remains constant(c) varies along depth of beam(d) varies along length of beamThis question was addressed to me in unit test.My doubt stems from Behaviour of Real Beam topic in section Design of Beams of Design of Steel Structures
Answer» The correct CHOICE is (C) varies ALONG DEPTH of beam To elaborate: As the beam undergoes bending under applied loads, AXIAL strain distribution at a point in beam varies along the depth of beam.

154.	The requirement of effective bracing is(a) it should not have sufficient strength not to withstand forces transferred to it by beam(b) it should not have sufficient strength to withstand forces transferred to it by beam(c) it should have sufficient stiffness so that buckling of beam occurs in between braces(d) it should not have sufficient stiffness so that buckling of beam occurs in between bracesI have been asked this question at a job interview.Question is taken from Factors affecting Lateral Stability in section Design of Beams of Design of Steel Structures
Answer» Correct choice is (C) it should have SUFFICIENT stiffness so that buckling of beam OCCURS in between braces Easy explanation: The requirements of effective bracing are (i) it should have sufficient strength to WITHSTAND forces transferred to it by beam, (ii) it should have sufficient stiffness so that buckling of beam occurs in between braces.

155.	Which of the following is correct?(a) torsional bracing attached near bottom flange should bend in single curvature(b) torsional bracing attached near bottom flange should not bend in single curvature(c) its flexural stiffness should be 4EIb/S(d) its flexural stiffness should be 6EIb/SI had been asked this question during a job interview.This intriguing question comes from Factors affecting Lateral Stability topic in portion Design of Beams of Design of Steel Structures
Answer» RIGHT answer is (a) torsional bracing attached near bottom flange should bend in SINGLE curvature The EXPLANATION: Torsional bracing attached near bottom flange should bend in single curvature and its flexural STIFFNESS should be 2EI/S, where Ib is moment of inertia of brace, S is spacing between girders.

156.	Effective length of compression flanges at the ends unrestrained against lateral buckling is(a) 1.5 L(b) 0.85 L(c) 0.5 L(d) LThis question was posed to me during an interview.The query is from Factors affecting Lateral Stability topic in division Design of Beams of Design of Steel Structures
Answer» RIGHT ANSWER is (d) L Easy explanation: Effective length of COMPRESSION flanges at the ends UNRESTRAINED against lateral buckling (i.e. free to ROTATE in plan) is L, where L is length of span.

157.	The effective length of compression flange of simply supported beam not restrained against torsion at ends is(a) 1.2 L(b) 1.0 L(c) 0.8 L(d) 0.5 LThe question was asked in an interview for internship.This is a very interesting question from Factors affecting Lateral Stability topic in chapter Design of Beams of Design of Steel Structures
Answer» Right choice is (a) 1.2 L For explanation I WOULD say: The effective length of COMPRESSION FLANGE of simply supported beam not RESTRAINED against torsion at ENDS is 1.2 L, where L is span length.

158.	The effective length factor is _____ for beams flanges fully restrained(a) 1(b) 0.5(c) 0.75(d) 1.5I have been asked this question during an online exam.Enquiry is from Factors affecting Lateral Stability in chapter Design of Beams of Design of Steel Structures
Answer» The correct answer is (B) 0.5 Best explanation: The EFFECTIVE length factor K is 0.5 theoretically for flanges FULLY RESTRAINED. But for design purpose, it MAY be taken as 0.7.

159.	Open cross sections have major part of material distributed(a) is not distributed(b) on the centroid(c) towards centroid(d) away from centroidThe question was asked at a job interview.This key question is from Factors affecting Lateral Stability in section Design of Beams of Design of Steel Structures
Answer» Right ANSWER is (d) away from centroid Easy explanation: In open cross sections ( I and channel sections), major part of material is DISTRIBUTED at the FLANGES, i.e. away from their CENTROIDS, to improve their resistance to in-plane bending STRESSES.

160.	Which of the following statement isnot correct?(a) Hollow circular tube has more efficiency as flexural member(b) Hollow circular tube has lesser efficiency as flexural member(c) It is the most efficient shape for torsional resistance(d) It us rarely used as a beam elementI had been asked this question in semester exam.This is a very interesting question from Factors affecting Lateral Stability topic in division Design of Beams of Design of Steel Structures
Answer» CORRECT answer is (a) Hollow CIRCULAR tube has more efficiency as flexural MEMBER Explanation: Hollow circular tube is the most efficient shape for TORSIONAL resistance, but is rarely employed as BEAM element because of difficulties encountered in connecting it to other members and lesser efficiency as a flexural member.

161.	Which of the following does not affect lateral stability?(a) cross sectional shape(b) support conditions(c) type of loading(d) height of buildingThis question was posed to me during an interview for a job.I'm obligated to ask this question of Factors affecting Lateral Stability topic in portion Design of Beams of Design of Steel Structures
Answer» The correct answer is (d) height of building The best I can explain: The factors affecting LATERAL stability are cross sectional SHAPE, support CONDITIONS, effective length, LEVEL of APPLICATION of transverse loads.

162.	Elastic critical moment for long shallow girders is given by(a) (π/L){√(EIyGIt)}(b) (πL){√(EIyGIt)}(c) (π/L){√(EIy /GIt)}(d) (πL){√(EIy/GIt)}I have been asked this question during an interview.Question is taken from Lateral Torsional Buckling topic in chapter Design of Beams of Design of Steel Structures
Answer» Correct answer is (a) (π/L){√(EIyGIt)} To elaborate: Long shallow GIRDERS have low warping stiffness or resistance. So, elastic critical moment for long shallow girders is GIVEN by (π/L){√(EIyGIt)}, where EIy = flexural rigidity(minor axis), GIT = torsional rigidity, L = unbraced length of BEAM subjected to constant moment in PLANE of web.

163.	For different loading conditions, the equation of elastic critical moment is given by(a) Mcr = c1(EIyGIt) γ(b) Mcr = c1 [(EIyGIt)^2] γ(c) Mcr = c1 [√(EIyGIt)] γ(d) Mcr = c1 (EIy /GIt) γI have been asked this question by my school teacher while I was bunking the class.The query is from Lateral Torsional Buckling in section Design of Beams of Design of Steel Structures
Answer» Correct answer is (c) Mcr = c1 [√(EIyGIt)] γ The BEST I can explain: For different loading conditions, the equation of ELASTIC critical moment is given by Mcr = c1 [√(EIyGIt)] γ, where c1 = equivalent uniform moment FACTOR or moment coefficient, EIy = flexural rigidity(minor axis), GIt = torsional rigidity, γ = (π/L){√[1 + (πE/L)^2IwIy]}, It= St.Venant torsion constant, Iw = St.Venant warping constant, L = unbraced LENGTH of beam subjected to constant moment in plane of web.

164.	Critical bending moment capacity of a beam undergoing lateral torsional buckling is a function of(a) does not depend on anything(b) pure torsional resistance only(c) warping torsional resistance only(d) pure torsional resistance and warping torsional resistanceI got this question by my school teacher while I was bunking the class.Question is taken from Lateral Torsional Buckling in section Design of Beams of Design of Steel Structures
Answer»

165.	To ensure that compression flange of beam is restrained from moving laterally, the cross section must be(a) plastic(b) semi-compact(c) slender(d) thinI have been asked this question in an interview for job.This intriguing question originated from Lateral Stability of Beams topic in portion Design of Beams of Design of Steel Structures
Answer» CORRECT choice is (a) PLASTIC The explanation: To ensure that compression flange of beam is restrained from moving laterally, the CROSS section must be plastic or compact. if significant ductility is REQUIRED, section must invariably be plastic.

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